Model

Guidelines for the Hiring and Training

of Inspectors of the
Flight Standards Directorate
September 1, 2016
This page intentionally blank.

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Introduction

Chapter 1. Terminology and Abbreviations/Acronyms

Chapter 2: Foundation for CAA Training
Chapter 3: Qualification Standards for Employment of Inspectors for the Flight Standards Directorate
Chapter 4: Position Descriptions for Inspectors of the Flight Standards Directorate
Chapter 5. Competency-Based Training and Assessment
Chapter 6. Inspector Training Courses
Chapter 7. Conducting and Evaluating On the Job Training

Appendix A. Inspector Position Descriptions

Appendix B. Flight Standards Inspector Job Tasks
Appendix C. Model Job Task Analysis Worksheet Template
Appendix D. Model Inspector Training Profiles
Appendix E. Inspector On-the-Job Training Worksheet

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INTRODUCTION

All States who are members of the International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO) and signatories to
the Convention on International Civil Aviation (known as the Chicago Convention), are obligated to
implement the safety oversight requirements of ICAO.

In order to fulfill its ICAO obligations, each ICAO Contracting State must create a national Civil Aviation
Authority (CAA), which is then granted the responsibility and authority to implement the ICAO
requirements on behalf of the national government. Of particular importance within the CAA is its Flight
Standards Department. As noted in ICAO Doc 9734, Part A, para. 3.4.3, the primary responsibilities of
the Flight Standards Inspectorate are to implement the ICAO requirements relating to ICAO Annexes 1,
6, and 8 involving personnel licensing, aircraft operation and continuing airworthiness of aircraft, and
the harmonization of operating regulations and coordination among the various sections responsible for
the implementation of national and international standards.

The ICAO requirements are contained in the Articles of the Chicago Convention and in the Standards
and Recommended Practices (SARPS) found in the Annexes to the Convention. In addition to these,
ICAO has published many guidance documents which contain best practices for the operation of a Civil
Aviation Authority. The principal ICAO documents affecting the Flight Standards Department are as
follows:

 Chicago Convention (Doc. 7300)

 Annex 1 – Personnel Licensing
 Annex 6 – Operation of Aircraft
 Annex 8 – Airworthiness of Aircraft
 Doc. 8335, Manual Of Procedures for Operations Inspection, Certification and Continued
Surveillance
 Doc 9379, Manual of Procedures for Establishment and Management of a State’s Personnel
Licensing System
 Doc. 9734, Safety Oversight Manual
 Doc. 9760, Airworthiness Manual
 Doc 9841, Manual on the Approval of Training Organisations

The work of the Flight Standards Department is accomplished by a group of highly skilled aviation
professionals including Aviation Safety Inspectors (ASI) who accomplish many of the daily technical
functions of the CAA as required by ICAO. The ASIs represent the national government and their role is
critical to aviation safety.

The periodic reporting of the results of the ICAO Universal Safety Oversight Audit Programme has
shown that Critical Element 4 (CE-4), technical personnel qualifications and training, has been
consistently difficult to implement. In the most recent USOAP report for the period ending December
2015, CE-4 is the least implemented of the eight CEs, with a 47.4 percent of lack of effective
implementation worldwide.

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 Source: ICAO Continuous Monitoring Approach (USOAP CMA) Results 1 January 2013 to 31 December 2015

These Guidelines for the Hiring and Training of Inspectors of the Flight Standards Directorate will
provide a means to promote a minimum level of technical capabilities of technical personnel providing
safety oversight worldwide.

References:
 ICAO Doc 8335, Manual of Procedures for Operations Inspection, Certification and Continued
Surveillance, Fifth Edition, 2010.
 ICAO Doc 9760, Airworthiness Manual, Third Edition, 2013.
 ICAO Doc 9734, Part A, Safety Oversight Manual, Second Edition, 2006.
 ICAO Doc 9379, Manual of Procedures for Establishment and Management of a State’s Personnel
Licensing System, Second Edition, 2012.
 ICAO Cir 298, Training Guidelines for Aircraft Accident Investigators, June 2003.
 ICAO Doc 9868, Procedures for Air Navigation Services – Training, First Edition, August 2011.
 ICAO Doc 9941, TRAINAIR Plus Training Development Guideline, First Edition, 2011.
 FAA On-the-Job Training Program Guide, October 2009;
 FAA Inspector Training System, Formal Course Standards, June 2009 and Program Guide, April
2011.
 FAA Inspector Qualification Standards for Dispatch and Cabin Safety Inspectors, FAA Office of
Human Resources, March 2009.
 Inspector Qualification Standards for Aviation Safety Series 1825, United States Office of
Personnel Management (on-line), April 2012.
 Introduction to the Position Classification Standards, TS-134, United States Office of Personnel
Management, August 2009,
 The Classifier’s Handbook, TS-107, United States Office of Personnel Management, August 1991.

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Chapter 1. Terminology and Abbreviations/Acronyms

1.1 Terminology

The following terms in this circular have the following meanings.

Advanced Training. Technical training after initial (indoctrination) required to perform specific and
highly technical aviation safety job tasks.

Approved Training Organisation (ATO). An organization approved by and operating under the
supervision of a Contracting State in accordance with the requirements of ICAO Annex 1 to perform
approved training.

Aviation Safety Inspector – Airworthiness. A properly credentialed individual who bears the authority,
under the national laws and regulations, to certify, surveil, and investigate air operators and aviation
maintenance and repair activities on behalf of the national aviation safety authority. Will also handle
maintenance licensing and training responsibilities if the national aviation safety authority does not use
the category of Personnel Licensing Inspector.

Aviation Safety Inspector – Operations. A properly credentialed individual who bears the authority,
under the national laws and regulations, to certify, surveil, and investigate air operators on behalf of the
national aviation safety authority. Will also handle flight crew and operational licensing and training
responsibilities if the national aviation safety authority does not use the category of Personnel Licensing
Inspector.

Aviation Safety Inspector – Personnel Licensing (PEL). A properly credentialed individual who bears
the authority, under the national laws and regulations, to certify, surveil, and investigate aviation
personnel and approved training organisations involved in safety functions on behalf of the national
aviation safety authority.

Competency. A combination of knowledge, skills and attitudes required to perform a task to the
prescribed standard.

Competency-based training and assessment. Training and assessment that are characterized by a
performance orientation, emphasis on standards of performance and their measurement, and the
development of training to the specified performance standards.

Continuation Training. Any additional training for aviation safety inspectors beyond indoctrination
(includes specialty, advanced and recurring training).

Criterion-referenced test. A test, the measurement of which is compared with an objective standard
(and not against another measurement).

Initial Training. Also referred to as “new hire” or “indoctrination” training. Initial qualification training for
the position assigned.

Flight Standards Inspectorate/Directorate. Organisation within the national aviation safety authority that
sets the standards and implements the execution of safety oversight activities involving certification,
surveillance and enforcement activities of personnel, air operators, maintenance providers, and training
entities

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Journeyman Inspector. A properly credentialed individual who has completed initial training, and who
bears the authority, under the national laws and regulations, to perform a variety of technical
administration, certification and surveillance duties and report findings to higher level inspectors. They
do not have continuing program responsibility, although they have been delegated authority to make
decisions as to the quality of individual activities inspected.

Job Task Analysis. The process of specifying, in detail, how a task is to be performed, including the
subtasks and any task elements comprising each task and the identification and recording of the skills,
knowledge and attitudes required to perform the task, and of the environment in which it is to be
performed.

Maintenance. The performance of tasks required to ensure the continuing airworthiness of an aircraft,
including any one or combination of overhaul, inspection, replacement, defect rectification, and the
embodiment of a modification or repair.

Material-dependent training. A well-documented and repeatable training package that has been tested
and proven to be effective.

On-The-Job Training (OJT). Structured employee training conducted at a work site by the supervisor or
another employee as identified by the supervisor. This type of training provides direct experience in the
work environment in which the employee is performing or will be performing on the job.

Position Description (PD). A position description is a document which lays out an employee’s major
duties, responsibilities, organizational relationships, scope of work, and amount of supervision when
performing job tasks.

Principal Inspector. A properly credentialed individual who bears the authority, under the national laws
and regulations as the responsible inspector with respect to their specialty area (operations,
airworthiness, or personnel licensing) for the safety oversight of a certified aviation entity.

Recurring Training. Training taken by inspectors for the purpose of refreshing or updating materials
previously provided in an earlier course.

Qualification Standards. A description of the minimum requirements necessary to perform work of a

particular occupation successfully and safely. These minimum requirements may include specific job-
related work experience, education, medical or physical standards, training, security, and/or licensure.
Note: They are not designed to rank candidates, identify the best qualified for a particular position, or
substitute for an analysis of an applicant's knowledge, skills, and abilities/competencies.

Specialty Training. Training after indoctrination that is required to perform aviation safety oversight
tasks as part of the inspector’s defined specialty (e.g. air operator, airworthiness, personnel licensing,
etc.)

Surveillance. The monitoring of the behavior, activities, or other changing information, of certificate or
licence holders, for the purpose of influencing, managing, directing, or protecting.

Trainee Inspector. A newly hired individual who is going through the CAA inspector initial or
indoctrination training programme. Trainee inspectors perform assignments under direct supervision of
higher level inspectors. A significant portion of the duties involve training for the next higher level of
inspector work functions.

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Training Course. A programme of instruction designed to allow the student to meet specified
requirements or knowledge and/or skill.

Training Profiles. Lists of recommended courses based on common employee specialties and
positions. (FAA TNA Guide)

1.2 Abbreviations/Acronyms

Some common abbreviations/acronyms used in this circular are as follows.

AMO – Approved Maintenance Organisations

ASI – Aviation Safety Inspector
ATO – Approved Training Organisations
CAA – Civil Aviation Authority
CE Critical Element
FSD – Flight Standards Department
JTA Job Task Analysis
ICAO – International Civil Aviation Organisation
OJT – On-the-Job Training
PD - Position Description
PEL – Personnel Licensing
SARPs – Standards and Recommended Practices
SMS – Safety Management System

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Chapter 2. Foundation for CAA Training

2.1. Eight Critical Elements of a Safety Oversight System

2.1.1. In order for CAA training of ASI’s and other personnel to be successful, it must be built upon a
sound CAA foundation. This means that of the eight ICAO critical elements (CE) of a safety oversight
system, each of the first three critical elements that precede CE-4, Qualified Technical Personnel and
Training, must also be fully implemented. A brief review of the key items of each of the first four critical
elements is listed below.

2.2 CE-1 – Primary Aviation Legislation.

2.2.1. ICAO Doc 9734, Part A, states at Paragraph 3.2.5 that a Contracting State’s primary aviation
legislation is the key to effective safety oversight by the State. Paragraph 3.2.4 states that a State’s
primary aviation legislation should establish a CAA to proactively supervise and regulate the following
aviation activities:
a. Personnel licensing;
b. Operation of aircraft;
c. Airworthiness Inspection;
d. Air traffic;
e. Aerodromes;
f. Provision of meteorological and search and rescue services; and
g. Investigation of aircraft accidents/incidents.

2.3 CE-2 – Specific Operating Regulations

ICAO Doc 9734, Part A states at Paragraph 3.3.1.1 that a Contracting State’s regulations: should be in
conformity with ICAO Annexes; should be in sufficient detail to ensure that satisfactory compliance will
result in the desired level of safety; and, must provide for amendment. Paragraph 3.3.1.4 states

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regulations must be framed in legal phraseology, but phrased in a way to be understood and used by
the CAA and general public.

2.4 CE-3 – CAA Structure and Safety Oversight Functions

2.4.1. ICAO Document 9734, Part A, Paragraph 3.4.2.1 states that “to effectively fulfill its
responsibilities, the State civil aviation system must be properly organized and staffed with qualified
personnel capable of accomplishing the required wide range of technical duties involved in safety
oversight.” Furthermore, they should also enjoy conditions of service and remuneration consistent with
their education, technical knowledge and experience, and comparable to those personnel of the
operator whose activities they will inspect and supervise.

2.4.2. Paragraph 3.4.2.2 states that CAA inspectors must possess appropriate credentials of CAA
identification that allows unhindered access to inspector aviation persons, entities and facilities.

2.4.3. Paragraph 3.4.2.3 states that the cost of recruiting, retaining qualified technical personnel who
satisfactorily meet the requirements of the profession represents a significant financial commitment and
may require revisions to long-standing policies and regulations regarding remuneration for qualified
technical personnel. In order to recruit and retain appropriately qualified personnel who combine
professionalism and integrity, it is essential that the State authorities become a competitive employer.
Furthermore, States should have appropriate recruitment policies, terms of employment and practices
in place.

2.4.4. Paragraph 3.4.3 states identifies the CAA’s Flight Standards Department as the office with the
overall responsibility for the safety oversight-related activities of the CAA for personnel licensing,
aircraft operation and airworthiness of aircraft.

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 2.5. CE-4 Qualified Technical Personnel and Training

2.5.1. ICAO Document 9734, Part A, Paragraph 3.5.2, lists the following Contracting State
responsibilities regarding CAA hiring and training of personnel.

a. State authorities must identify the minimum professional qualifications for technical personnel
performing safety oversight functions.

b. State authorities must finance technical personnel’s initial and recurrent training (periodic and
refresher courses).

c. State authorities should develop periodic and technical training including supervisory courses
to maintain high-level knowledge and expertise for personnel to effectively execute their duties.

d. State authorities should not limit training to professional elements. Inspectors should be
provided with training applicable to CAA regulations, inspector skills, responsibilities, and
enforcement.

2.5.2. Paragraph 3.5.1.6 notes the importance of the CAA having inspectors with a mix of disciplines to
adequately oversee their aviation industry.

2.5.3. ICAO 9760, Part II: 3.1.3. states that the CAA must be staffed with qualified and experienced
personnel capable of successfully undertaking the wide variety of required tasks. CAAs should ensure
they attract and retain technically competent staff with the credibility and competence to interact with
industry in an efficient and effective manner.

2.5.4. ICAO Doc. 8335, Part I, Paragraph 6.2.6 states that the satisfactory execution of the various
functions of the CAA Inspectorate depends to a large extent on the qualifications, experience,
competence and dedication of individual inspectors.

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 Chapter 3. Qualification Standards for Employment of
Inspectors for the Flight Standards Directorate

3.1 Qualification Standards

3.1.1. Aviation Safety Inspectors conduct highly technical work and occupy sensitive and authoritative
positions as representatives of the CAA and the national government. It is essential that new inspector
candidates meet the highest standards of competence and integrity. Ideally a CAA inspector should be
at least as qualified as the personnel to be inspected or supervised.

3.1.2. As noted in the previous chapter, ICAO Doc 9734, Part A, Paragraph 3.5.2.1 states that State
authorities must identify the minimum professional qualifications for technical personnel performing
safety oversight functions. These minimum requirements are called qualifications standards. They
may include specific job-related work experience, education, medical or physical standards, training,
security, and/or licensure. These qualification standards are the criteria that a CAA will advertise in its
hiring announcements for its employees.

3.1.3. Thus it is vitally important that the qualifications, previous experience and personal
characteristics of each person employed, whether directly or on contract, to perform licensing,
certification, inspection and surveillance duties be verified and carefully evaluated before selections are
made as noted in both ICAO Doc Part A, Para. 3.5.1.2 and ICAO Doc 8335, Part 1, Para. 6.2.6.

3.1.4. Traditionally, inspectors of the Flight Standards Directorate have been classified as either
operations or airworthiness (maintenance or continuing airworthiness) inspectors. As an inspector
gained experience within the CAA, the inspector might specialize in specific areas, such as dispatch or
flight simulation for operations inspectors or avionics for airworthiness inspectors. Both operations and
airworthiness inspectors would have personnel licensing responsibilities, and possibly cabin safety
responsibilities. An example of these responsibilities is in the table below. Under this traditional
classification, an inspector specialising in a specific area would be subject to the traditional hiring
qualification standards and the traditional CAA full inspectors training program.

Operations Airworthiness
Dispatch
Flight Simulation Avionics
Personnel Licensing/Designated Personnel Licensing/Designated
Examiners/Approved Training Organisations Examiners/Approved Training Organisations
(ATO) (ATO)
Cabin Safety Cabin Safety

Traditional Inspector Classification and Specialisation

3.1.5. Due to advances in competence based training, there is an emerging classification of inspectors
of the Flight Standards Directorate in qualification standards for hiring and for training requirements for
specialty areas, such as Dispatch Inspectors, Flight Simulation Inspectors, and Cabin Safety
Inspectors. Further, some CAA’s have established positions for Personnel Licensing Inspectors,
although in most instances, as noted in ICAO Doc 9379, some personnel licensing responsibilities,
such as surveillance and resolution of safety issues, remain with the operations or airworthiness
inspectors. An example of these emerging responsibilities is in the table below.

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 Operations Airworthiness Licensing Flight Dispatch Cabin Safety
Simulation
Avionics Flight Crew
Maintenance
Examiner
ATO

Emerging Inspector Classification and Specialisation

3.1.6. However a CAA determines to classify its inspectors, it is imperative that, based on the
responsibilities of the job, that the proper qualification standards are used for the hiring of inspectors
and the applicable training identified and available for the inspector in the inspector’s training profile
once in the employ of the CAA. Examples of qualification standards for inspector hiring are presented
below. Inspector training profiles are discussed in Chapter 6.

3.2 Qualifications for Inspectors Operations, Airworthiness (Maintenance) and Personnel Licensing
3.2.1 General Qualifications

3.2.1.1. ICAO Document 8335, Part I, Paragraph 6.2.6; ICAO Document 9734, Part A, Paragraph
3.5.1.2 and ICAO Document 9760, Part II, Paragraph 3.1.3 all speak to the knowledge, skills and
abilities (KSA) of individuals that are required of a successful aviation safety inspector that CAA’s
should consider in the recruitment and hiring process.

a. technical competency in performing certification, inspection and surveillance functions,

b. possess a high degree of integrity,
c. be impartial in carrying out their tasks,
d. possess Interpersonal communication and behavioral skills, such as tact, have a good
understanding of human nature, good communication skills;
e. possess aeronautical licences, certificates or academic degrees commensurate with their job
responsibilities (e.g. engineering degrees, technician/engineer/mechanic certificate with
airframe and powerplant ratings, electronics technician ratings).

3.2.1.2. ICAO Document 8335, Part I, Paragraph 6.2.3 notes that while not absolute, the qualifications
and experience requirements below provide important guidelines for initial employment of new
inspectors.

a. Broad air transport background of five years or more.

b. Experience with the problems of operating or maintaining transport aircraft.
c. Meteorological and climatological knowledge and experience.
d. Experience in technical training including visual aids, training devices and aircraft flight
simulators.
e. Reputation for possessing qualities of initiative, tact, tolerance and patience.
f. Experience in auditing techniques, desirable.

Note: The experience in auditing techniques, while required, can be provided by the CAA, using a
suitable training course and subsequent supervised practical auditing experience

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 3.2.2 Additional Qualifications for Operations Inspectors

3.2.2.1. In addition to the general qualifications in 3.2.1 above, ICAO Document 8335, Part I,
Paragraph 6.2.4 lists the following additional qualifications as recommended for operations inspectors.

a. At least 5000 hours as a pilot-in-command of in aircraft commensurate with the inspector’s

intended duties:

Note: The flight experience of new hire inspectors should be commensurate with their intended
duties. For instance, inspectors who will work with air operator certificate holders will require
flight time in civil or military transport type aircraft while inspectors who will work only in general
aviation would not require flight time in transport type aircraft.

b. Current Airline Transport Pilot Licence if inspector is to be conducting line or flight crew checks.

Note: Most States will accept a Commercial Pilot Licence with Instrument Rating in lieu of an
Airline Transport Pilot Licence.

c. Previous appointments either in operational management, as an airline pilot or training

instructor, or as a military pilot where experience in air transport operations would have been
acquired.

3.2.3. Additional Qualifications for Airworthiness Inspectors

3.2.3.1. In addition to the general qualifications in 3.2.1 above, ICAO Doc 8335, Part I, Para. 6.2.5 lists
the following additional qualifications as recommended for airworthiness inspectors.

a. Hold an aircraft mechanic/aviation maintenance technician licence with relevant airframe and
powerplant ratings.
b. Knowledge, background and experience in continuing airworthiness management including:
i. aircraft maintenance programme development, approval and control, including
applicable reliability programmes;
ii. approval of modifications and repairs;
iii. maintenance release;
iv. applicability of airworthiness directives and operational directives with a continuing
airworthiness impact;
v. correction or deferment of defects;
vi. coordination of scheduled maintenance, the application of airworthiness directives, the
replacement of life-limited parts and the inspection of components;
vii. management of continuing airworthiness records;
viii. mass and balance statement management;
ix. airworthiness requirements of relevant parts of operations specifications; and
x. knowledge of quality systems.

3.2.3.2. Airworthiness Inspector — Avionics

3.2.3.2.1. In addition to the qualifications in 3.2.1 and 3.2.3.1 above, the candidate for initial
employment as an airworthiness inspector – avionics should have the following qualifications:

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 a. Aircraft avionics experience involving the maintenance, repair, and troubleshooting of installed
avionics systems on aircraft;
b. Avionics maintenance experience on aircraft of more than 5,700 kg maximum certificated
takeoff weight.
c. Aircraft avionics work experience, which could include supervision or auditing, in an approved
maintenance organisation, air carrier repair facility, and military repair facility within the past
three years.

3.2.4. Additional Qualifications for Personnel Licensing Inspectors

3.2.4.1. Qualifications for all Personnel Licensing Inspectors

In addition to the general qualifications in 3.2.1 above, ICAO Doc 9379, Part I, Par. 2.4 and Appendix A,
lists the following additional qualifications as recommended for personnel licensing inspectors.

a. Hold an appropriate grade and level of licence relevant to the assigned examination topic or
training organization;
b. Have a thorough knowledge of the licensing system;.
c. Have knowledge of and ability to apply and interpret the regulations, policies and guidance of
the State;
d. Have no personal or professional conflicts of interest with the examination functions;
e. Be an experienced and current practitioner in his/her specialist area;
f. Hold an appropriate grade and level of licence relevant to the assigned examination topic or
training organization;
g. Have a strong background in training and assessment; and
h. Have excellent written language skills.

3.2.4.1.2 Additional Requirements for Personnel Licensing Inspectors of Flight Crew Licences

In addition to the general qualifications in 3.2.1 and 3.2.4.1. above, the PEL inspector responsible for
flight crew licences are recommended to have the following qualifications.

a. Flight instructor licence with single and multi-engine aeroplane and instrument aeroplane
ratings.
b. Medical certificate issued in accordance with ICAO Class I medical assessment standards.
c. A minimum of 200 hours of flight instruction in an aircraft.
d. Professional flying skill as demonstrated in a flight check to the skill standards of a commercial
pilot with instrument rating.

3.2.4.1.3. Additional Requirements for Personnel Licensing Inspectors of Maintenance Licences

In addition to the general qualifications in 3.2.1 and 3.2.4.1. above, the PEL inspector responsible for
maintenance licences are recommended to have the following qualifications.

a. Hold an aircraft mechanic/aviation maintenance technician licence with relevant airframe and
powerplant ratings;
b. Have experience involving the maintenance of and repair of airframes, powerplants, and
aircraft systems with responsibility for certifying airworthiness;
c. Have maintenance experience with aircraft 5,700 kg or more maximum certificated takeoff
weight;

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 d. Have aircraft maintenance experience in an approved maintenance organisation, or air carrier
repair facility or military repair facility; and
e. Have aircraft maintenance work experience within the last three years.

3.2.4.1.2 Approved Training Organisation Inspector

In addition to the qualifications in 3.2.1, 3.2.4.1 and either 3.2.1.4.1. or 3.2.1.4.2 as applicable, the
qualifications for an ATO inspector should have the following, as noted in ICAO Doc 9379, Part 1,
Appendix A, paragraph 5.

a. Experience assisting, conducting, or performing various technical functions related to

certification, surveillance, investigation, and enforcement activities associated with aviation
training organisations.
b. Additional experience may be in investigating and reporting on accidents, incidents, and
violations; and evaluating the overall operational programs of air carriers and similar
commercial carriers.
c. Knowledge of enforcement procedures and ability to prepare factual and documented reports.
Knowledge of regulations, orders and other directives relating to air operator and maintenance
operations.
Ability to gather, analyze and evaluate information and determine its consistency with safety
standards.

3.3. Other Inspector Qualifications – Dispatch, Flight Simulation, Cabin Safety

3.3.1. Aircraft Dispatch Inspector

The qualifications for hiring as an aircraft dispatch inspector are the following:

a. Must have good vision and hearing (glasses/contact lenses and hearing aides permitted) and
does not have any physical condition that would cause them to be a hazard to themselves or
others that would interfere with their ability to fly as passengers in a variety of aircraft.
b. Must hold Aircraft Dispatcher/Flight Operations Officer licence
c. Within the past three years has at least two years of experience as a dispatcher/flight
operations officer for air operator scheduled domestic and/or scheduled international
operations; and
d. Within the past three years has at least one year of experience in at least one of the following
positions:
i. Air Transportation Supervisor (ATS);
ii. Designated aircraft dispatcher examiner
iii. An aircraft dispatcher with primary responsibility for developing, creating, and /or
revising dispatch manuals and procedures which require a comprehensive knowledge
of CAA regulatory requirements and current CAA policy for an air carrier engaged in
commercial air transport operations; or
iv. A dispatch instructor for an air carrier engaged in commercial air transport operations.

3.3.2 Flight Simulation Inspector

The candidate for hiring as an operations or personnel licensing inspector – flight simulation are
recommended to have the following qualifications.

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 a. Must have good vision and hearing (glasses/contact lenses and hearing aides permitted)
and does not have any physical condition that would cause them to be a hazard to
themselves or others that would interfere with their ability to fly as passengers in a variety
of aircraft
b. A valid, unexpired Flight Instructor licence with single and multi-engine airplane and
instrument airplane ratings;
c. A minimum of 200 hours of flight instruction in an aircraft;
d. Professional flying skill as demonstrated in a flight check to Commercial Pilot Certificate
with an instrument rating;
e. Possession of Airline Transport Pilot Certificate or Commercial Pilot Certificate with
instrument airplane rating; minimum of 100 flight hours in the last 3 years; minimum of
1,500 total flight hours; possession of single and multi-engine land airplane ratings; and
f. Knowledge, background and experience in simulators including:
i. Flight simulator qualification and approval procedures,.
ii. Regulations with emphasis on air carrier and training center training programs, and
iii. Ability to compare and evaluate aerodynamic and simulator data to determine the
performance of a flight simulation device.

3.3.3 Cabin Safety Inspector

The candidate for hiring as a cabin safety inspector should have the following qualifications.

a. Must have good vision and hearing (glasses/contact lenses and hearing aids permitted) and
does not have any physical condition that would cause them to be a hazard to themselves or
others that would interfere with their ability to fly as passengers in a variety of aircraft.
b. Three years of experience within the past three years in a passenger-carrying multi-engine
aircraft over 5,700 kg maximum certificated takeoff weight.
c. Knowledge, background and experience in cabin safety to include all of the following:
i. Cabin safety policy and CAA regulatory requirements;
ii. Flight attendant air carrier duties and responsibilities;
iii. Cabin safety operations;
iv. Air carrier cabin safety emergency procedures and associated training;
v. Passenger handling practices; and emergency and safety equipment located in the
aircraft cabin; and
vi. Experience in cabin safety emergency procedures implementation and/or instruction
including installation or use of emergency equipment in the cabin

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 Chapter 4: Position Descriptions for Inspectors of the Flight Standards Directorate

4.1.1. Each employee in the CAA should have a position description (PD). A PD is a document which
lays out an employee’s major duties, responsibilities, organizational relationships, scope of work, and
amount of supervision when performing job tasks. The document may generally be divided into the
sections of: position summary; duties and responsibilities; and controls over the position.

4.1.2. The position summary is a statement of the primary purpose of the position and its relationship
to the organization.

4.1.3. The duties and responsibilities are a listing of the major important, regular, and recurring duties
and responsibilities assigned to the position. Generally the major duties are those that occupy a
significant portion of the employee's time. They should be only those duties currently assigned,
observable, identified with the position's purpose and organisation, and expected to continue or recur
on a regular basis over a period of time, such as one year. It is not necessary to describe in detail the
specific steps needed to carry out a duty; normally a few key identifying words will cover the work
sufficiently. There will likely be some minor duties that an employee will perform on an occasional
basis. For the PD, a statement, such as “Performs other duties as assigned,” covers such situations
adequately.

4.1.4. The controls over the position states how the work is assigned, the kind of supervision and
guidance received, and the kind of review given to work in process or upon completion.

4.1.5. Some PDs contain a statement of any special qualification requirements, such as a specific
licence or language skill. Given the very specific and detailed qualification standards for the hiring of an
ASI, as discussed in Chapter 3 of the circular, this may not be necessary as long as the CAA has each
ASI PD identified with its corresponding qualification standard.

4.1.6. All position descriptions should include a cover statement signed by the immediate supervisor
certifying to the accuracy of the position description, and the appropriate CAA human resources
department expert certifying the classification of the position.

4.1.7. Usually a CAA will have a standard PD for each ASI specialty – operations, airworthiness, or
personnel licensing at each of the levels of experience of the ASI (new hire, journeyman, or principal
inspector).

4.1.8. It is important that the PD of each ASI specialty be kept up to date as the complexity of the
CAA’s aviation environment changes. It is also important that the PD of each ASI be kept up to date as
his/her experiences and expertise progresses throughout the CAA.

4.1.9. Appendix A contains position descriptions for newly hired and principal aviation safety inspectors
specializing in air operations, airworthiness, avionics, cabin safety and aircraft dispatch areas.

17
 Chapter 5 Competency-Based Training and Assessment

5.1 Requirement for Inspector Training

5.1.1. ICAO Document 8335, Part I, Chapter 6, 6.1, notes that the CAA is responsible for establishing
and controlling the competencies of its safety inspectors and for this purpose, it should establish
training or take other actions to reach the established level of competency, and evaluate the
effectiveness of these actions. Further the CAA should ensure safety inspectors are competent to carry
out the tasks assigned to them and that they are aware of the consequence of their actions for aviation
safety.

5.1.2. ICAO Document 9868, Chapter 2, 2.2.1, notes that training shall be based on a systematic
approach whereby competencies and their standards are defined, training is based on the
competencies identified, and assessments are developed to determine whether these competencies
have been achieved. Paragraph 2.2.2 of that document notes that competency-based approaches to
training and assessment shall include at least the following features:

a. the justification of a training need through a systematic analysis and the identification of
indicators for evaluation;
b. the use of a job and task analysis to determine performance standards, the conditions under
which the job is carried out, the criticality of tasks, and the inventory of skills, knowledge and
attitudes;
c. the identification of the characteristics of the trainee population;
d. the derivation of training objectives from the task analysis and their formulation in an
observable and measurable fashion;
e. the development of criterion-referenced, valid, reliable and performance-oriented tests;
f. the development of a curriculum based on adult learning principles and with a view to achieving
an optimal path to the attainment of competencies;
g. the development of material-dependent training; and,
h. the use of a continuous evaluation process to ensure the effectiveness of training and its
relevance to line operations.

5.2 Inspector Job Task Analysis

5.2.1. Training should directly support specific job duties to which the inspector has been assigned.
The ICAO Doc 9941, ICAO TRAINAIR Plus Training Development Guideline (TDG), notes in its course
development job analysis that any job can be broken down into a number of principal functions. These
job functions are usually listed in the job description of the post. The TDG further notes that each
function can be further broken down into a number of operations, which, depending on the level of
detail, are called tasks, sub-tasks or task elements. The relationship between function, task, sub-task
and task element is shown in the chart below.

18
5.2.2. The use of a standardized list of inspector job functions and job-tasks provides a basis for
developing a training system for inspectors. A comprehensive aviation safety oversight job function list
and the inspector tasks within those job duties has been developed for use in OJT programmes and in
the development of corresponding formal course training. These lists are numbered for each of
reference and comparison.

5.2.3. The inspector job functions can be coded into the general areas as follows, with each duty
further subdivided.
a. Admin/General Technical
b. Air Operations
c. Airworthiness Certification
d. Personnel Licensing
e. Emerging Technologies Approvals
f. Specialized Job Tasks
g. Surveillance
h. Resolution of Safety Issues

19
 Aviation Safety
Inspector Flight
Standards Directorate

Emerging
Admin/General Airworthiness Personnel Specialized Resolution of
Air Operations Technologies Surveillance
Technical Certification Licensing Job Tasks Safety Issues
Approvals

Tasks Tasks Tasks Tasks Tasks Tasks Tasks Tasks

Subtasks Subtasks Subtasks Subtasks Subtasks Subtasks Subtasks Subtasks

Task Elements Task Elements Task Elements Task Elements Task Elements Task Elements Task Elements Task Elements

Breakdown of an Inspector’s Job

5.2.4. A list of specific job tasks that comprise each of these eight job functions of an inspector is
contained in Appendix B. An Inspector OJT worksheet is contained in Appendix E. Each job task is
numbered so that formal inspector training can identify which specific job tasks are covered by a
course, and the CAA will have a means to track the practical/OJT training of its inspectors.

5.3. Job Task Analysis Worksheet

5.3.1. A job task analysis (JTA) is the process of specifying, in detail, how a task is to be performed,
including the subtasks and any task elements comprising each task, and the identification and
recording of the skills, knowledge and attitudes required to perform the task, and of the environment in
which it is to be performed.

5.3.2. The results of the JTA are documented on a template referred to as a JTA worksheet. Each JTA
worksheet is numbered with its corresponding task number. In addition to the specific task analysis
data listed in 5.3.1 above, the JTA worksheet will contain pertinent information as to the sponsoring
CAA department, the inspector specialty, the average time to perform the task, the
person(s)/department(s) validating the accuracy of the task analysis and any formal courses that
provide training on the particular task.

5.3.3. A JTA helps define the content of required inspector training of both training courses and OJT by
identifying the knowledge, skills, and abilities required to accomplish job task objectives and perform a
particular job function or particular parts of a job function.

5.3,4. Each JTA worksheet will contain a reference listing of all CAA documents identified in the JTA,
such as specific regulations, orders, and other controlling material, that describes how each task is to
be performed in accordance with those CAA documents. While many CAA’s will perform a task in the
same manner, all CAA’s will have their own regulatory and document system, unless covered by a
regional aviation authority with one set of aviation law, regulations and related guidance. Therefore it is
of critical importance that each CAA develop its own JTA worksheets customized to its own regulatory
system in order to properly carry out its safety oversight functions.

5.3.5. Since many CAA’s do not have their own CAA training academy, they must rely on training
courses developed by other CAA’s or other training providers. Thus the CAA’s customized JTA
worksheets become even more important in bridging the knowledge learned by inspectors in a training

20
course to actual application of this knowledge in the CAA’s own State through its own CAA OJT
program.

5.3.6. A JTA worksheet template with corresponding instructions is contained in Appendix C.

21
 Chapter 6. Inspector Training Courses

6.1.General Training Guidelines

6.1.1. ICAO Document 8335, Part I, Section 6.3, provides some basic guidelines for training of aviation
safety inspectors. Included in the guidance are specific recommendations regarding course training –
classroom, web-based, etc. -- and practical training. All CAA inspector training is considered on-the-job
training (OJT). The OJT comprises three levels. The training courses – demonstration of knowledge -
are referred to as OJT Level 1. The practical training –demonstration of skill -- is conducted in OJT
Levels 2 and 3.

6.1.2. Training courses should address initial training for the newly hired inspector and continuation
training for inspector throughout the inspector’s employment with the CAA. Continuation training
covers specialization for specific job functions and refreshing or updating of training previously taken in
an earlier course.

6.1.3. CAA’s must also ensure that their inspectors who are required to hold personnel licences
maintain their licence currency.

6.1.4. Further, ICAO Document 8335, Part 1, Paragraph 6.3.2.4 notes that only through periodic
practical and specialized theoretical training, both technical and supervisory, can the CAA inspectorate
manpower be used effectively and CAA personnel maintain a high level of expertise. The net result of
such training is better job performance and greater respect from the operator.

6.1.5. This chapter will focus on inspector training courses for inspector job functions and related tasks.
The corresponding inspector practical training will be discussed in Chapter 7.

6.2 Initial Training

6.2.1 Functions and Tasks to be Covered

6.2.1.1 The initial training of an inspector to reach a minimum level of competency usually takes 12 to
18 months. The initial training should comprise a series of standard, predetermined courses that
address the basic functional areas of an inspector. Each new hire inspector will take the same series of
new hire courses relevant to his/her specialty to ensure consistency and standardization of training.
This initial training period is commonly referred to as indoctrination training. In most CAA’s, a new hire
inspector must successfully complete the indoctrination training, which includes corresponding OJT,
before receiving credentials as an inspector.

6.2,1.2. ICAO Document 8335: Part 1, Paragraph 6.3.1.1 states that the initial training of CAA
inspectorate staff should consist of a competency-based instruction with respect to CAA regulations
and procedures. Newly engaged inspectors should accompany experienced staff on inspections for a
practical introduction to the tasks.

6.2.1.3. In application, the CAA may have a series of courses for newly hired inspectors that focus on
both CAA administrative procedures as well as both general and specific inspector technical
competencies and job tasks. In order to provide new hire inspectors with a sound foundation for the
work of the Flight Standards Department, tasks from at least the following inspector job function areas
should be taught in the inspector initial training courses.

a. Administrative/General Technical;

22
 b. Air Operations;
c. Personnel Licensing;
d. Surveillance; and
e. Resolution of safety issues.

6.2.1.4. The CAA may have one course that covers each of these functional areas. However it is more
likely that the CAA will have more than one course in each of these areas to fully cover the al the tasks
in a particular function. The basic, foundational tasks that should be addressed in initial training in each
of these functions in 6.2.1.3 are discussed below.

6.2.2 Administrative/General Technical Courses

6.2.2.1. The CAA should have training courses designed to provide a new employee with orientation
courses, such as the history of the CAA, ICAO obligations, normal office procedures, ethics standards,
computer skills, use of software, information technologies, and administrative procedures related to
such tasks as time and attendance, leave, salary, retirement, and employee conduct and discipline.
Orientation will likely cover many courses ranging from the administrative duties of a CAA employee to
an overview of the more technical aspects of inspector job functions.

6.2.2.2. Administrative courses may cover the following topics, including use of any CAA computer
systems for basic CAA administration:
a. Overview of the CAA;
b. Overview of the CAA’s Flight Standards Inspectorate;
c. Employee benefits;
d. Time and attendance;
e. Employee training and development;
f. Managing Resources;
g. Employee ethics
h. Labor union agreement;
i. Conduct and discipline;
j. Travel;
k. CAA Security.

6.2.2.3. ICAO Document 8335: Part 1, Paragraph 6.3.1.2 notes that the initial training should also
cover at least the following general technical areas, which may be covered in individual courses, such
as SMS, or included in the certification, surveillance and investigation courses:
a. auditing techniques and CAA auditing procedures;
b. safety management systems and quality systems;
c. human factors principles; and
d. training for the specific role and tasks of the inspector, with emphasis on those areas
requiring an approval by the CAA.

6.2.3 Air Operations

6.2.3.1. The CAA should have training courses designed to provide the knowledge and skill that are
required to be successful in the performance of job tasks related to the certification of air operators.

6.2.3.2. Air operator certification course(s) should address the following areas consistent with the
nature and extent of the operations specified below:
a. an adequate organisation,

23
 b. method of control and supervision of flight operations,
c. training programmes,
d. ground handling and maintenance arrangements, as identified in ICAO Annex 6, Part I,
4.2.1.3, and the individual tasks that comprise each of these areas as listed in
Attachment E to ICAO Annex 6, Part 1.

6.2.3.3. Some air operator certification courses for airworthiness inspectors, such as the ICAO
Government Safety Inspector Course 18701, include the certification of aviation maintenance repair
organisations, known as approved maintenance organisations (AMO). The AMO certification tasks
should be considered for initial training if the CAA’s regulations require that an air operator certificate
holder performing its own maintenance also be certificated as an AMO.

6.2.4 Personnel Licensing

6.2.4.1. The CAA should have training courses designed to provide the knowledge and skill that are
required to be successful in the performance of job tasks related to the licensing of aviation personnel.

6.2.5 Surveillance

6.2.5.1. The continued validity of certificates, licences and approvals issued by the CAA is dependent
upon the certificate or licence holder maintaining the terms of issuance under the continuing
supervision of the CAA. ICAO Document 9734, Part I, Paragraph 3.5.1.5 notes that this involves the
timely inspection by qualified inspectors of all civil aviation activities, including an ongoing periodic
surveillance for the duration of the certificate or licence.

6.2.5.2. The CAA should have training courses designed to provide the knowledge and skill that are
required to be successful in the performance of job tasks related to the surveillance of certificate and
licence holders.

6.2.5.3. ICAO Document 8335 5.4.4 notes that while it is impractical to attempt to detail the guidance
necessary to cover every situation and problem that might confront the inspection staff, CAA inspectors
are expected to accomplish some or all of the following tasks as they relate to a particular specialty:

a. conduct routine inspections such as the inspection of a station facility, apron, en-route
operation and base and carry out oversight or checks considered necessary at
prescribed intervals;
b. assess the effectiveness of the operator’s SMS and the level of resources allocated to it;
c. conduct such inspections or oversight in accordance with an established work
programme and applicable standard procedures and instructions;
d. advise the operator, in writing, of any significant deficiency, requesting a proposal for
remedial action;
e. conduct follow-up on inspection reports to ensure that appropriate action has been taken
in a timely manner;
f. submit reports on each inspection in the manner prescribed, and complete and process
the applicable inspection forms;
g. continuously review the operator's pertinent documentation (e.g. operations,
maintenance, training and MCMs), company policies, operating instructions and
information to staff and system of amendments to determine whether they are accurate
and made available in a timely manner to persons requiring their use;

24
 h. keep appropriate CAA inspectorate staff informed on all aspects of the current operation
and projected developments in the company including changes in executive personnel, in
assigned responsibilities and in the certificate or licence holder organisation in general;
and
i. conduct qualification, approval and supervisory activities with respect to personnel
proposed as designated examiners by a certificate or licence holder.

6.2.5.4. While all of these tasks may not be covered in initial training, at a minimum, the initial training
should address the set up of the CAA’s annual surveillance work programme and subsequent tracking
of surveillance tasks performed.

6.2.6 Resolution of Safety Concerns

6.2.6.1. The CAA should have training courses designed to provide the knowledge and skill required to
be successful in the performance of job tasks related to the investigation of certificate and licence
holders, and to resolve any instances of noncompliance.

6.2.6.2. Training may cover the following tasks:

a. Accident and incident investigation;
b. Human factors;
c. Investigation and documentation of possible violations of the basic aviation law or related
safety operating regulations and rules; and
d. Resolution of safety issues.

6.3 Continuation Training

6.3.1. The ICAO Document 8335, Part I, Paragraph 6.3.2.1 notes that the CAA inspectorate personnel
represent the authority and, as such, require the continuous development of their competencies related
to their respective responsibilities.

6.3.2 Typically, inspectors will complete their initial training over a 12 to 18 month time period. After
this initial training period, inspectors should continue to receive training throughout their CAA
employment as aviation safety inspectors. Continuation training should consist of specialty training for
inspectors required to implement an additional set of job task listed in their position description as well
as more in-depth or advanced training. Some of these courses will be provided once but a sub-set of
these courses should include recurrent training.

6.3.3. An advanced course prepares an inspector for the responsibilities of a journeyman inspector,
principle inspector, or inspection team leader. Such a course should aim to give the inspector an
understanding of and some competence in the subject area. Some advanced training could be
considered as recurrent training as it may build upon knowledge received in initial training.

6.3.4 The frequency of continuation may be as follows. Generally, inspectors should complete two
specialty or advanced training courses every three years, and recurrent training courses within three-
five years after completion of a course requiring recurrent training. Continuation training also requires
the corresponding OJT until an inspector has become completely proficient in a particular task or set of
tasks.

6.3.5. In addition to the continuation training, inspectors required to have a current and valid personnel
licence must maintain licence currency and proficiency. Further guidance to personnel license

25
proficiency is provided in ICAO Document 8335, Part I, Paragraph 6.3.2.3. In so far as possible, the
maintenance of licence qualifications and of an acceptable level of proficiency and knowledge of aircraft
performance, limitations, equipment, systems, operations, etc. will permit CAA inspectors to better
assess the knowledge, techniques and over-all competence of the personnel of an operator. For
example, flight operations inspectors should receive recurrent flight training on aircraft supplemented
periodically by training in a flight simulation training device. However, where circumstances require the
CAA inspector to supervise more than one operator, or where an operator uses several different types
of aircraft, it becomes extremely difficult and costly for an inspector to maintain pilot proficiency and
knowledge of aircraft systems and associated ground services for all types involved. In such cases it
may have to be accepted that CAA inspectors are not fully qualified on all aircraft types under their
jurisdiction

6.3.6. Continuous inspector training will occur in each of the eight flight standards job function areas.

6.4 Inspector Training Profiles

6.4.1. Each inspector specialty (operations, airworthiness, or personnel licensing) and each
specialization within an inspector specialty (e.. Dispatch, flight simulation, ATO), will have its own set of
advanced and recurrent training courses. As with initial training courses, each inspector specialty will
take the same series of advanced and recurring courses relevant to his/her specialization to ensure
consistency and standardization of training.

6.4.2. To ensure this uniformity of inspector training, the CAA should develop a list of training needed
by inspector specialization. In training terms, such a list is called a training profile. A training profile is a
list of recommended courses, with corresponding course numbers, based on common employee
specialties and positions. Training profiles are designed to cover an entire inspector’s career with the
CAA. Therefore the profiles will contain recommended training for a period of some twenty years or
more and will likely list over one hundred different training courses based on the level of specialization.
As an inspector changes specialties, his or her training profile will also change.

6.4.3. The CAA should periodically review each training profile series to ensure it is up to date. The
CAA should also periodically review each inspector’s training against his or her assigned training profile
to ensure that inspector training remains current.

6.4.4. A matrix containing possible courses for inspector training profiles is contained in Appendix D.
These profiles cover training for an inspector throughout the inspector’s career from initial training
through continuation training. Model profiles are provided for the inspector specialties of Operations,
Airworthiness/Maintenance and Personnel Licensing, and possible specialization within those
specialties.

6.5 Obtaining Inspector Training from Outside Sources

6.5.1. As discussed earlier, it is well understood that most CAAs do not have the resources, or perhaps
the regular demand, to have their own internal training facility to train CAA employees. The ICAO
Document 8335, Part 1, Paragraph 6.3.2.2 notes that more often, however, such training will need to be
obtained through courses offered by the manufacturers, private training facilities, other States or under
ICAO auspices.

6.5.2. The ICAO Document 8335, Part 1, Paragraph 6.3.2.2 also emphasizes that in order to maintain
good relationships and avoid possible embarrassment or controversy, it is not desirable for CAA

26
inspectorate personnel to acquire this training from an operator or organisation under their inspectional
jurisdiction.

6.5.3. Therefore, since many CAAs will rely on external training providers of some sort, it is imperative
that established relationships, agreements and/or contracts are in place so that CAA inspectors will
have access to timely, uniform and standardized training. Corresponding, the CAA inspector training
profiles will need to indicate the course number and provider of courses obtained from outside sources.

27
 Chapter 7 Conducting and Evaluating OJT

7.1 General Requirements

7.1.1 OJT is structured employee training conducted at a work site by the supervisor or another
employee as identified by the supervisor. This type of training provides direct experience in the work
environment in which the employee is performing or will be performing on the job.

7.2 Levels of OJT

7.2.1. OJT is presented in three stages or Levels of learning. Level I OJT is the basic background and
knowledge of a task, Level II is a further understanding of the function and conduct of the task,
including observation or assistance of the task being performed, and Level III is where trainees actually
perform the task themselves. These three levels provide for a progressive and structured field training
experience for anyone who has a need to learn a new job task.

Levels of OJT

Level I: Level II: Level III:

Performance
Knowledge → Understanding →
7.2.2. A formal Training Guidance Document (TGD) should be used by OJT Trainers to conduct OJT in
a consistent manner from task to task, and from trainee to trainee. The TGD should provide guidance
on the delivery of the training for all three levels and presents a standardized way to validate learning
and competency at all three levels so that the task can be signed off by the front line manager as
completed.

7.2.3. The following are some tips in planning for training of any given task:
a. OJT training levels I and II may be covered in the same session.
b. OJT Trainers should allow sufficient time between Levels II and III for the trainee(s) to
practice the task, since they will be required to perform it on their own for Level III.
c. Prior experience and completion of CAA approved training may be credited for the first
two levels of OJT, with the consent of the office manager and the trainee’s front line
manager.

7.3 Conducting and Evaluating OJT Level 1

7.3.1 Purpose of Level I training

7.3.1.1. Level I training focus is on the knowledge required for the task. The knowledge is contained in
orders, rules, guidance, standards, and definitions.

7.3.1.2. Successful completion of a training course may be used to successfully complete Level 1 OJT.

7.3.2 Level I Performance Objectives

7.3.2.1. Following this training, the trainee will be able to:

a. identify appropriate materials associated with the task
b. define key terms and definitions associated with the task

28
 c. describe how the task is documented
d. explain how the task is initiated
e. explain the Task Outcome(s)

7.3.3 Conducting Level I:

7.3.3.1. Begin by:

a. Putting trainees(s) at ease and establishing rapport;
b. Reviewing the prerequisites (if any) to determine what the trainee already knows about
the task;
c. Reviewing the performance objectives for the task and the purpose for Level I training.

7.3.3.2. The accomplishment of Level I should include a review of appropriate regulations, guidance,
and forms required for the task as found in the job task documents (JTA) in FSIMS. This may be done
in any of the following (or other similar) methods:
a. Have the trainee read through the materials on their own. Then you (the trainer) review
and discuss the material with the trainee prior to validating Level I completion.
b. Give the trainee the JTA documentation for the given task and have him/her gather and
research the resources from the JTA and any additional more current guidance and
discuss with the trainer.
c. Review the guidance with the trainee and/or present to the trainee (allowing for
questions), then validate Level I completion.
d. For two or more trainees at a time with the same task, have the trainees research and
review the guidance together. Then the training should review and discuss the material
with the trainees prior to validating Level I completion.

7.3.4. Validating Level I

7.3.4.1. To validate Level I OJT, the trainee must have an acceptable response to the following
measurements (unless any item is not applicable to the task [n/a]):

29
Task n/ Unacceptabl Unacceptabl Acceptable Acceptable
a e e
Trainee can Cannot Identifies Identifies Identifies all
identify identify some most materials
appropriate materials materials materials
materials
associated
with the task
(rules,
orders,
forms,
equipment,
etc.)
Trainee can Cannot define Defines some Defines most Defines all
define key terms terms terms terms
terms and
definitions
associated
with the task
Trainee can Cannot Explains Describes Describes all
describe explain task some task most methods and
how the task documentatio documentatio methods or forms for
is n n forms for documentatio
documented documentatio n
(in CAA n
forms,
reports,
computer
systems,
etc.)
Trainee can Cannot Explains Explains most Explains all
explain how explain some sources sources for sources for
the task is sources for for initiating initiating the initiating the
initiated initiating the the task task task
task
Trainee can Cannot Explains Explains most Explains all
explain the explain task some possible task possible task
task outcomes possible task outcomes outcomes
outcome(s); outcomes
(E.g.;
certificate
and/or
operations
specification
s issuance,
approval/
disapproval

7.4 Conducting and Evaluating OJT Level II

30
 7.4.1. Purpose of Level II training:

7.4.1.1. Level II training usually includes a demonstration, by the trainer or designee, of the specific job
task steps and procedures with trainee observation and/or assistance to achieve a level of
understanding.

7.4.2 Level II Performance Objectives

7.4.2.1. Following this training, the trainee will be able to:

a. Describe the sequence of steps to accomplish the task (as applicable);
b. Describe how appropriate materials (e.g., forms, equipment) are used to accomplish the
task;
c. Describe interactions among other CAA personnel required to accomplish the task; and
d. Describe coordination with operator required to accomplish the task.

7.4.3 Conducting Level II

7.4.3.1. Begin by:

a. Gathering any materials needed to perform the task. (The trainee may also do this)
b. Reviewing the performance objectives for the task and the purpose for Level II training
c. Reviewing what was covered in Level I training

7.4.3.2. The accomplishment of Level II should include a demonstration of the task itself. The trainer
should do the following as he conducts this training:
a. Explain what you will be doing by briefly reviewing the task steps;
b. Solicit any questions about the task before you begin;
c. Based upon the task and the comfort level of the trainee, determine whether or not it is
appropriate for the trainee to assist in the task or simply observe you doing the task;
d. You may also simply ask the trainee their preference — assist or observe;
e. Be sure that the environment is conducive to learning. For example, if you are performing
the task in the field, can the trainee(s) sufficiently see and hear you?
f. Ask the trainee for the next step(s) as you demonstrate the task; and
g. Ask questions about how the step is performed.

7.4.3.3. For tasks that are largely document-based, actual demonstration may not be applicable.
Therefore, Level II may be based on the review and discussion of sample or completed documentation.
For example, Level II for reviewing a manual could include the trainee reviewing a manual for which an
experienced inspector has already completed a review, and then comparing the trainee’s review to the
inspector’s completed review.

7.4.4. Validating Level II

7.4.4.1. To validate Level II OJT, the trainee must have an acceptable response to the following
measurements (unless any item is not applicable to the task [n/a]):

31
Task n/a Unacceptable Unacceptable Acceptable Acceptable
Trainee can describe the Cannot describe Describes Describes Describes all
sequence of steps to the sequence of some step most step step sequence
accomplish the task (as steps sequence sequence accurately
applicable)
Trainee can describe how Cannot describe Describes Describes Describes all
appropriate materials (e.g.; use of materials some use of most use of proper
forms, equipment) are used materials materials material use
to accomplish the task accurately
Trainee can describe Cannot describe Describes Describes Describes all
interactions among other interactions some most interactions
CAA personnel required to among CAA interactions interactions accurately
accomplish the tasks personnel accurately accurately
Trainee can describe Cannot describe Describes Describes Describes all
coordination with operator operator some operator most operator operator
required to accomplish the coordination coordination coordination coordination
task accurately

32
 7.5 Conducting and Evaluating OJT Level III

7.5.1 Purpose of Level III training

7.5.1.1. Level III training includes the trainee performing the task independently and accurately under
the observation of the OJT Trainer. The trainee may need more than one attempt to complete the task
successfully. After each attempt, the trainer should provide feedback and suggestions for improvement
for the next time.

7.5.2 Level III Performance Objectives

7.5.2.1. Following this training, the trainee will be able to:

a. demonstrate sufficient knowledge to complete the task proficiently
b. complete all steps necessary to accurately complete the task
c. complete steps in the proper order (as applicable)
d. perform the task without assistance
e. perform the task in a timely manner without undue hesitation

7.5.3 Conducting Level III:

7.5.3.1. Level III should be signed off ONLY when all requirements, including specific prerequisite
courses, are met.

7.5.3.2. Begin by:

a. Reviewing what was covered in Level II training
b. Reviewing the performance objectives for the task and the purpose for Level III training
c. Ask the trainee(s) if he/she has all of the materials necessary to perform the task
d. Explain expectations — that the trainee will complete the task accurately and without
assistance

7.5.3.3. Use the following Task Observation Guidelines as the trainee performs the task:
a. Check the steps as you observe using the materials provided in the JTA documentation
of the CAA.
b. Assist only if it is required as part of the task to have a second person. Do not offer
assistance
c. Circle omitted or incorrect steps to address with the trainee once the task is complete
d. STOP for unsafe or illegal actions. Discuss them with the trainee immediately before
completing the task.

7.5.3.4. Simulation is a form of training inspectors when simulation is the only way to train for the task,
such as an enroute inspection. When a task is simulated, the environment, conditions, equipment and
performance of the task must be as near the “real life” situation as possible. Simulation is not
prohibited, but if the office selects OJT tasks for inspectors that are normally done in that office, there
should be minimal simulation required. You (the trainer) may need to develop a brief scenario to let the
trainee know what they are looking for and why.

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 7.5.4. Validating Level III

7.5.4.1. To validate Level III OJT, the trainer must be able to answer “Yes” to all of the following
(unless any item is not applicable to the task [n/a]):

Task n/a Yes No

Did the trainee demonstrate sufficient knowledge to
complete the task proficiently?
Did the trainee complete all steps necessary to (accurately)
complete the task?
Were the steps completed in the proper order (as
applicable)?
Did the trainee perform the task without assistance?

Did the trainee perform the task in a timely manner without

undue hesitation?

7.6 Model OJT Worksheet

7.6.1. A CAA must document the OJT for each employee to ensure he or she receives experience in
all tasks pertinent to job assignments. This is typically done on a standardized CAA OJT worksheet
which contains all inspector functions and associated tasks. The OJT worksheet for each individual
inspector would be completed for the job functions and tasks that the inspector is to perform. The OJT
worksheet should form a part of the inspector’s permanent training record, as proof of the inspector’s
training and proficiency on the various inspector job functions and tasks as the inspector progresses
throughout his or her CAA employment.

7.6.2. A Model Inspector OJT worksheet is contained in Appendix E.

7.7. OJT Credit

7.7.1. Credit for all three levels of OJT is given at the discretion of the OJT Program Manager (PM).
Successful completion of each job task and level must be verified for each employee before giving
credit. OJT credit is documented in employee training records.

7.7.2. Employees may complete OJT job tasks only under the instruction and supervision of those
previously completing the job tasks themselves. In the event no employee has previously completed a
required OJT job task, a CAA may utilize a contractor or another CAA to provide instruction and
supervision of employees, assuming the training satisfies CAA requirements of the employees
receiving the instruction and supervision. Organizations outside of an employee’s CAA must provide
official paper or electronic records of all completed training, to include job task levels.

7.7.3. If an experienced employee has previously completed a job task, the OJT PM must review
records to ensure that the OJT element was completed satisfactorily and recently prior to granting OJT
credit. If the OJT PM determines that insufficient documentation of task completion exists, the task was
completed unsatisfactorily, or the task was conducted too long ago to be relevant, then no OJT credit
should be granted. Existing employees desiring to utilize prior training and experience for the
completion of OJT must be individually validated for each specific job task and level. The OJT PM
must document the course equivalency or other method providing such credit. Employee OJT training
records may be maintained in paper or electronic form and must be retained permanently.

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