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Week 4 Discrete Probability

1. The document provides information about discrete and continuous random variables including their definitions, examples, and probability distributions. 2. A discrete random variable has a countable number of possible outcomes while a continuous random variable has uncountable possible outcomes represented on a number line. 3. Examples are provided to illustrate discrete vs continuous random variables including the number of heads from coin tosses and the recorded time of a machine glitch.

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10 views

Week 4 Discrete Probability

1. The document provides information about discrete and continuous random variables including their definitions, examples, and probability distributions. 2. A discrete random variable has a countable number of possible outcomes while a continuous random variable has uncountable possible outcomes represented on a number line. 3. Examples are provided to illustrate discrete vs continuous random variables including the number of heads from coin tosses and the recorded time of a machine glitch.

Uploaded by

23-08439
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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GOOD AFTERNOON

GRADE 11
January 27, 2022
REVIEW

1. What is/are the difference/s


between sample space and
sample outcome?

2. Three dice are thrown. What


is a probability of getting a
sum of 6?
Guess the word

BARYA + BALL = VARIABLE


Guess the word

DISK + CRATE = DISCRETE


Guess the word
= CONTINUOUS
ACTIVITY

Determine the difference between the


statements:

1.Number of planets around the Sun.


2.Number of students in a class.
3.Number of stars in the space.
4.Height or weight of the students in a
particular class.
ANALYSIS

Based on the activity,


what is the difference
between discrete and
continuous variable?
DISCRETE VS. CONTINUOUS
DISCRETE
PROBABILITY
DISTRIBUTION
RANDOM VARIABLE
- Scholastic variable
A random variable is discrete if it has a finite or
countable number of possible outcomes that can
be listed.
x

0 2 4 6 8 10

A random variable is continuous if it has an


uncountable number or possible outcomes,
represented by the intervals on a number line.
x

0 2 4 6 8 10
RANDOM VARIABLE
Example: Discrete vs. Continuous Random Variables

1. A fair coin is tossed 30 times and the number of


times X that a tail appears is a discrete random
variable since its possible values may be
determined by counting, i.e., 0,1,2,3,4,…,30.

2. A machine is run and the recorded time it starts


to experience a glitch Y illustrates a continuous
random variable since the value of the variable
may be assigned using measurement.
RANDOM VARIABLE
Decide if the random variable x is discrete or
continuous.
a.) The distance your car travels on a tank of gas
The distance your car travels is a continuous random
variable because it is a measurement that cannot be
counted. (All measurements are continuous random
variables.)

b.) The number of students in a statistics class


The number of students is a discrete random
variable because it can be counted.
RANDOM VARIABLE

Question Random Variable x Type


Family x = Number of dependents Discrete
size reported on tax return

Distance from x = Distance in miles from Continuous


home to store home to the store site
Own dog x = 1 if own no pet; Discrete
or cat = 2 if own dog(s) only;
= 3 if own cat(s) only;
= 4 if own dog(s) and cat(s)
RANDOM VARIABLE
RANGE SPACE
- The set of all values possible for a given random
variable.
Example: Suppose 3 pair coins are tossed and the
random variable X is defined as the number of
heads that appear.
S = {HHH, HHT, HTH, THH, HTT, THT, TTH, TTT}
X(HHH) = 3
X(HHT)=X(HTH)=X(THH)= 2
X(HTT)=X(THT)=X(TTH)= 1
X(TTT) = 0

The range space R = {0, 1, 2, 3}


RANGE SPACE
- The set of all values possible for a given random
variable.
Example: Suppose 3 pair coins are tossed and the
random variable X is defined as the number of
heads that appear.
S = {HHH, HHT, HTH, THH, HTT, THT, TTH, TTT}
X(HHH) = 3
X(HHT)=X(HTH)=X(THH)= 2
X(HTT)=X(THT)=X(TTH)= 1
X(TTT) = 0

The range space R = {0, 1, 2, 3}


RANGE SPACE
- The set of all values possible for a given random
variable.
Example: A pair of dice is thrown and the random
variable Y is defined such that Y gives the sum of
the two numbers that appear. Determine the
following.
a. Range space
b.Y (3,2)
c. Y (4,6)
d. Y (1,3)
RANGE SPACE
- The set of all values possible for a given random
variable.
Example: A pair of dice is thrown and the random
variable Y is defined such that Y gives the sum of
the two numbers that appear. Determine the
following.
a. Range space = {2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12}
b.Y (3,2) = 5
c. Y (4,6) = 10
d. Y (1,3) = 4
DISCRETE PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION

Consider the random event of tossing four coins and the variable X gives the
number of heads that appear.
Range Space = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4}

1
𝑃 𝑋=0 = 16
= 𝟎. 𝟎𝟔𝟐𝟓
4 1
𝑃 𝑋=1 = = = 𝟎. 𝟐𝟓
16 4
6 3
𝑃 𝑋=2 = = = 𝟎. 𝟑𝟕𝟓
16 8
4 1
𝑃 𝑋=3 = = = 𝟎. 𝟐𝟓
16 4
1
𝑃 𝑋=4 = = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟔𝟐𝟓
16
DISCRETE PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION

Consider the random event of tossing four coins and the variable X gives the
number of heads that appear.
Range Space = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4}

1
𝑃 𝑋=0 = 16
= 𝟎. 𝟎𝟔𝟐𝟓
4 1
𝑃 𝑋=1 = = = 𝟎. 𝟐𝟓
16 4
6 3
𝑃 𝑋=2 = = = 𝟎. 𝟑𝟕𝟓
16 8
4 1
𝑃 𝑋=3 = = = 𝟎. 𝟐𝟓
16 4
1
𝑃 𝑋=4 = = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟔𝟐𝟓
16
DISCRETE PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION

The table is called a probability distribution which is also known as probability


mass function.
DISCRETE PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION

Like any other statistical distribution, a probability mass function may be


graphed using a histogram.

Horizontal axis
- Random Variable (X)

Vertical axis
- Probabilities P(X)
DISCRETE PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION

Example: A card is drawn from a deck of 20 cards (i.e., all the cards numbered 1
to 5 in a standard deck) and the random variable W gives the number on the
card. Construct the probability mass function and its corresponding
histogram.
The Range Space Set { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
Which aspects of your life can you
associate the ideas of discrete
random variables and continuous
random variables? Illustrate how
these two types of random variables
are important in dealing with
circumstances you encounter in your
everyday life.
BIG IDEAS

• Associating mathematical concepts with familiar words enable you to


understand the concepts easily. Like the two random variables, it would be
helpful to understand the difference between them when you know that
discrete variables have values that are “exact” while continuous variables
have values that are “approximate”.
• Knowing the allowable range of probability values and the sum of the
individual probabilities allows you to subconsciously evaluate your own
solutions. When you obtained probability values that are not within the range
from 0 to 1, or a sum of the individual probability values that is not exactly 1,
you are forced to review your solutions and implement necessary corrections.
This process reflects the principle of assessment as learning.

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