Edexcel Functional Skills pilot

Maths Level 1
Chapter 1
Working with whole numbers

Section A 1 Reading and writing whole numbers 2

2 Ordering and comparing whole numbers 4

3 Rounding 5

4 Adding whole numbers 7

5 Subtracting whole numbers 9

6 Multiplying whole numbers 11

7 Squares and multiples 13

8 Multiplying larger numbers 14

9 Dividing whole numbers 16

10 Division with larger numbers 18

11 Solving word problems 20

12 Checking answers to calculations 22

13 Negative numbers 24

14 Remember what you have learned 25

© Pearson Education 2008 Functional Maths Level 1 • Chapter 1 • page 1 Draft for Pilot
 A Working with whole numbers
You should already know how to:
✓ count, read, write, order and compare numbers up to 1000
✓ add and subtract whole numbers with up to three digits
✓ multiply and divide two-digit numbers by single-digit
numbers
✓ approximate by rounding.

By the end of this section you will know how to:

read, write, order and compare large numbers
understand the symbols for greater than or less than
round numbers to the nearest 10, 100 or 1000
use a range of methods to add, subtract, multiply or divide
recognise squares and multiples
recognise negative numbers in context
use a calculator to check answers.

1 Reading and writing whole numbers

Learn the skill
Every digit in a number has a value, depending on its Remember
position in the number. This is called its place value.
The individual figures in a
You can use a place-value table to work out the value of number are called numerals
each digit. Write the digits, beginning from the right. or digits.
Example 1: Write the number 87 529 in words.

First, put the number in a place-value table.

M H Th T Th Th H T U
millions hundred ten thousands hundreds tens units
thousands thousands
8 7 5 2 9
The number 87 529 has 8 ten thousands, 7 thousands, 5 hundreds, 2 tens and 9 units.
Answer: eighty-seven thousand, five hundred and twenty-nine

Draft for Pilot Functional Maths Level 1 • Chapter 1 • page 2 © Pearson Education 2008
 Whole numbers A
When you write a cheque you have to write an amount in
words and figures.
Example 2: Write the number five million, one hundred and
two thousand and forty-five in figures.
Tip
Draw a place-value table and fill in the digits, from the right. Write 0 in the columns
to show there are no ten
M H Th T Th Th H T U
thousands and no hundreds.
5 1 0 2 0 4 5
Answer: 5 102 045

Try the skill

1. Ring the correct way of writing each number in words.
a 4 322
A Forty-three thousand and twenty-two
B Four thousand, three hundred and twenty-two

b 16 308
A Sixteen thousand, three hundred and eight
B One hundred and sixty-three thousand and eight

c 816 395
A Eight million, sixteen thousand, three hundred and
ninety-five
B Eight hundred and sixteen thousand, three hundred and
ninety-five

d 1 455 372
A One million, four hundred and fifty-five thousand, three
hundred and seventy-two
B One hundred and four million, fifty-five thousand, three
hundred and seventy-two

2. The population of a town was worked out to be twenty-three

thousand, four hundred and thirty. Write this number in figures.

3. Five hundred and sixty-six thousand, two hundred and

fifteen people visited a museum over the holiday period.
What is this number in figures?

4. In one year, a shop sold two million, four hundred and

twenty thousand, seven hundred and two music CDs.
Write this number in figures.

© Pearson Education 2008 Functional Maths Level 1 • Chapter 1 • page 3 Draft for Pilot
 2 Ordering and comparing whole
numbers
Learn the skill
You can put whole numbers in order by comparing the size of
their digits, as long as they are in the same place value.
Example 1: write these numbers in order of size, starting with the smallest.
303 203   330 320   33 332

First put the numbers into a place value table.

Compare digits in the H Th column. H Th T Th Th H T U
The first two numbers both begin with 3, 3 0 3 2 0 3
but there isn’t an entry for the third
number. This means that 33 332 is the 3 3 0 3 2 0
smallest number. 3 3 3 3 2

To find the next size number, look for the smallest digit in the
T Th column. This is zero, shown in red above. This means that
the next size number is 303 203.
Answer: 33 332 303 203 330 320

Try the skill

1. Put these numbers in order of size, starting with the smallest.
a. 4320 4302 43022
b. 707707   700777   7070770
c. 82258 80528 82288

2. A garage has three cars for sale. Their mileages are:

Car A 7 9 0 0 9
Car B 9 2 0 0 7
Car C 7 2 9 0 9
Which car has done the least mileage?

3. Three houses are for sale on the same street. The asking prices are £249 995, £259 599
and £249 959.
Which is the smallest selling price?

4. The table shows the lottery prize draw amounts for the last four weeks.
Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4
£2 605 506 £2 065 005 £2 506 605 £2 056 006
Which week had the highest amount in its prize draw?

Draft for Pilot Functional Maths Level 1 • Chapter 1 • page 4 © Pearson Education 2008
 Whole numbers A

3 Rounding
Learn the skill
You can round numbers to the nearest 10, 100 or 1000.
The value of the key digit tells you whether to round the
number up or down:
The key digit is immediately to the right of the place
value you are rounding to.
Round up when the key digit is 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9.
Round down when the key digit is 1, 2, 3 or 4.
If you are rounding to the nearest ten, then the key digit is
the units digit. Tip
A number line can help you
Example 1: Round 3457 to the nearest ten. decide whether to round up or
down.
The key digit is to the right of the tens digit: 3457 3457
The key digit, 7, is more than 5 so round up, from 57 to 60.
3450 3460
Answer: 3460
3457 is closer to 3460 than
If you are rounding to the nearest hundred, then the key digit 3450, so round up.
is the tens digit.
Example 2: Round 3457 to the nearest hundred. Tip
The key digit is the tens digit: 3457 The hundreds digit is to the
right of the thousands digit.
The key digit is 5 so round up, from 457 to 500.
Answer: 3500
If you are rounding to the nearest thousand, then the key
digit is the hundreds digit.
Example 3: Round 3 457 to the nearest thousand.

The key digit is the hundreds digit: 3457

As 4 is less than 5, round down, from 3457 to 3000.
Answer: 3000

Try the skill

1. Round these numbers to the nearest ten.

a 124 b 349 c 3985

© Pearson Education 2008 Functional Maths Level 1 • Chapter 1 • page 5 Draft for Pilot
 2. How many miles are shown on this car’s mileometer, to the
nearest ten miles?


3. Ring the number which is 725 rounded to the nearest ten: NQI
a 700 b 720 c 730

4. Ring the number which is 8 307 rounded to the nearest ten:

a 8000 b 8300 c 8310

5. Round each of these numbers to the nearest hundred.

a 3885 b 1946 c 12 011

6. Using a calculator, a bricklayer has worked out that he

needs 14 675 bricks for a job. What is this number to the
nearest hundred?

7. Ring the number which is 4356 rounded to the nearest 100:

a 4300 b 4350 c 4400

8. Ring the number which is 69 049 rounded to the nearest 100:

a 69 000 b 69 050 c 69 100

9. Round each of these numbers to the nearest thousand.

a 1500 b 13 499

10. Round each of these numbers to the nearest thousand.

a 3357 b 45 601 c 21 075

11. A woman earns £23 498 per year. How much is this, to the
nearest thousand pounds?

12. Ring the number which is 1 995 rounded to the nearest

thousand:
a 1000 b 1900 c 2000

13. Ring the number which is 33 744 rounded to the nearest

thousand:
a 30 000 b 33 000 c 34 000

Draft for Pilot Functional Maths Level 1 • Chapter 1 • page 6 © Pearson Education 2008
 Whole numbers A

4 Adding whole numbers

Learn the skill
Here are two different ways of adding numbers: Tip
■ The “traditional, column” method The important thing is to
■ The “partitioning” method. choose a method you like and
can use to get the correct
Both methods give the same answer. answer.
The traditional way to add numbers is to write them in a
column, with digits of the same place value lined up. You add
each column of digits, starting from the right.

The “traditional, column” method

Example 1: Work out 78 967 + 7827

Align the place values: 7 8 9 6 7

Work right to left:
1 71 8 21 7 +
Start here
8 6 7 9 4
7+0+1=8 8 + 7 + 1 = 16, 9 + 8 = 17, 6+2+1=9 7 + 7 = 14,
write 6, carry 1. write 7, carry 1. write 4, carry 1.

Answer: 86 794

The “partitioning” method

The partitioning method breaks the numbers up into parts
that have the same place value. You then add these parts.
Example 2: Work out 78 967 + 7 827

78 967 + 7827
Units: 7 + 7 = 14
Tens: 60 + 20 = 80
Hundreds: 900 + 800 = 1700
Thousands: 8000 + 7000 = 15 000
Tens of thousands: 70 000 + 0 = 70 000
Answer: 86 794

Try the skill

Use your preferred method to add the following numbers.
1. 13 236 + 2 592

© Pearson Education 2008 Functional Maths Level 1 • Chapter 1 • page 7 Draft for Pilot
 2. a 3 708 + 29 142 b 50 019 + 102
Tip
It may help to use a place-
value table to help you align
3. 12 789 + 18 521 the digits for the partitioning
method.

4. a 2 067 + 34 120 b 21 997 + 10 985

5. 869 + 1 037 + 43 454

6. A band played for two nights in the same town. The

audience figures for the two nights were 5879 and 4233.
How many people saw the band?

7. In three rounds of a computer game a boy scored 2346 Tip

points, 4559 points and 3008 points. How many points did
he score in total? Addition questions usually use
the words total or altogether.
8. At two semi-final football matches, the attendances were
34 236 and 19 474. How many attended the two matches
in total?

Mental strategies for adding: Using

number bonds
Example 1: 90 + 18 + 10 + 4 + 12 + 16 Tip
Try to add pairs of numbers
= 90 + 10 + 18 + 12 + 4 + 16
which will give you an answer
= 100 + 30 + 20 that is easy to remember e.g.
Answer: 150 4 + 16 = 20
Regrouping numbers like this makes it easier to add them in
your head.

Try the skill

Add these numbers in your head.
1. 2 + 15 + 8 + 5

2. 23 + 9 + 7 + 11

3. 18 + 36 + 12 + 14

4. 56 + 17 + 44 + 3

Draft for Pilot Functional Maths Level 1 • Chapter 1 • page 8 © Pearson Education 2008
 Whole numbers A

5 Subtracting whole numbers

Learn the skill
Here are two methods for subtracting numbers: Tip
■ The “traditional, column” method Choose a method you like and
■ The “adjust and amend” method. can use to get the correct
answer.
In the traditional method you write the bigger number above
the smaller number, lining up digits with the same place
values. Then subtract the digits in each column, starting from
the right. Remember
When you subtract one
number from another, you
The “traditional, column” method are finding the difference
between them.
Example 1: Work out 2373 – 676

Write the numbers in place-value columns. Subtract each

column, starting from the right.
12 13 67 13

5 2 6 –
1 8 4 7
Start here

Thousands:  undreds: You can’t

H Tens: 6 – 2 = 4 Units: You can’t take
1000 – 0 = 1000 take 500 from 300 6 from 3 so take 10
so take 1000 from from 70 (change 7
2000 (change 2 to 1): to 6): 13 – 6 = 7
1300 – 500 = 800

Answer: 1847

The “adjust and amend” method Tip

Example 2: 757 – 668 You don’t have to adjust 757
to 768. You can adjust either
number as you want: the aim
Adjust 757 to 768 because 768 – 668 is easier to subtract.
is to make the subtraction
To do this you need to add 11. easier!
Now do the subtraction: 768 – 668 = 100
Amend this answer by subtracting 11. Remember
Answer: 100 – 11 = 89
You need to subtract 11 here
to make up for adding 11
earlier.

© Pearson Education 2008 Functional Maths Level 1 • Chapter 1 • page 9 Draft for Pilot
 Try the skill
Use your preferred method to find the answers.
Tip
1. 13 436 – 7392
Check your answer makes
sense. 13 436 – 7 392 is about
13 000 – 7 000 = 6 000.
2. a 25 355 – 18 261 b 72 300 – 41 856 Is your answer close to 6000?

3. a 16 502 – 8169 b 63 713 – 37 088

4. a 27 405 – 18 637 b 80 326 – 79 488

Mental strategies for subtracting:

using counting on
To count on in jumps, you jump from the smaller number to
the bigger number. Add the jumps together to work out the
difference between the two numbers.
Example 2: Work out 1373 – 676

The number line below shows how to work out the jumps.

600
24 73
Tip
676 700 1300 1373
You don’t have to ‘jump’ like
Count on from 676 to 700: 24 this. You could for example
jump from 600 to 1000 and
Count on from 700 to 1300: 600 then to 1200. Choose jumps
Count on from 1300 to 1373: 73 + which you feel comfortable
with.
Add: 697
Answer: 697

Try the skill

Subtract these numbers in your head.
1. 602 – 493

2. 12 303 – 898 Tip

‘Counting on’ is a good
3. 18 497 – 502
method to use if you prefer
adding to subtracting.
4. 953 – 368

Draft for Pilot Functional Maths Level 1 • Chapter 1 • page 10 © Pearson Education 2008
 Whole numbers A

6 Multiplying whole numbers

Learn the skill
You can multiply numbers in any order. Tip
Example 1: Work out 3 × 5 × 12 Look for combinations of
numbers that are easy to
Here are two different ways. multiply.
1 First work out 3 × 5 = 15. 2 First work out 5 × 12 = 60.
Then work out 15 × 12 = 180. Then work out 3 × 60 = 180.
Answer: 180
The second way is probably the easiest, because the second
multiplication, 3 × 60, is easier than 15 × 12.
When you multiply a number by 10, all the digits in the
number move one place to the left.
Example 2: Work out 86 × 10

H T U
8 6 × 10
8 6 0 So, 86 × 10 = 860
Answer: 860
20 = 2 × 10. To multiply by 20, multiply by 2 first, then
multiply by 10.
Example 3: Work out 25 × 20

25 × 20 = 25 × 2 × 10 = 50 × 10 = 500
Answer: 500
When you multiply a number by 100, all the digits in
the number move two places to the left.
When you multiply a number by 1 000, all the digits in
the number move three places to the left.
Example 4: Work out a 86 × 100 b 86 × 1000 Remember
100 = 10 × 10
Th H T U 1000 = 10 × 10 × 10
8 6 Use these to break down the
8 6 0 × 10 calculation.
8 6 0 0 × 10
8 6 0 0 0 × 10
a 86 × 100 = 8600 Answer: 8 600
b 86 × 1000 = 86 000 Answer: 86 000

© Pearson Education 2008 Functional Maths Level 1 • Chapter 1 • page 11 Draft for Pilot
 Try the skill
See which of these questions you can work out in your head
Tip
1. a Work out 8 × 6 × 5 =
Some people remember how
b School meals cost £3.00 a day. How much will it cost a to multiply whole numbers
student to have school meals for four weeks? by 10 by writing zero on the
end of the number: e.g.
15 × 10 = 150
2. Work out: Do you think this is a good
a 23 × 10 = b 890 × 10 = c 10 × 64 = idea?

3. Photocopier paper costs £8 per box. How much do ten

boxes cost?

4. Work out:
a 21 × 40 = b 47 × 20 = c 122 × 30 = Tip
20 = 2 × 10
30 = 3 × 10
5. Potatoes cost 72 pence per kilogram. A cook buys a 50 kg 40 = 4 × 10
sack of potatoes. How much does he have to pay?

6. Work out:
a 3 × 100 = b 15 × 100 = c 100 × 26 =

7. Fifteen friends each put in £100 to buy a birthday present.

How much can they spend on the present?

8. Work out:
a 35 × 200 = b 56 × 300 = c 400 × 14 = Tip
200 = 2 × 100
300 = 3 × 100
9. Twenty charity workers each raise £200. How much do they 400 = 4 × 100
raise in total?

10. Work out:

a 24 × 1000 = b 60 × 1000 = c 1000 × 302 =

11. Carol earns £2000 per month as a part-time store manager.

How much does she earn in one year? Remember
Don’t forget to include units
(for money or measurements)
12. Work out: in your answers.
a 13 × 2000 = b 12 × 5000 = c 108 × 3000 =

Draft for Pilot Functional Maths Level 1 • Chapter 1 • page 12 © Pearson Education 2008
 Whole numbers A

7 Squares and multiples

Learn the skill

Multiples
These numbers are taken from the three times table.
3, 6, 9, 12, 15, ...
(1x3) (2x3) (3x3) (4x3) (5x3)
These numbers are called multiples of 3.
Example 1: Write down the first four multiples of 4.

1x4, 2x4, 3x4, 4x4

Answer: 4, 8, 12, 16
3
Squares 2
1 3
2
1
Area = 1 x 1 = 1   Area = 2 x 2 = 4   Area = 3 x 3 = 9
1, 4 and 9 are called square numbers.
Square numbers are the answers you get when you multiply Remember
whole numbers by themselves.
Multiples and squares are
Example 2: what is the next square number after 9? always whole numbers.

4 × 4 Answer: 16

Try the skill

1. 6, 12, 18, 24 are the first four multiples of six. What are the
next two multiples?

2. Write down the first five multiples of

a 5
b 10
c 7

3. What is the next square number after 16?

4. Circle all the square

4 25 30 7
numbers in this box. 49
1 64 56 36 100

© Pearson Education 2008 Functional Maths Level 1 • Chapter 1 • page 13 Draft for Pilot
 8 Multiplying larger numbers
Learn the skill
Here are two different ways of multiplying numbers. Tip
Choose a method you like and
The “traditional, column” method can use to get the correct
answer.
Write each number, one below another, with digits of the same
place value lined up, and use long multiplication.
Example 1: Work out 48 × 32

Write 48 and 32 in the grid. Line up the units.

Tip
4 8
Write the different parts
3 2 × carefully in the grid so
91 6 that the correct parts are
1 2 multiplied together.
14 4 0 +
1 5 3 6

Multiply by 2 first: Multiply by 30:

8 × 2 = 16, write 6, carry 1 write 0 in the units column
4 × 2 = 8, 8 + 1 = 9 3 × 8 = 24, write 4, carry 2
3 × 4 = 12, 12 + 2 = 14

Adding: 96 + 1440 = 1536

Answer: 1536

The “grid” method

Use place value to break or partition each number in the
multiplication into different parts.
Example 2: 48 × 32

Partition each number:

48 = 40 + 8
32 = 30 + 2
× 40 8
30 1200 240
2 80 16
Answer: 1 536

Draft for Pilot Functional Maths Level 1 • Chapter 1 • page 14 © Pearson Education 2008
 Whole numbers A

Try the skill

1. a 46 × 35 = b 23 × 19 = c 84 × 67 =

2. Twenty-seven friends each pay £25 for a day-trip on a boat.

How much do they pay in total?

3. Two hundred and fifty people each buy a £15 ticket for a
concert. How much was raised from ticket sales?

4. a 64 × 27 = b 58 × 45 = c 85 × 36 =

5. On average, 275 people attend a local swimming pool every

week. How many people go swimming in a year? Tip
52 weeks = 1 year.

6. A company employs 55 security guards. Each guard earns £7

an hour and works for 5 hours per day. How much does the
company pay in total per day?

© Pearson Education 2008 Functional Maths Level 1 • Chapter 1 • page 15 Draft for Pilot
 9 Dividing whole numbers
Learn the skill
You should know how to divide by small numbers.
Example 1: Work out 60 ÷ 4
1 5
60 ÷ 4 can be written as: 4 ) 6 20
6 ÷ 4 = 1 with remainder 2, write 1 above the 6, carry the 2.
20 ÷ 4 = 5, write 5 above the 0.
Answer: 15
When you divide a number by 10, all the digits in the
number move one place to the right.
Tip
Example 2: 250 ÷ 10 Division is the opposite
of multiplication, so the
All the digits move one place to the right. opposite rules apply.
H T U
2 5 0
2 5 ÷ 10
Answer: 25
When you divide a whole number by 100, all the digits in
the number move two places to the right.
Example 3: 4800 ÷ 100

All the digits move two places to the right.

Th H T U
4 8 0 0
4 8 0 ÷ 10
4 8 ÷ 100
÷ 10
Answer: 48
20 = 2 x 10. To divide by 20, divide by 10 then divide by 2.
Example 4: 240 ÷ 20

Divide the number by 10 first, then divide the result by 2.

240 ÷ 20 = 240 ÷ 10 ÷ 2
= 24 ÷ 2 = 12
Answer: 12

Draft for Pilot Functional Maths Level 1 • Chapter 1 • page 16 © Pearson Education 2008
 Whole numbers A

Try the skill

Work out these divisions:
Tip
1. a 24 ÷ 8 = b 36 ÷ 4 =
You can make divisions in
c 64 ÷ 4 = d 96 ÷ 6 = question 1 easier by halving
both numbers.
2. a 7 ) 6 3 b 9)72 e.g. 32 ÷ 8 is the same as
16 ÷ 4 or 8 ÷ 2
3. a What is twenty-five divided by five?
Answer: 4

b Share £45 equally among five people.

Tip
c Split £72 into six equal shares. A question that includes
shares or sharing usually
means you need to divide.
4. a 200 ÷ 10 b 1560 ÷ 10 c 2030 ÷ 10

Tip
Some people remember how to
5. a 230 ÷ 10 b 4050 ÷ 10 c 600 ÷ 10 divide whole numbers by 10,
by removing the zero from the
end: e.g. 150 ÷ 10 = 15
Does this always work?
6. a 1300 ÷ 100 b 24 600 ÷ 100 c 30 500 ÷ 100

Tip
7. Circle the correct answer. If a whole number ends with 2
zeros, dividing this number by
a 75 300 ÷ 100 = A 753 B 7 503 C 7530 100 is the same as removing 2
b 120 400 ÷ 100 = A 1204 B 2 040 C 1240 zeros: e.g 1500 ÷ 100 = 15

8. a 360 ÷ 30 b 2700 ÷ 90 c 5400 ÷ 20

Tip
30 = 3 x 10
50 = 5 x 10
9. Circle the correct answer. 80 = 8 x 10
a 450 ÷ 50 = A 9   B 90 90 = 9 x 10
b 6400 ÷ 80 = A 8   B 80   C 800

10. a 1500 ÷ 300 b 4800 ÷ 400 c 56 000 ÷ 800

11. Circle the correct answer.

a 35 000 ÷ 500 = a 70   b 700   c 7000
b 28 000 ÷ 200 = a 14   b 140   c 1400

© Pearson Education 2008 Functional Maths Level 1 • Chapter 1 • page 17 Draft for Pilot
10 Dividing with larger numbers
Learn the skill
Here are two useful methods for dividing by bigger numbers: Tip
■ The ”traditional method“ Choose the method you prefer
■ The ”repeated subtraction“ method. and that gives you the right
answer.

The “traditional, column” method

This method is similar to short division.
Example 1: Work out 672 ÷ 12
Tip
This short method of division
Set it out as a normal short division. can be difficult if you don’t
5 6 know your tables very well.
12) 6 7 72
Or set it out as long division like this.
5 6
)
12 6 7 2
6 0
Start here 7 2

12 won’t divide into 6, try Take 60 from 67 Bring down the 2, 72 ÷ 12 = 6, so

12 into 67. and write 7 on to give 72 on the write 6 above
60 ÷ 12 = 5, so write 5 the next line. bottom. the 2.
above the 7.

Answer: 56
Tip
The “repeated subtraction” method Draw up a table of multiples:
In this method, you break the division into smaller steps, by 2 × 12 = 24
subtracting until there is nothing left.
5 × 12 = 60
Example 2: Work out 672 ÷ 12 10 × 12 = 120
20 × 12 = 240
Subtract the highest multiple below 50 × 12 = 600
12) 6 7 2 672 (600). 672 – 600 = 72. 100 × 12 = 1200
6 0 0 = 50 × 12
7 2
6 0 = 5 S ubtract the highest multiple
× 12
1 2 below 72 (60). 72 – 60 = 12.
1 2 = 1 × 12
Subtract 12: 12 – 12 = 0.
Remember
0 56 × 12
Multiples are the answers in
Answer: 56 the times tables.

Draft for Pilot Functional Maths Level 1 • Chapter 1 • page 18 © Pearson Education 2008
 Whole numbers A

Try the skill

1. Use your preferred method to work out these divisions.
Tip
a 13 ) 2 3 4 b 11 ) 5 1 7 There are different ways of
dividing with larger numbers.
It is important to choose a
method that you like and can
use to get the correct answer.

c 14 ) 3 2 2 d 15 ) 2 5 5

e 405 ÷ 15 f 875 ÷ 25

g 592 ÷ 16 h 1512 ÷ 24

© Pearson Education 2008 Functional Maths Level 1 • Chapter 1 • page 19 Draft for Pilot
11 Solving word problems
Learn the skill
When given word problems to solve:
Remember
■ Find the important information so you can write the
Always read the problem very
correct calculation
carefully.
■ Decide whether to add, subtract, multiply or divide.
Example: At a football match there were 15 687 ‘home’ fans Tip
and 8622 ‘away’ fans. How many fans were at the match
altogether? Altogether usually tells you
This question needs addition to solve it. to add the numbers.

Write the calculation, using numbers and the correct symbols.

15 687 + 8 622 = 1115 16 8 7
8 622 +
24 309
Answer: 24 309

Try the skill

1. Alan has saved £837 and wants to spend some of his money.
He wants to leave £195 in his account. How much can he Tip
take out?
■ Take often means subtract.
■ How many more or how
much more usually tells
you to subtract.
2. In 2006, a bookstore sold 34 236 books. The store aims to
sell 19 474 more in 2008. What is the bookstore’s target
for 2008?

3. A car has done 33 778 miles. It needs to be serviced when

it has done 46 000 miles. How many more miles can it do
before it is serviced?

4. Jackie has £473 in a bank account. She pays in £46. Then

she writes out one cheque for £289 and another for £67. Tip
How much is in the account after each transaction? Break the problem down
into separate addition and
subtraction calculations.

Draft for Pilot Functional Maths Level 1 • Chapter 1 • page 20 © Pearson Education 2008
 Whole numbers A
5. Robina takes out a loan and agrees to pay back £85 per
month for 36 months. How much will she pay back in Tip
total? In this problem, per month
and in total are clues that
tell you to multiply.

6. A gym charges £49 per month for membership. What will be

the total cost of membership for one year?

7. a Sandra needs to save £595 to pay for a holiday. He can

save £35 per week. How many weeks will it take him to
save the money he needs?

b Twenty-four friends split the hire of a party hall equally.

The hire cost comes to £840. How much does each
person pay?

8. A householder pays £384 for electricity in a year. She pays

in twelve equal monthly instalments. How much does she
pay each month?

9. A business woman’s profit for one year is £230 222. One year
later it is £235 749. How much more profit did she make in
the second year?

10. Over a weekend, a computer expert earns £480 for working

12 hours. How much does she earn per hour?

© Pearson Education 2008 Functional Maths Level 1 • Chapter 1 • page 21 Draft for Pilot
12 Checking answers to calculations
Learn the skill
You can check answers using different methods.

1. Check using opposite calculations

Add and subtract are opposite calculations.

Example 1: Check that 425 – 36 = 389 is correct.

Start with the answer: 389.

Do the opposite of the calculation.
You took away 36 so, to check, you add 36: 389 + 36. Tip
When you do the addition, you get: 389 + 36 = 425. Multiplication and division are
425 is the number you started with. opposite calculations.
Answer: The calculation is correct.

2. Check using estimation

This means using numbers that have been rounded up or
down, to see if an answer is ‘about right’.
Example 2: Is the answer to 2104 × 19 = 21 080 correct?

Check by rounding the numbers to the nearest ten.

2104 rounded to the nearest ten is 2100.
19 rounded to the nearest ten is 20.
2100 × 20 = 42 000
The answer of 21 080 is nowhere near the estimated answer of
42 000.
Answer: No. Tip
3. Check using a calculator Do not be put off by all the
keys on a calculator. You only
Example 3: twenty four friends split the hire of a party hall need to use
equally. The hire cost comes to £840. + – × ÷ = keys and the
How much does each person pay? Answer: £35. Check this number keys at this point.
answer is correct.

The problem can be solved on a calculator using division. Tip

Key in 8 4 5 ÷ 2 4 = If there isn’t an ON key, most
The display shows 35 so the answer is correct. calculators can be switched
on using the AC button.

Draft for Pilot Functional Maths Level 1 • Chapter 1 • page 22 © Pearson Education 2008
 Whole numbers A

Try the skill

Use opposite calculations to check the answers in questions 1
and 2.
1. a 256 + 462 = 718 b 343 – 219 = 124

c 4133 + 2167 = 6300 d 2577 – 1568 = 1008

2. a 15 × 48 = 720 b 672 ÷ 21 = 32

c 25 × 25 = 650 d 3312 ÷ 24 = 138

Use estimation in questions 3 and 4 to decide if the answers

given might be correct or if they are definitely wrong.
3. a 345 × 22 = 7590 b 17 × 3402 = 25 883
Remember

You can round bigger numbers
to the nearest 100.

c 1689 + 1022 + 3449 = 6160

4. 3241 people each paid £11 to attend an arts event held

over three days. The manager calculates ticket sales to be
£356 510. Is his calculation likely to be correct?

Use a calculator to check the answers in questions 5 and 6.

5. A pilot has flown 276 000 miles in one year. He flies the
same number of miles every month. He calculates the
monthly distance to be 23 000 miles. Is he correct?

6. Samir has £479 in his bank account. He writes a cheque

for £150 and pays in £85. He works out that the balance
should be £414. Is he correct?

© Pearson Education 2008 Functional Maths Level 1 • Chapter 1 • page 23 Draft for Pilot
13 Negative numbers
Learn the skill
Most of the numbers you deal with every day are positive, for
example, the counting numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5...
In some practical situations, such as temperature, numbers
can be negative.
Temperatures below zero are icy, and are shown as negative
numbers.
A negative or minus sign written in front of a number, for
example, –5, shows that it is negative. Tip
'ETTING COLDER 'ETTING WARMER A common mistake is to think
that –8 is bigger than –4,
n n ²#   because 8 is greater than
4. Picture the numbers on a
n n number line, to see which is
bigger.
–8°C is colder than –4°C, so –8 is less than –4.

Try the skill

1. Here is a map of Great Britain showing the temperatures in
some cities.
a In which cities are temperatures above zero?
Edinburgh
–3°C
b Which city has the lowest temperature?
Leeds
–4°C
Manchester
–1°C
c Which city is warmer than London ?
Aberystwyth
0°C

2. A woman has an overdraft facility of £200 with her cheque London

account. She has a balance of £85 and writes a cheque for Exeter 1°C
3°C
£160. What is her new balance?

3. Is –5 more than –4? Yes/No

Tip
Draw part of a number line to
4. Circle which of these statement’s are true help you work out the answer.
4>3 2>0 –2>0
–12 < –10 –12 < 10 –10 < –12 Tip
–3 > –2 –4 > –3 > means greater than
< means less than

Draft for Pilot Functional Maths Level 1 • Chapter 1 • page 24 © Pearson Education 2008
 Whole numbers A

14 Remember what you have learned

First complete this …
Every digit in a number has a value, depending on its
position in the number. This is called its . Tip
The key digit is immediately to the right of the place ■ Addition questions usually
value you are rounding to. use the words total or
altogether.
Round when the key digit is 5, 6, 7, 8 or 9.
■ More usually means you
Round when the key digit is 1, 2, 3 or 4. need to add.
When you multiply a number by 10, all the digits in the ■ Take often means subtract.
number move place to the left.
■ How many more or how
When you multiply a number by 100, all the digits in the much more usually tells
number move places to the left. you to subtract.
When you multiply a number by 1000, all the digits in ■ A question that includes
the number move places to the left. shares or sharing usually
When you divide a number by 10, all the digits in the means you need to divide.
number move place to the right.
When you divide a whole number by 100, all the digits in
the number move places to the right.
Add and are opposite calculations.
Multiply and are opposite calculations.
A negative or minus sign written in front of a number, for
example, –5, shows that it is .

Use the skill

1. A customer’s car needs a service at 48 000 miles. His car has
done 33 650 miles. A 14 350 C 15 350
How many more miles can he drive the car before its B 14 450 D 16 650
service is needed?

2. A cable television company has 67 045 customers.

A six million, seven
What is this number in words? thousand and forty-five
B s ixty-seven thousand
and forty-five
C six thousand, seven
hundred and forty-five
D s ixty-seven hundred
and forty-five

© Pearson Education 2008 Functional Maths Level 1 • Chapter 1 • page 25 Draft for Pilot
 3. At a football match, 44 645 fans attended.
A 44 650
What is this figure to the nearest hundred?
B 44 600
C 44 640
D 44 700

4. Rosie has £450 in her current account. In one day she

spends £659 on a holiday and pays a cheque into her A £330
account for £121. B –£330
Use a calculator to work out what the new balance should
be. C –£88
D £88

5. Thirty-nine thousand and five households receive a free

A 39 005
newspaper every week.
What is this number in figures? B 3905
C 390 005
D 30 905

6. One weekend, 86 000 people visited Clacton. The following A 216 270
weekend 139 270 people visited Clacton.
How many more people went on the second weekend than B 990 270
the first? C 53 270
D 44 270

7. Deklan sells 14 pictures for £50 each. A £140

How much money does he collect?
B £70
C £700
D £64

8. A group of seven friends win a total lottery prize of £2583.

They each have an equal share of £369. A 2583 × 369

Which calculation can they use to check if this is correct? B 369 ÷ 7

C 2583 × 7
D 369 × 7

Draft for Pilot Functional Maths Level 1 • Chapter 1 • page 26 © Pearson Education 2008
 Whole numbers A
9. A hotel charges £65 for one room for one night.
A £195
How much in total will it charge for two rooms for three
nights? B £130
C £390
D £325

10. The table shows the average temperatures in Paris between

November and February. A –4°C

Temperatures in Paris (°C) B –2°C

Nov Dec Jan Feb C 0°C
–4 –2 0 4
D 4°C
What is the lowest temperature?

11. A householder pays £876 a year in house insurance. She

pays in twelve equal monthly instalments. A £70.50

How much does she pay per month? B £76

C £86
D £73

12. A business makes £38 457 profit in June. A £38 000

What is this amount, to the nearest thousand?
B £38 500
C £39 000
D £40 000

13. A music store sells 760 CDs in one week, then 907 and 952
in the following two weeks. A 2509

How many CDs does it sell in the three weeks? B 2519

C 2609
D 2619

14. What is the correct way to use rounding to check the answer
to 28 × 832? A 20 × 830
B 30 × 830
C 20 × 840
D 30 × 840

© Pearson Education 2008 Functional Maths Level 1 • Chapter 1 • page 27 Draft for Pilot