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    Lab Report

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    moslahuddin2022
    The experiment aims to study the V-I characteristics of a Zener diode. A Zener diode maintains a stable voltage across its terminals when operated in the breakdown region, making it useful for voltage regulation. The experiment measures the voltage across a Zener diode for increasing input voltages and plots the V-I characteristics, which remain nearly constant beyond the Zener voltage, demonstrating the diode's voltage regulating property.

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    Lab Report

    Uploaded by

    moslahuddin2022
    14 views5 pages
    The experiment aims to study the V-I characteristics of a Zener diode. A Zener diode maintains a stable voltage across its terminals when operated in the breakdown region, making it useful for voltage regulation. The experiment measures the voltage across a Zener diode for increasing input voltages and plots the V-I characteristics, which remain nearly constant beyond the Zener voltage, demonstrating the diode's voltage regulating property.

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    LAB REPORT (2)

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    The experiment aims to study the V-I characteristics of a Zener diode. A Zener diode maintains a stable voltage across its terminals when operated in the breakdown region, making it useful for voltage regulation. The experiment measures the voltage across a Zener diode for increasing input voltages and plots the V-I characteristics, which remain nearly constant beyond the Zener voltage, demonstrating the diode's voltage regulating property.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    14 views5 pages

    Lab Report

    Uploaded by

    moslahuddin2022
    The experiment aims to study the V-I characteristics of a Zener diode. A Zener diode maintains a stable voltage across its terminals when operated in the breakdown region, making it useful for voltage regulation. The experiment measures the voltage across a Zener diode for increasing input voltages and plots the V-I characteristics, which remain nearly constant beyond the Zener voltage, demonstrating the diode's voltage regulating property.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 5

    Experiment No: 03

    Experiment Name: Study of Zener Diode Characteristics

    Objective:

    1. To study and plot the V-I characteristics of a diode


    2. To verify the functionality of PN junction diode in forward bias
    3. To verify the functionality of PN junction diode in reverse bias

    Theory:

    A Zener Diode is a highly doped p-n junction diode that operates in reverse bias
    situations. These are unique semiconductors that have the ability to conduct current
    both forward and backward. No matter what voltage is applied, the voltage drop across
    the Zener diode is always the same. Thus, Zener diodes are used as a voltage
    regulator. A Zener diode, also referred to as a breakdown diode, is a heavily doped
    semiconductor device intentionally designed to function in the reverse direction. When
    the voltage across the terminals of the Zener diode surpasses the Zener voltage,
    commonly known as the Knee voltage, and the polarity is reversed, the junction
    experiences breakdown. This phenomenon, termed the Zener effect, triggers the flow of
    current in the reverse direction. In essence, the Zener diode maintains a stable voltage
    across its terminals when operated in the breakdown region, making it a crucial
    component for voltage regulation in electronic circuits.

    Fig 1 : Zener Diode.

    The Voltage-Current (V-I) characteristics of a Zener diode show its behavior in the
    reverse bias region. In this mode, the diode remains in a low-current state until the
    Zener voltage is reached. Beyond this point, the Zener diode enters the breakdown
    region, sharply conducting in the reverse direction. The Zener effect ensures a nearly
    constant voltage, making Zener diodes crucial for voltage regulation in electronic
    circuits.
    Fig 2 : V-I characteristics of Zener diode

    Equipments and Components:

    1. Breadboard
    2. DC Power Supply
    3. Multimeter
    4. Zener Diode
    5. Resistor
    6. Connecting wires

    Circuit Diagram:

    Fig 3 : Circuit diagram for zener diode characteristics.

    Data collection :

    R = 1KΩ
    = 1000 Ω

    𝑉𝑖𝑛 (volts) 𝑉𝑅 (volts) 𝑉𝑍 (volts) 𝑉𝑅


    I= 𝑅
    (mA)
    1.4 0 1.4 0

    2 0 1.9 0

    3.1 0 3.02 0

    4.25 0 4.25 0

    5.0 0 4.99 0

    6 0 5.95 0

    7 0.4 6.19 0.4

    8 1.4 6.20 1.4

    9.4 1.3 6.20 1.3

    10.3 3.5 6.20 3.5

    Discussion:

    1. Current for sufficiently long time may change the characteristics.


    2. Zener diodes are used in voltage regulation in circuits because even when a large
    current flows through, their voltage does not change appreciably.
    7.Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT): A BJT is a three-layer
    semiconductor device consisting of an emitter, base, and collector. BJTs are classified
    as NPN or PNP, depending on the arrangement of semiconductor materials. In an NPN
    BJT, current flows from the collector to the emitter, controlled by the base current. In a
    PNP BJT, the direction of current is reversed. BJTs are commonly used for amplification
    and switching in electronic circuits.

    8. Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor (MOSFET):


    A MOSFET is a three-terminal semiconductor device with a metal gate separated from
    the semiconductor by an insulating oxide layer. It operates based on the electric field
    generated by the voltage applied to the gate. MOSFETs are classified as N-channel and
    P-channel, referring to the type of charge carriers (electrons or holes) that constitute the
    current flow. They are widely used in electronic devices for switching and amplification,
    especially in integrated circuits.

    9.Diode: A diode is a semiconductor device with two terminals, an anode, and a


    cathode. It allows current to flow in one direction (forward bias) and blocks it in the
    opposite direction (reverse bias). Diodes are used for rectification, converting alternating
    current (AC) to direct current (DC), and they play a crucial role in various electronic
    circuits. Different types of diodes include light-emitting diodes (LEDs), Schottky diodes,
    Zener diodes, and more, each with specific applications.

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