NASA SPACE SETTLEMENT CONTEST CATEGORY:

9th grade, small team “Saint Sava” National College Bucharest, Romania

Project

GALATEA
Team members:
Ingrid-Andreea ROBU
Oana BORDEI
Ioan Nectarie IVANA
Leonard MAXIM
Ioan DAVID
Coordinating teacher:
Prof. Mihaela CHIRITA
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. Introduction 9. Life support
1.1. Why Galatea? ……………………………………………………….….3 9.1. Water .....................................................................................23
1.2. Our mission ……………………………………………………….….....4 9.2. Energy ..................................................................................27
9.3. Atmosphere ......................................................................29
2. Population analysis 9.4. Agriculture……...................................................................30
2.1. Recruiting process........................................................5
2.2. Distribution.......................................................................6 10. Lifestyle on the settlement
10.1. Healthcare.........................................................................32
3. Location 10.2. Education..........................................................................33
3.1. Possible location analysis.........................................7 10.3. Entertainment................................................................34
3.2. Final location..................................................................8 10.4. Economy ...........................................................................35
10.5. Industry...............................................................................36
4. Construction 10.6. Earth relations……………………………………….……..….……..37
4.1. Possible shapes...............................................................9 10.7. Transportation…….……………..………………….…….…..……..38
4.2. Construction phases..................................................12
4.3. Layout……………………………………………………………..……..….13 11. Government………………………................................................39
4.3. Residential area............................................................15
12. Security………………………………….............................................42
5. Shielding
5.1. Thermal shielding........................................................16 13. Research
5.2. Radiation shielding....................................................17 13.1. Long-term space travel using genetics….…….43
5.3. Layers of the radiation barrier………………………..18 13.2. Cybernetics…………………………..........................................44
13.3. Space settlements on the Moon……….…..………..45
6. Thrusters..............................................................................19
14. Space Mining…...................................................................46
7. Storage.................................................................................21
15. Emergency protocol......................................................48
8. Artificial gravity.............................................................22
16.Conclusion………………………………………………….….……………..

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 Why Galatea?
The name Galatea was inspired by the ancient myth of
"Galatea and Pygmalion", which reveals the fullfilment
of an impossible love between the creator and his creation.

Starting from the double metamorphosis, both spiritually (by the

transcendence of the creator's soul, as a result of the evolution of the artist’s
subjectivity, to the universal valid values) and fiscally (by bringing the
creation to life), we expect our project to become a dream come true.

And starting with us, to ensure that the man of the present and of the future,
finds the essence of life by contemplating his creations.

Galatea we have found a solution to the myriad of problems that Earth’s

facing. We may begin over, devoid of the difficulties of the old planet, and
create an idyllic realm for humanity while exploring the depths of outer space
and unraveling the mysteries that surround it. As humanity expands into
space, we have the opportunity to uncover new frontiers, investigate exciting
options, and ultimately define our species' fate, so averting its inevitable
extinction on Earth.

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1.2 OUR MISSION
● Climate change ● Humankind’s expansion through space
Climate change's rising effects are the most significant issue that By designing a space settlement, we can access materials that are
humanity is now facing. According to scientists, there may not be difficult to get on Earth, such as Helium-3, which could be utilized in
anything left to be done in the fight against climate change by 2042. In nuclear fusion. Helium-3 is a light, stable helium isotope containing two
light of this, we believe that the wisest course of action is to spread protons and one neutron. The fusion of helium-3 atoms, unlike other
human civilization beyond Earth and inhabit our Solar System. nuclear fusion events, produces more energy than is necessary to
Designing an autonomous space colony is the first step toward launch the reaction, making it a potentially efficient and clean source of
populating outer space and mitigating the devastating impacts of energy. There is also renewed interest in smaller and simpler units for
climate change on our planet. generating electricity and process heat from nuclear power providing
for technological advancement.
● Overpopulation
We think that the urgent problem of overcrowding that we are ● Research
currently confronting may be resolved by creating settlements in outer We designed Galatea for scientific research and development purposes.
space. Our population is increasing rapidly every year, and we are using The research carried out by our scientists will cover areas such as:
up more and more of the world's finite resources. By building colonies
in space, we not only solve the problem of overcrowding on Earth but o Sociology: to observe collective interactions in order to establish
also open the way for humankind to spread across our Solar System. possible ways of conduct and good practices on social level.

● Lifeboat for humanity o Psychology: to observe an individual’s change of behavior in

In the event of a disaster occurring on Earth, the space settlement we enclosed spacing for a lengthy period of time and limited resources.
are currently designing can serve as a lifeboat for humanity. As a
consequence, Galatea ensures the survival of humanity by serving as a o Medicine: analyze the effects on the human body in space in order
starting point for the spread of our species, as well as an economic and to adjust and eliminate the elements that affect their health.
intellectual hub that maintains all of humanity's knowledge, solidifying
its status as a potential substitute to life on Earth. o Physics: to study the applicability of physical laws in space and to
identify potential new paradigms.

o Astronomy: to observe and discover new celestial bodies and

possibly extra-terrestrial life form.

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 2. POPULATION ANALYSIS
2.1 Recruiting process
Galatea will initially have a population of 12.000 residents. All of our recruits will undergo a series of psychological, physical and medical
tests which will determine if they are suited to live in space. Before any of the tests begin, all candidates will receive this form, which
contains a series of questions regarding their reasons for wanting to live in space and how they react in difficult situations.

Answers Answers
No. Questions No. Questions
YES NO YES NO

Are you uncomfortable if you stay in an enclosed 11 Is it hard for you to forgive someone? X
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space for a long period of time? X
12 Do hear inner voices? X
2 Do you disagree with rationalized resources? X 13 Is it difficult for you work under pressure? X
3 Do you frequently feel sad? X
14 Is it hard for you to make friends? X

4 Do you want to harm those who wronged you? X

15 Do you have a lowered self-esteem? x

5 Do you hold grudges? X

16 Are you unhappy with your life? X
6 Do you frequently drink alcohol? X
Do you punish the people who you think are
17 X
7 Do you do drugs? X bad?
18 Is it hard for you to accept orders? X
8 Do you have other addictions? X
19 Are you wasteful? X
9 Have you ever wanted to commit suicide? X
When angry, do you destroy the objects
10 Have you tried to commit suicide? X 20 X
around you?
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 Number of
Field Profession
workers

2.2 Distribution IT Programmers & Software engineers 750

Each question whose answer is NO is rated with 5 Science Researchers 750

points and the question whose answer is YES is rated
with 0 points. Medicine Doctors & Nurses 1000
The ones who scored 100 points are automatically Education Teachers 500
sent to the next IQ test, and EQ test.
Trade Supermarket workers 1000
People who scored between 85-95 points will have a
discussion with one of our psychologists who will
analyse whether or not the candidate is eligible for Construction Workers Engineers 400+100
further examination.
Managers, Financial Experts,
Business 500
If the recruit passes the mental examination, they will Accountants etc.
start the physical one, which is consists of an overload
resistance test (5G and 6G). The last part of the Art Actors Painters 100
recruiting process is a series of medical tests. These
include blood work, an electrocardiogram and an
examination from a doctor who will look for any
possible hereditary or contagious diseases. Other Public
Services
Children-1500; Young adults- 6000; Mature Adults- (administration,
3500; Elderly people- 1000 Public Services Employees 4900
agriculture,
Also, the population will be split based on professions, mining, security,
as it can be seen in the following table: parliament etc.)

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3. Location
3.1. Possible locations analysis
Finding the most suitable location for the residents of Galatea was essential for us and,
therefore, aroused many contractions regarding the best choice. Thus, we will present the
advantages and disadvantages of possible locations and our choice.

Placing Galatea in the Earth's orbit will advantage our residents as its proximity to Earth
leads to easier access to resources, therefore securing trade with Earth’s resources. It will
also keep direct contact with Earth via already existent satellites, leading to better
communication in case of emergencies or daily updates about the evolution of the
research carried out on the spaceship.
However, choosing this location comes with a list of disadvantages such as the constant
interaction with human activity, which can interfere with the productivity of our project.
Moreover, in such areas, there is a high risk of dealing with space junk which can cause
serious damage to the spaceship. And most importantly, Earth's orbit shows little interest
in scientific breakthroughs. All 5 Lagrange points offer diverse advantages, for instance L1,
L2, L3 have the same orbital period as the one on Earth, which eases the accommodation
in outer space. However, L4 and L5 are the only stable points, L1 and L2 offer a picturesque
scenery keeping our residents entertained.
The disadvantages of such a location are that L4 and L5 are found near the Trojans
asteroids, which increases the risk of asteroid collision causing significant damage to our
space station. Besides, L3 is deprived of sunlight which makes living impossible as Galatea
is covered in solar panels in order to produce the energy used on the spaceship, and
neither can humans survive without light.

https://www.researchgate.net/

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Mars's orbit best advantage is that facilitates the exploitation of resources such
as iron, magnesium, aluminum, calcium, and potassium. It is also a favorable
location for further research regarding the biodiversity of the red planet, as well
as its genesis.​However, such placement of Galatea lacks a global magnetic field
which exposes the spaceship to intense cosmic emissions, destructing the
shielding systems and the proximity to the Asteroid Belt increases the risk of
asteroid collision. Furthermore, the long distance from Earth makes it more
difficult to keep constant contact, as communication is delayed by 20 minutes​

3.2 Final location

Considering all these we’ve decided that the placement of the Galatea
spaceship would be in a near rectilinear halo orbit (NRHO). This type of orbit
was preferred by NASA in their Gateway project on the account of its stability
and fuel efficiency. The advantages of placing our spaceship in the southern of
an L2 are major. Such type of orbit is balanced by both the Earth’s gravity and
the Moon’s, resulting in the spaceship being brought closer to the surface of
the Moon which can serve both mining and research purposes, being therefore
a favorable location for possible breakthroughs. The low maintenance orbit
costs and fuel efficiency are crucial factors for the placement of a spaceship
which has the goal to resist in space for a long period of time. The relatively
small distance from Earth facilitates a better connection with the team
remained on the ground in order to report on the status of our residents and
their development and in cases of emergency. Moreover, the eclipse-avoided
properties present in this type of orbit can help our researchers develop an
eclipse avoidance strategy, which will enlarge our knowledge about dynamics
of such orbit.

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4. CONSTRUCTION
o “No design works unless it embodies ideas that are held common by the people for whom the object is intended.” - Adrian Forty

As we follow the word of Adrian Forty (an emeritus professor of architectural history at University College London) we decided that we
shall design our spaceship in such matter that it will befit the needs of our residents, so they can enjoy life as well or even better than
they have previously on Earth. As such we have analyzed a list of possible forms for Galatea so it can accomplish its purpose at upmost
efficiency. Below we have listed to potential shapes that will take the form of our space colony Galatea:

4.1 Possible shapes

In line for the design of our individual elements that will take part in the construction of our space station there are
many contenders. Each element has its specific requirements that need to be taken into careful consideration and
each has a variety of potential shapes that stand at the base of its design. For our overall design, we went for:

o 1. Easy expansion/Modularity
The community of humans on board which will increase in population with time.
Meeting up with potentially unexpected industrial demands and improving quality of life with larger living areas if
needed.

o 2. Easy assembly in outer space

If the assembly did take place on Earth, more resources would be necessary to transport the whole thing into outer
space, therefore it will be gradually assembled reducing the costs of fuel.

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o 3. The well-being of the inhabitants.
Even if the first two criteria are met, the convenience of the people on board might be affected by a shape
that restricts the receival of natural illumination or isn’t spacious enough, which might take a toll on the
mental health of those on board.

Our artificial gravity system is reliant on the rotation of the station which generates a centripetal force that is
directly dependent on the distance from the axis of rotation, therefore round bodies are best, always ensuring
an even proximity to the axis of rotation.
Seeing as the strengths of the idea of combining shapes far outweigh its weaknesses, we’ve come to the
conclusion that it is most fit for our project. Therefore, we will adopt the idea of a center, with the purpose of
storage and agriculture, surrounded by the living area.
Firstly, the center of our space station, from which the rest of the structure will branch out, needs to work
best in a few key areas:

Analyzing these three points, we can propose some geometric bodies.

◆ Cylinder
◆ Reduces building complexity, while retaining its key properties, like ease of expansion, both vertically and
horizontally, using tubes connected to its sides to reach other areas.

o Best for its ease of construction, as well as the ability to efficiently separate it into different floors to
maximize its capacity, allowing, for example, on the bottom floor, a hatch for either expantion or a
docking station

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◆ Torus
o Remarcable practicality as a living area, it makes most out of the volume of air it occupies

o Easy to build from individual segments

o Takes advantage of the radius dependent factor of our process to harness the centripetal force
and we can use almost half of its internal area

o Best for a living area, as its non habited half can be outfitted with windows, ensuring the
recieval of natural light from the sun

◆ Cube/Cuboid
o Despite not being fit for high pressure storage, it is a very practical way to store excess materials
from our mining or metalurgy processes

o We will attach depressurized modules, which can only be accesed only by people in spacesuits,
in whitch crates with different materials will be sorted and then deposited on its different floors

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Combination of elements 4.2. Construction
PROS
This allows for a central hub, a round
body, from which we can easily branch phases
out using tunnels to farther out points
of the space station, their distance
from the center so causing a greater
effect of the centripetal force, allowing
for virtual gravity.
The central hub on the other hand is
not impacted nearly as much by the
centripetal force, so it can serve as a
non-habitable area in which storage
and the growth of crops can be
optimally located.
The outer body can now be used for
the sole purpose of containing the
inhabitants, from which the quality of
life may greatly benefit.
A combination of elements also allows
the designers to work on a more
expansion-focused design, in this case
being because of the sheer variety of
ways that they can be combined.
CONS
The space station not being just one
whole can affect the durability, since
there are more parts to maintain and
more connections to worry about
In contrast to a solitary body, it is
harder to put together, besides being
more resource consuming.

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 4.3 Layout Torus Module
Six identical pieces
present in the making of
the torus, clamped down
and fixated to the tunnels
Main Cylinder by the ring on its center,
The Hatches on top and bottom, highlighted in orange act while the ones on its sides
both as ship hangar doors and are also used for connecting are added after the
further added space station modules. assembly to further
stabilize the connection
between these modules

Storage
Rectangular prisms
Non-pressurized spaces
where large amounts of
Tunnel Module either refined or unrefined
Cylindrical shapes excess materials are stored
The tunnels are split
into modules to make
assembly easier.

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Additional infrastructure

Connectors
Rings that connect every part to one another Storage Tunnels
Purpose of improving structural integrity and Non-pressurized ways of
holding components travel between the main
Supporting the protective mesh hub and storage space

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4.4. Residential area on Galatea
For designing our houses, we attempted to create an efficient
and minimalist living space. Therefore, we have created a
customizable living space, as the base, unfurnished models of
these houses will be distributed to groups of 4 to 6 citizens,
outfitted with a main room downstairs and two rooms, one
featuring a bathroom and 3 sleeping pods, and the other
having another three sleeping pods.

Still, this is not meant to act as a typical house. We encourage

residents to spend as little time inside in favor of our
entertainment complexes and parks, which is a primary reason
for the absence of furniture and entertainment facilities, which
can still be purchased at will.

Sleeping
pods

Bathroom

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 5. Shielding
5.1. Thermal shielding
Galatea must have a thermal control system, or TCS, whose purpose is to maintain safe temperature ranges in order to ensure that the colony can resist the
extreme temperatures experienced in space. Because of this, the thermal control system we will use consists of a passive thermal control system (PTCS) that will
shield the spacecraft from excessive planetary or solar heat and an active thermal control system (ATCS), whose purpose is to shield the equipment from
overheating by using the right heat removers from internal sources.

Passive thermal control system

Our space settlement will be protected from exposure to temperatures above 111C (250F) by multilayer insulation (MLI), a well-regarded thermal control
technique. The 20-layer multilayer insulation will be constructed of glass fabric and Mylar, a stretched polyester that has been aluminized to better reflect solar
heat radiation. Research has shown that a combination of these two materials is the most effective way to provide insulation for the space settlement.

Active thermal control system

To guarantee that temperatures aboard the space colony do not reach acceptable limits when the generated heat surpasses the capabilities of the PTCS, we will
deploy the ATCS, which uses a closed fluid that is mechanically pumped to fulfil three major functions: heat transmission, heat collecting, and heat rejection. Heat
pipes, which embody a way of moving relatively significant amounts of heat without utilizing electricity, are the fundamental component of the aforementioned
system. When a liquid is employed, it first takes on the form of a gas after coming into touch with a conducting surface. This gas then travels down the pipe until
it reaches the cold pipe interface, when it transforms back into a liquid. The cycle is repeated when the liquid returns to the heated surface.
In order to manage the heat flow between internal components and to reject heat, we will employ louvers that will be installed above exterior radiators but
require no electricity to work.

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5.2. Radiation shielding
One of the most significant technical challenges that the construction of the space
settlement presents is the radiation experienced outside the Earth's magnetosphere
and atmosphere, which is imposed by either SPEs (the injection of protons and
electrons from the Sun into outer space, which is then accelerated by solar flares until
they reach Earth within tens of minutes after the event on the Sun) or GCR ( which are
characterized as outside the solar system radiations and are regarded to be fragments
of supernovas). Radiation that is trapped when solar wind particles become entangled
in the magnetic field of Earth is one sort of radiation that may be experienced in space.

This kind of radiation which comes from the Van Allen belt will not affect the space settlement, but it will interfere with
space shuttles arriving from Earth for various enterprises detailed in the Government and Daily Life sections, so they
will be protected by a multi-layered shield made of lunar regolith and polyethylene. As has been observed over the
years, radiation may cause irreversible harm to the human body by altering the cardiovascular system, hardening and
restricting the heart arteries. However, its primary effect is to rip apart the DNA by knocking away bases like adenine,
guanine, cytosine, and thymine. While the cell attempts to heal the damage, sometimes the genes that are misplaced
become mutations, resulting in the emergence of cancer. In light of this, we have determined that it of utmost
importance to guarantee durable protection against any form of radiation. We have thus opted against adopting active
radiation shielding, such as a magnetic shield produced by superconducting coils since the technology is still evolving
and has not yet been proven in space on lengthy missions, or an electrostatic shield because it takes a significant
amount of energy, which will put a heavy burden on the engines. In order to prevent the radiation energy from
reaching the Galatean inhabitants, we have decided to build a tiered barrier, with each layer playing a specific purpose.

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5.3. Layers of the radiation barrier

5.3.1. Polyethylene
The first layer will be composed of polyethylene, which is rich in hydrogen and carbon and is known to be more effective than aluminium in
deflecting galactic cosmic rays (GCR), making it a superior shielding alternative due to its lightweight nature. In addition, when compared to heavier
materials such as aluminium and lead, polyethylene creates far less "secondary radiation", which can be even more harmful to our inhabitants than
the initial radiation. Methane will be heated between 750 and 950 degrees Celsius to create ethylene, which will subsequently be converted to this
substance by methyl free radicals. Then, through a process known as polymerization, we will obtain polythene. The following reactions for the
described process are listed below:

2CH4 + O2 → C2H4 + 2H2O- to obtain ethylene through methane.

nH2C=CH2 → [―CH2CH2―]n- to achieve polyethylene through polymerization.

5.3.2. Lunar Regolith Layer

Lunar regolith will make up the second layer of the radiation shield since recent research has revealed that even a tiny dosage offers significant
protection against GCR nuclei and SPE. Also, the lunar soil is fairly accessible to our space settlement thanks to our proximity to the Moon.

5.3.3. Fungus Cladosporium sphaerospermum

The fungus Cladosporium sphaerospermum, which has been shown to grow in high radiation conditions like the contaminated radius of the
Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant, will be used for the third and final layer. Therefore, it would seem that these creatures engage in a process known as
radiosynthesis, which uses ionizing radiation to make chemical energy. The fungal also uses melanin to absorb radiation. We don't need to rely on a
complicated system of reparations for the ultimate defection of the shield because the fungus can reproduce itself. We will cover our space
settlement in a layer of radiosynthesizing fungus that is between two and three meters thick to secure the entire protection of our residents.
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 6.Thrusters
We plan to use the NASA Evolutionary Xenon Thruster to ensure the
stability of our space settlement. The thrusters will give the required
power for our spacecraft to diverge from its original path in the event of
an asteroid collision. The NEXT system is currently the most efficient and
cost-effective form of technology available; it uses electricity from solar
panels on the ship's outer layer to power a gridded electrostatic ion
thruster.In 2020, NASA conducted the first planetary defense mission by
using NEXT, in order to deflect the asteroid by using kinetic impactor
technology. The DART mission turned out to be a success, hence,
proving that NEXT minimizes the risk of collision making it the best
choice for our space settlement. Because our thruster is an electrostatic
ion engine, the Coulomb force accelerates ions along the electric field
direction to create an ion beam. The following summarizes how the
thruster is accelerated: The first stage is to ionize the gas produced
when xenon propellant atoms and electrons from a cathode are
delivered into the ionization chamber. When electrons continue to
strike xenon atoms, xenon ions are formed.

The thruster's acceleration grid is made up of a positively charged plate

and a negatively charged plate with thousands of small holes. Then ions
are subsequently expelled from the thruster by the grid. After that a
second cathode at the back of the engine injects electrons into the ion
beam to stop any ions from being drawn back to the spaceship and
negating the thrust that has already been generated.

https://newatlas.com/
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6.1. Construction of the ion thruster
The NEXT engine system is divided into four key components. The first is the power source, which in our case will be solar because the surface of our
space settlement will be covered with solar panels to create the required electricity. The second part consist of the power processing unity which
translates the produced electrical power to the power required by each thruster component. Then the propellant management system (the third
component of the engine) guides the propellant flow from the propellant tank to the thruster. To govern and monitor system performance, we will
implement a control computer which is the fourth part of the engine, that will oversee all of the tasks described above. The fuel is then processed by the
ion thruster, which powers the spaceship. Due to its 6.9 kW thruster power, this sort of motor allows us to travel at speeds of up to 145,000 km/h.
According to a test finished in December 2009, the engine exhibited no evidence of general deterioration, and the thruster's life duration was determined
to be 48,000 hours (5.5 years).

Additionally, this type of motor stands out for its low fuel consumption, using just 425 kg of xenon compared to a typical engine's 4535 kg. But the NEXT
thruster does come with one main disadvantage compared to other types of propulsion system as chemical rockets whereas it has low thrust which
prevents the ship to launch from a planetary surface. We won't be concerned about the ion thruster's inability to launch a spaceship from Earth's surface
since our space colony will be totally built-in space. However, the smaller spacecraft that connects our ship to Earth for business and educational
endeavors will be fitted with a SuperDraco rocket engine.

This is a kind of thruster created by SpaceX since they were intended to be used to travel to Mars, meaning they can endure extended periods of time in
space. Given that it does not need an external igniting source, the hypergolically-fueled rocket offers a higher level of dependability.

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 7. Storage
Given the limited space on Galatea, we have chosen to establish separate storage areas for our extra resources. We feel that storing
materials for future use is critical, thus we have given careful consideration to our storage rooms.

The primary depositing areas are rectangular prisms connected to the center cylinder via storage tunnels (see more at 4.2.
Construction phases). These prisms are used to store various items acquired by our drones and robots on Mars and the Moon.
Furthermore, water will be stored in tanks, as can be seen at 9.1. Water storage.

Our means of depositing food is simple. Due to the fact that our meat is made in a laboratory and our plants are grown with the use of
the aeroponic systems, food will be stored inside the labs they have been created in and in the rare case of an enormous excess, we can
contain it inside the tori in boxes. Lastly, air will be deposited in tubes in liquefied form.

Storage systems on space settlements are just as important as on any other site. In order to
function effectively, it is essential that all items, from food and supplies to technological
components and tools, are kept in a safe and secure area.

A storage system designed for a space settlement typically consists of reinforced walls and a
variety of shelves, bins, and racks. It is essential that these structures are made of strong and
durable materials, such as metal and heavy plastics, to ensure they can withstand the
temperature extremes and other environmental conditions that are often encountered in
space. The items within the storage system must also be well-organized, labeled, and easy to
access.

In addition to the physical space, a storage system designed for a space settlement needs to
have a system in place to track and monitor the items within it. This is often done through the
use of sensors and RFID tags. This makes it easier to know exactly what is stored in the system
and to update inventory levels as necessary.

In conclusion, a storage system for a space settlement must be carefully designed,

constructed, and maintained in order to provide a safe and secure storage space for all items.
The system must have adequate space, robust materials, a tracking system, and a
comprehensive security system. It is essential that all of these components work together in
harmony to ensure the system functions as intended.
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8. Artificial gravity
Gravity has a crucial role in our existence on Earth, giving us weight and holding down our
atmosphere and the air we need to breathe. The lack of gravity can cause serious health problems for
the residents of our spaceship. For instance, the absence of stimuli engaging people to use their
muscles results in muscle atrophy and osteoporosis another effect on the human body is that
weightlessness can affect the structure and functions of the brain.

Therefore, in order to make living possible in Galatea, the spaceship should provide Earth-like gravity.
Thus, we have decided that the optimal way to create artificial gravity is by rotation. The 2 tori of our
settlement will be the components that will make the rotation, and given their larger radium, the
rotational frequency will be less than 2 rpm, avoiding the Coriolis effect which can cause
disorientation and nausea of our residences.

Using the formula of the centripetal force, we have calculated the rotational speed

G = Fcp Fcp Centripetal Force

Fcp = m * ω2 * R g Gravitational Acceleration

ω = 2π ω Angular Velocity In Radians

m ∗ 4π2 ∗ R
→m*g=
𝑻2
T Orbital Period

𝑹𝟒𝝅2 R Radius Of Each Tori

g=
𝑻2
G Gravity on Earth
4 π2 ∗ 893.65m
9.8m/s2 =
𝟑𝟔𝟎𝟎𝒔

Each torus will have a radius of 893.65m. The angular velocity of 1 rpm will create an artificial gravity of
9.8m/s2 which will make the residents of Galatea comfortable with the conditions provided by the
spaceship, experiencing no to little change in their well-being. 22
9. Life support
9.1. Water
Each and every space colony needs water to survive. It is essential to the colony's ability to survive. For drinking,
cooking, cleaning, and other essential uses, water is required. Additionally, energy must be produced in order to
power the systems of the space settlement. Water is also crucial for the residents’ health. Dehydration and other
health issues would be inevitable without it. Water is also required for the formation of oxygen, which the settlers
need in order to breathe. The colonists cannot live in the absence of oxygen. In brief, water is critical for any space
colony's existence. Galatea would not be able to survive without it. Furthermore, it is essential for garbage disposal
and environmental upkeep in the colony.

9.1.1. Water Obtainment

Most people believe that transferring water from Earth is the best way to supply a space settlement like Galatea, but
this is not the case due to the enormous amount of energy necessary to complete this procedure. Furthermore, this
means of transportation is prohibitively expensive, as one liter of water costs nearly $10,000 to convey from Earth to
the Moon. The easiest procedure of water acquisition is through mixing oxygen and hydrogen gas with the use of
electricity. This method presents one major advantage due to the fact that it can be reversed in order to obtain
oxygen and hydrogen. However, in order for the reaction to work, energy is needed. The chemical equation can be
seen down below:

2H2 + O2 → 2H2O + electricity

The reversed reaction (2H2O + electricity → 2H2 + O2) can be used as a method of obtaining oxygen.The released
hydrogen gas can also be used as fuel, or it can be combined with carbon dioxide to create water and methane,
forming the Sabatier reaction.

4H2 + CO2→ 2H2O + CH4

23
Extraction from lunar soil and lunar ice is another way of collecting water on the moon. As multiple
hypotheses state, certain areas of the moon, such as the poles, have minor amounts of water in the
form of ice. This ice can be removed through the use of a technique known as " cold trapping," which Task Water usage
involves exposing the ice to the extraordinarily cold temperatures of the lunar poles. This technique
can be carried out with the help of robots, rovers or even drones that have been specially developed Shower 75 liters
to operate in these severe conditions. The extraction of water from the lunar atmosphere is the final
approach for acquiring water on the moon. This is accomplished through a process known as "water
vapor condensation," in which water vapor from the lunar atmosphere is condensed into liquid water.
Flushing the 10 liters
toilet
This approach is currently in its early stages of study and development, so we are uncertain of its
efficiency
Dishwashing 20 liters(two
machine loads per
9.1.2. Water Management week)

Water is a need for a well-functioning civilization such as the one on Galatea. So, in order to design an Washing 30 liters (two
optimum water system, we'll first establish how much water a person uses on a daily basis. A person machine loads per
uses around 137 liters of water each day on average. As a result, we predicted that our people will
drink 600.060.000 liters per year, which equates to 1.644.000 liters per day. A table describing daily month)
water use is linked below. Also, because we think that water is a valuable resource to humanity, we
will follow a rigorous policy of conserving as much water as possible as we teach our residents about Drinking 2 liters
preserving this precious asset. Furthermore, the water will be kept in tanks on Galatea and supplied
to the rest of the community via a network of pipelines. The water system will be divided into two
parts: the main system, which will be used on a daily basis, and the secondary system, which will have
Hands/teeth 18 liters
washing
its own network of pipes and a different method of purification and will be located in a different part
of the settlement in case the main water system is compromised by an unforeseen event.

24
9.1.3. Water Purification
Water purification is essential to the health of our residents. This process removes water impurities, microorganisms using chemical procedures as well as
physical and biological. There are several ways to purify water, including chemical procedures like chlorination and ozonation, physical methods like
filtration and sedimentation, and biological ones like the use of bacteria.

9.1.3.1. Coagulation and Flocculation

Is a chemical method that treats water by introducing coagulants that react with water impurities, resulting in much bigger and heavier particles which
settle on the bottom.

https://arpedia.ro/de-ce-avem-nevoie-de-apa-2/
9.1.3.2. Sedimentation
Sedimentation is the process that removes solids that settle in the water.

9.1.3.3. Filtration
The clear water at the top is filtered once more to remove any remaining particles
and microorganisms by using a sand filter media.

9.1.3.4. Disinfection
The process of removing or decreasing hazardous bacteria from water is known as
disinfection. There are a variety of ways to accomplish this, including chlorination
and ultraviolet (UV) radiation. In order to do this, we have opted to use UV
radiation, which in turn uses UV light to contaminate the DNA of any surviving
microbes and prevent them from procreating. We will add fluoride to the water to
correct the pH after the disinfection process. By doing this, we prevent corrosion
in the pipes and ensure that the disinfectants work to keep the water clean as it
passes through the pipes.

25
9.1.4. Adjusting the water pH.
We will add fluoride to the water to correct the pH after the disinfection process. By
doing this, we prevent corrosion in the pipes and ensure that the disinfectants work to
keep the water clean as it passes through the pipes.

9.1.4.1. Distillation
In addition, distillation will be used as an alternative method in the event the primary
system fails due to an unforeseen circumstance. Through heating and condensation, a
water distillation system disinfects water by eliminating contaminants. Typically, the
system comprises a heating element, a water storage container, and a separate water
purification storage container. The contaminants are removed from the water
by condensing the steam after it has been heated till it turns to steam. The separate
container is used to collect the filtered water. Water is then deemed safe to drink by
using this procedure to remove microorganisms and dissolved solids.

9.4.1.2. Water storage

After being filtered and cleansed, the water will be sent through pipes beneath the
tori to an irrigation system with a certain amount of water to maintain the green spaces
fresh and clean.

After that, the remaining water is handed over using pipes to a big tank in each section
of the torus.

All the tanks will be positioned in the center of the respective section so that the water
travels the shortest way to the place where it is needed

26
9.2 Energy
Energy is essential for a space settlement's functioning and survival. It is utilized for both fundamental
requirements like lighting and warmth, as well as for more complex technology like propulsion and
communication. A space settlement would be unable to function without a steady supply of energy. In
a space settlement, the best way to generate electricity is by using solar panels . The panels turn
sunlight into electricity, which is subsequently utilized to power the settlement's numerous systems and
equipment. One advantage of deploying solar panels in space is that they may be exposed to
considerably more sunlight than on Earth, resulting in increased energy generation. Also, solar panels
require little maintenance as they can last for decades with minimal upkeep.
However, the panels would have to be built to survive harsh space conditions including high
temperatures, radiation, and micrometeoroids. Solar panels are often built of semiconductor materials
such as silicon. PV cells, often known as solar cells, are the basic components of solar panels. Sunlight is
then converted into power using these cells. To guarantee that the solar panels work more efficiently,
we will use multijunction solar cells in their fabrication. Multi-junction solar cells, also known as tandem
solar cells, are a form of solar cell that uses several semiconductor materials to catch different
wavelengths of sunlight, resulting in greater efficiency than single-junction solar cells.
Laboratory examples of multi-junction cells have demonstrated performances surpassing 46% under
intense sunlight, whereas the standard crystalline silicon solar cell has an efficiency between 20 and 25%.
( the exact conditions we experience in space) Multiple layers of semiconductor materials are piled on
top of one another, with each layer tailored to capture a certain spectrum of light wavelengths. Each
layer is intended to have a particular band gap energy, which is the amount of energy necessary to
excite an electron from the valence band to the conduction band. Because the top layer has a lower
band gap energy than the lower layer, it may absorb higher energy photons while the lower layer
absorbs lower energy photons. Multijunction solar cells are now employed in high-efficiency space
applications such as satellites and space missions such as the Mars rover missions.

27
Lighting

Our illumination system will be one that utilizes LED lights. LEDs, or light-
emitting diodes, are a type of energy-efficient lighting that can provide a
wide range of benefits for our community. Energy consumptio Numbe Consumptio The
LED lights are highly efficient, transforming a significant portion of the n r​ n​ area desig
energy they consume into light. In contrast, typical incandescent bulbs activity​ nated
generate a significant quantity of heat while converting only a small to solar
percentage of the energy they consume into light. This great efficiency is
panels(m
crucial in a space settlement where space and resources are scarce.
A second advantage of LED lights is that they have a long lifespan, often 2)​
lasting for tens of thousands of hours. Contrary to other types of illumination Engines​ 140​ 56.000 kw​ 352.000​
methods, LEDs are easier to replace in case they malfunction and they are
also less expensive. Humans​ 12.000​ 60.000 kw​ 672.000​
LED lights have a low environmental effect in addition to their technical
advantages. They do not contain harmful chemicals such as mercury and
can be easily recycled at the end of their life. This effect was particularly Apparatus​ around Around
important to us, therefore we decided to equip Galatea with an LED lighting 400.000kw​ 4.571.000​
system.
Finally, in order to save up as much energy as possible, all street lights will TOTAL​ 5.595.000​
be turned on for the first 14 hours of the day and turned off for 10 hours.

28
 9.3. Atmosphere
Galatea's atmosphere will be similar to Earth's, with a high proportion of nitrogen (78%) and oxygen (21%). Aside from these gasses, the air will
contain carbon dioxide (0.04%) and argon (0,9%). Because nitrogen exists in extremely small quantities on the Moon's surface, we will send
robots and drones to Mars to harvest nitrates and ammonium (which is tied to aluminosilicate minerals) from the planet's soil as well as
nitrogen from the Martian atmosphere. Nitrogen will be extracted from nitrates using the following chemical reaction:

2 NO3- + 10 e- + 12 H+ → N2 + 6 H2O
Oxygen will be obtained from two sources, the first of which will be our plants. The plants release oxygen after finishing their photosynthetic
process, which we will store in tanks and send to the torus via a pipe network, similar to how water is transported. The secondary technique of
acquisition involves the use of robots to harvest oxygen gas from Mars' atmosphere. Argon can be found in the exosphere of the Moon and the
atmosphere of Mars, thus these will be the primary zones from which we will collect argon. Carbon dioxide will be taken from Mars’
atmosphere since it takes up 95% of its composition.

Temperature
The average temperature on Galatea will be 23° C which is approximately 296.15 K

Pressure
Because we want to simulate the conditions on Earth as much as possible, the pressure on Galatea will be 1 atm.
The volume of our atmosphere will be about the volume of a torus 276.000.000.m.

29
9.4 Agriculture
9.4.1. Plant Culture
Agriculture represents the main source of food for the residents of Galatea. With that in mind we have decided to implement the High Pressure Aeroponic
System. The benefits of this system are substantial and are being listed below:

○ the plants need nor soil nor water as the plants grown using this method spend 99,8% of their time in air and only 0,02% in contact with the nutrient-
based solution.

○ this system distinguishes itself through the accelerated growth of the plants that are known to develop twice as fast as the ones using the
Hydroponic System.

○ the Aeroponic System is also more cost-effective than the already mentioned Hydroponic System, as it requires a reduced quantity of nutrients,
water and volume of solution.
As the High-Pressure Aeroponic System commonly transforms nozzles into mist, it has encountered a number of technical issues with maintenance, and so
this type of technology was prevented from being implemented on a larger scale and is nowhere to be found in agricultural applications such as
greenhouses. With that in mind we have found a better form of implementing this system in the technology currently developed by LettUs Grow that
generates high-frequency sound waves, through ultrasonic technology, which disperses the water into droplets that take the form of a mist. The said system
shall be automized and the temperature, lights, water, and ultrasonic technology will be controlled with a simple touch of a button through a mobile-based
application. We shall store our agricultural department into the main cylinder where they will benefit from zero-gravity zones. For the much-needed
illumination we shall use LED lights, as it produces the foremost photosynthetically active radiation (the light used by plants). LEDs also produce less heat
than the other lights and so saves energy and money by reducing the air conditioner needed and have a higher life expectancy. On this matter the colors of
the LEDs will be green and red as research has shown that they have an important effect on plant growth and flowering. On our space settlement we shall be
taking plants such as lettuce, basil, cabbage, raspberry, potatoes, watermelon, grapes, onions, carrots and tomatoes as they have recorded a superior
performance in promoting growth under LEDs lights.

30
9.4.2. Cultured meat (or lab-grown meat)

It is well known that meat represents one of the main sources of vitamins,
minerals and protein in our daily diet, making meat indispensable for our
space settlement. The traditional way of providing meat for the residents of Vegetables Meat
Galatea would be to bring different types of animals aboard, but that would
prove to be ineffective, time and space-consuming and would come at a high
cost. Also, it will spare innocent animals from being slaughtered by eliminating
the traditional methods of obtaining meat. With that in mind we have decided Quantity per 0,187 kg 0,113
that the best course of action would be to enforce a system of lab-grown meat, day kg
where the needed cells are harvested from a living animal, which will be put
under anesthesia to relieve it from as much pain as possible. After the sample
has been collected, the cells are then grown in a steel cultivator which
represents a sterile environment where the cells can develop, providing Quantity per 1,3115 kg 0,791
temperature control and normal pH levels. The final step will consist of week kg
harvesting the desired cell density and then shaping them into identifiable
meat products. And so, we shall take samples for our space settlement from
animals such as cows, chickens, sheep and different types of fish.
Quantity per 68,25 kg 41,24
year kg

31
10. Lifestyle on the settlement
10.1. Healthcare
Maintaining the well-being of our residents is one of our priorities as we believe that a society cannot prosper with a sick
population, Galatea will provide an excellent medical service, using cutting-edge technology. In each torus, there will be placed a
hospital with permanent activity and highly qualified staff working along with AI systems. An organ and tissue bank will also be
placed in one torus, in order to be able to perform organ transplantation. Artificial Intelligence is already used in healthcare in
areas such as medical diagnostics, clinical trials, pain management and improving patients’ hospital experience. Being able to
stock large datasets, AI provides essential information about the patient faster and more efficiently than regular staff, as it is quite
difficult for clinicians to keep up with their medical updates and still maintain patient-centered care. Therefore, we aim to expand
the uses of Artificial Intelligence in the medical field, by engaging such systems in our medical research. Prevention is the key to
keeping a healthy lifestyle, therefore every citizen of our spaceship should do exercise and physical therapy, at least twice a week,
have a balanced diet full of nutrients and regularly attend therapy sessions.

Furthermore, periodical blood tests will be performed in order to detect any suspicion of disease and to treat the sick. People
found suffering from contagious diseases will be immediately sent to isolation rooms, where they can be kept under supervision
by our medical staff, in order to avoid the intercommunity, spread of the virus.

32
10.2. Education

We want our residents to benefit from the best educational system possible, as we believe that an educated society has greater chances of
prosperity.

Therefore, Galatea will have 4 elementary schools, 4 middle schools, 4 high schools, situated in each torus, and a university.

The students will acquire knowledge in subjects such as Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Astronomy, Computer Science, English,
Ecology and Safety. Moreover, they will be exposed to Art and Physical Training as we believe that art heals the mind and sports strengthen
the body.

Grades will be assigned in order to reflect the knowledge of the pupil and will be stored on the tablet each student will receive at the
beginning of the school year. Furthermore, each tablet will have stored all the textbooks and will give students the chance to take notes on
the same device. We have opted for an electronic system rather than traditional paper, in order to reduce the cost of producing paper and
to lower the medical effects caused by heavy lifting. After graduating high school, pupils who show interest in pursuing their studies in
higher education can attend the university which will be dived into several departments, each specialty having a different duration ranging
from 2 to 6 years. The ones who choose not to go to college can still find jobs in the entertainment area, agriculture and other services.

Our education system will provide counselling for any student who encounters learning difficulties, as we are focused on the accumulation
of the child’s knowledge, not on the mere assignment of grades.

33
10.3. Entertainment
Our entertainment area consists of 3 parts:

The first part of our entertainment area is represented by malls. Both zones of Galatea have one mall in which our residents can find
restaurants, clothes shops and supermarkets. To increase the happiness levels of our residents, we have decided that the dishes in every
restaurant shall be different so that our people can live a life similar to the one on Earth. In addition to this, our shops will sell clothing
items that are appropriate for the zone in which the shop is located. The supermarkets’ main products will be vegetables that are
grown using our Aeroponic systems and the artificial meat that is developed within our labs.

The second part of the entertainment area is slightly different. Using virtual technology that our scientists have developed, we can
offer our citizens multiple ways of entertainment ranging from physical activities like football, tennis and basketball to different games
like bowling, darts, pool and chess. Everyone will be handed a VR headset that they can use for entertainment purposes, including
playing sports, viewing art exhibitions and also visiting museums. The art exhibitions that can be seen in our virtual reality consist of
NFTs that artists create.

The third and last part of our entertainment area consists of museums. The museums can be found in the centre of each zone,
and have one of the most important roles in our culture. The museums shall be split in two parts. The first one will contain pieces of
information about our ship’s history and how it was created and the second part of the museum will display scientific information the
great discoveries that our researchers have made.

36
10.4. Economy

Along with electronic currency, we We have established a standard salary, In order to maintain a
have implemented a system where which will cover all the basic needs of a sustainable and balanced
each Galatea resident will be person. However, it can be boosted if living on the spaceship,
assigned a pair of eye lenses, the job has a major impact on the each resident will be
stocking all their financial ship’s advancement, being therefore assigned a certain amount
information. The iris can be scanned essential, or if the individual shows of food, water, and

Trade
Currency

Salaries
at every institution on the increased productivity and electricity, thus consisting
spaceship in order to either identify considerable achievements. of a ‘’living package’’.
the carrier or make bank However, the spaceship will
transactions. provide numerous products
ranging from clothing
pieces to drugs, which will
be available on the market,
and which will not be
included in the ‘’living
package’’. The manufacture
of all the items will take
place on the spaceship and
after production, all the
items can be found in our
stores.

35
10.5. Industry
Galatea was designed in order to be industrially independent, being able to its own
production. Therefore, we have concluded that our main areas of interest are the food
processing industry, textile industry, chemical industry, and metallurgical industry. All
of which will be situated in the octagonal prism.

The food processing industry

Will be based on vegetable, fruit, and animal products, collected from our agricultural
lab. After being collected a part of the products will be sent to the supermarkets while
the other one will go through food processing, in order to create more complex
products and to expand their preservation time.

The Textile Industry

In this industry, we are focused on long-lasting pieces of clothing in order to reduce waste, therefore we have decided that cotton is the
best option. Being able to grow in our agricultural labs, cotton can be easily manipulated and is easy to maintain.

The chemical industry

The well-being of our residents is a main priority, therefore we are focused on offering the best medical services, thus there will be a department dedicated
to the production of drugs. Our factory will rely on plants grown in the agricultural area, for instance, potatoes, corn and carrots can be used for the
manufacturing of antibiotics, vaccines and specific medications.
Moreover, our chemical labs will also research and process rocks and other space matters, found on celestial bodies, aiming to discover new information
about the universe.

The metallurgical industry

Will process metals such as iron, titanium and aluminum.

36
 10.6. Relations with Earth
Galatea will collaborate with Earth on a number of projects to improve the economy of the spaceship and make up for building costs
in order to guarantee the improved operation of our space settlement. With that in mind we shall partake in activities such as tourism
as our space settlement will act as a tourism center for those who want to experience the marvels of outer space. They will
be assigned to spend their holiday in a hotel from where they will venture across the ship. Galatea will also be a hub for education
since it will be home to multiple colleges that will provide Earthlings the chance to study in the space city while having access to the
most advanced technology. They can enroll thanks to scholarships provided by the mentioned universities, which will be awarded
after a commission board assesses each applicant and selects the one most suitable for life beyond Earth's atmosphere. Galatea shall
also act as a neutral space for diplomatic missions providing a secure area for the emissaries of each embassy. However, in the event
that a disaster strikes Earth, the space settlement will serve as a safe haven.

The people can thus seek refuge within the spaceship. If the human species disappears, Galatea will attempt to repopulate the
planet, or if the planet's surface is severely damaged, our scientists will focus all of their efforts on finding a means to terraform
the planet's surface back to its pre-human condition. As Galatea assumes its function as a light for the resuscitation of mankind,
we will also send search parties throughout this period to locate habitable planets from which we may begin the human race
again.

37
10.7 Transportation
We have decided to implement a transportation system in order to facilitate the movement of our residents inside Galatea. We wanted
our means of transport to be both eco-friendly and to occupy as limited a space as possible.

Therefore, we have opted for electric scooters, as they are electrically powered reduce the level of pollution, and are easy to be stored.
Having an autonomy of 50 km with a single charge estimated between 2 and 3 hours a single scooter can reach a speed of over 25km/ h.

The scooters dispose of an advanced system that alerts the driver via light signs to prevent accidents and when encountering obstacles.

The display shows various icons, for instance, one of them indicates the level of the battery left and the estimated time until the scooter
will be automatically turned off. In addition, each scooter comes with full protective equipment in order to prevent the driver from
getting injured.

The scooter has a minimal design with a small cubic storage box that opens using the driver’s fingerprint. The storage space has a
compartmentation system that can suffer minor changes in order to give a perfect fit for the stocked items.

Each residence will benefit from 2 electric scooters and 2 scooter chargers. We have also installed 2 charging stations in each torus, where
drivers can leave their scooters to restore their batteries or where they can borrow one of them.

38
11. Government
Best form - A solid way of organizing power in this newly formed society is how order can persist and our maximum productivity
and social stability can be achieved. The main purpose of a government is creating and imposing rules in which society is
constrained and managing defense, foreign affairs, the economy and public services. Mainly we need to focus on what current
types of government to take after and how they can improve or impede our efficiency.

Democracy
At its core, this form of organization is meant to govern through fair and free elections, in which every citizen has the right to
choose the individual or political party of their choice.
Civic participation is a key part of democracy, which advocates for human rights protections and law and order.
Since the winner of an election is decided by the majority, abuses of power are preventedand, enforced by mandates, which
ensure the leading positions are not permanently controlled by a single set of politicians.

Communism
A single party holds the entire power of the state, often authoritarian in its rule, striving to achieve a classless society that
distributes goods and services as needed.
Communist states base themselves on public ownership and communal control of economic production, which ranges from
the workforce to capital goods and natural resources.
However, the rule of communist parties leads to such as totalitarianism, restriction of human rights and cultural censorship
as well as political repression.

Constitutional monarchy
The monarch exercises his power according to a set of laws established by the citizens and its title is unipersonal and lifelong
meaning that it is exercised by only one person until his death or abdication voluntarily or not that its role is passed down
in a hereditary way between the monarch’s own relatives.
With that in mind, we have ruled out this type of government as the power is passed down through generations of the same
family therefore the ruling party is prone to nepotism and favoritism.
39
Constitutional monarchy
The monarch exercises his power according to a set of law established by the citizens and its title is unipersonal and lifelong meaning that it is exercised by
only one person until his death or abdication voluntarily or not that its role is passed down in a hereditary way between the monarch’s own relatives.

With that in mind, we have ruled out this type of government as the power is passed down through generations of the same family therefore the ruling
party being prone to nepotism and favoritism.

Socialism
Encourages cooperation between members of society, rather than competition, and each person contributes to and benefits from the system according to
their needs and abilities.

Socialism is the cornerstone of the Scandinavian nations of Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden. They all adhere to socialist policies that
combine free-market capitalism with extensive public works, including free healthcare, free education, a comprehensive welfare state, and high
percentages of unionized workers. This approach essentially combines the collective nature of communism with the private ownership and competitiveness
of capitalism.

Like communism, goods and services are distributed as needed by a centralized, democratically elected government that manages them, but still allows
individuals to own property

Nevertheless, this form of government extinguishes itself through slow economic development and the potential lack of motivation experienced by the
workers due to lesser rewards.

One major problem that stands at the very foundation of socialism is inevitably the very individual that it seeks to rule, as the majority of people do not want
others to have more than they do. And so, without an external pressure most individuals continue to pursue their own interests rather than working for the
common good. For example, we could even consider the high-ranking members of socialist parties which once in power are only concerned by their private
affairs rather than the needs of the ones they rule.

40
 Requirements for Prime-Minister

In the light of those stated above we have chosen to implement a democratic type of government Over 35 years old.
as it guarantees fundamental human rights and allows for a high level of political equality. Also, it
promotes freedom of speech, life, liberty, property rights, inclusiveness and equality as well as Having no criminal record.
citizenship and freedom of assembly.
Having a history of great involvement in community
Furthermore , our Constitution will be modelled after the Universal Declaration of Human Rights
services.
but with a few modifications which will be listed below:
Articles 13 to 15 shall not invoke the words “nationality” or “country” as our residents possess upon Needs to pass through a psychological test to attest
passing the needed selection tests and boarding the spacecraft the status of citizen of Galatea as that his mental fit to rule.
our space settlement acts as a neutral and shared space between the nations on Earth similar to Needs to possess a higher education.
the ISS. Also, it is important to note that the individual can maintain their previous nationality as
we seek to embrace and protect every resident’s individual identity and respective culture.
However, all individuals born on the space settlement will not inherit their parents’ nationality and Requirements for councilor
shall only hold the status of citizen of Galatea.
Over 27 years old.
Our government will so be ruled by a prime-minister which is aided in his quest by a
council similar to the Senate as its members will address every need of the citizens which live on
Having no criminal record.
their assigned territory that they have to represent. The council will consist of four elected
members, each representing one of the fourth sectors of our space settlement (each torus is dived
into two parts each if it’s one cold and hot season). The respective representatives will be aided by Having a higher education diploma.
a secretary of affairs. The aforementioned secretary is designated to maintain excellent
relations with the settlers of Galatea and seek to their need. Needs to maintain an excellent relation with the people
that he/she represents and knowing their needs.

Voting requirements

Over 21 years old.

Having complete mental faculties.

41
12.1 Security force on Galatea 12.2. Law enforcing
To safeguard the safety of our inhabitants, we will establish a task force whose institutions
mission will be to restore order and security aboard the space settlement. The
security branch will be split into two sections. Common police officers who have Police
successfully completed a series of challenging physical and mental tests modelled
after those administered by the Police Academy on Earth will make up the first party.
The second sector will consist of specially trained agents who will intervene inside the Preserving order through their lawful powers of arrest and use of force
spacecraft in the event of a disaster such as an asteroid collision that could cause legitimized by the state.
chaos and hysteria among the population. These soldiers will also maintain order by
directing the populace to the designated safe area.
On the space station, four centralized institutions, each tasked with
supervising a quarter of the torus’ area.
The hierarchy of the police shall be listed below:
Equipped with drones for surveillance and benefiting with access to road
The Police Commissioner cameras, installed every 100m and using 360-degree sensors for optimal
Under-Commissioner monitoring.
Inspector
Chief
Agent Ages between 21 and 45, all applicants will have to go through a series of
physical and mental evaluations to ensure they are apt to join the police
The hierarchy of the special task force will be described beneath: force.

Executive Agent
Chief Agent
Courts
Unit Chief
Special Agent Adjudicating legal disputes between parties and carrying out
administration of justice in accordance with the rule of law.

Prisons

Buildings housing convicts to treat or supervise them in accordance with

the sentence they have been given.

42
13. Research
As our mission is one of a kind, designing something that others just dreamed of we have decided to continue to expand upon our now reduced knowledge of
space through a number of researches conducted by our scientists in the labs that our space settlement possesses. With that in mind we have decided to
study upon the reengineering of human genetics in the possibility of long-term space travel to Mars for example or even settlement on other planets.

13.1. Long-term space travel using genetics

This type of project was already made feasible in a research that occurred in orbit between 2015 and 2016 during which astronaut Scott Kelly spent nearly a
year there while his twin brother Mark Kelly remained on Earth. The goal of this experiment was to examine how the environment affects a person's genome
and health given that all participants had the same fundamental DNA. At the conclusion of the experiment, Scott Kelly's genome had undergone significant
change because, as he left the Earth's atmosphere, almost a thousand genes started to change. This investigation has uncovered the dangers to which our
astronauts are subject as soon as they go into space. As people are not designed to endure the high radiation encountered when off Earth, the establishment
of a community on another planet is only a distant dream in current circumstances.

In light of the aforementioned factors, we think that the next step that humanity needs to take in order to enable long-distance space travel and possibly even
the establishment of human settlements on other planets is to modify the DNA of incoming space travellers using gene editing and make them radiation-
resistant. Additionally, this kind of technology has a wide range of uses since it may be employed to counteract the negative impact radiation has on healthy
cells during cancer therapies. Another alternative that we have studied is combining the DNA of animals that can already withstand the effects of radiation.
For example, tardigrades, often known as water bears, are a hybrid between a caterpillar and a naked mole rat that can survive the extreme cold of space
without the use of a space suit. As mentioned above, we would aim to cross the human genome with the Milnesium tardigradum a species of water bears.
This breed was further studied in September 2007.The experiment consisted of launching two species of tardigrades which were exposed to radiation,
vacuum and low temperature and only three specimens of Milnesium tardigradum survived the full spectrum of ultraviolet radiation. Taking that into
account, combining the human DNA with the one of tardigrades, our species will be more resistant to the radiation encountered in space and other threats
while exploring the vastness of outer space and so we shall direct our efforts into finding a viable way of achieving the crossing of the said DNA’s.
43
 13.2. Cybernetics
Another sort of study that will be carried out aboard our spaceship will
involve cybernetic improvements that will boost the many functions of the human
body, such as infusing nanorobots into our bloodstream to stop and combat
various ailments. Additionally, our scientists will continue to work on creating and
improving a brain-computer interface using chips implanted in our brains, which
essentially augments our brains by linking them directly to the cloud and even the
Internet. Firstly, by researching this kins of technology we will therefore be able to
access someone's memory with the family's permission in the case of an untimely
death brought on by events that are unprecedented, allowing us to better comprehend
the circumstances surrounding the death. A person's memory backup in the cloud
may also be lifesaving if they find themselves in a variety of situations where their
lives are in danger because their memory is saved on a secure server and can only
be accessed with their family's permission. Secondly by linking our brains to
the Internet, we will also be able to think more quickly and flexibly since
we won't need to rely on our smartphone or laptop, which are already extensions of
who we are, or their finite battery life, as we have become accustomed to do.

The adoption of eye lenses, which will be most useful for identifying the individual and
their personal information such as name, age, and employment, is another significant
project that will be created aboard our space settlement. By doing this, the
requirement for an identity card is eliminated because your information can be verified
immediately. Additionally, these glasses will be shown to be essential for self-
authentication while making transactions or exchanging personal
information. Additionally, we will keep the bank account information of the said
individual through the previously installed chip that is connected to the cloud/Internet,
making it easy to pay for your chosen things by just scanning your glasses. Using these
lenses will also somewhat change how one sees their environment because the
brain's Internet access will display information like the current temperature and the
date.
https://ceet.news.niu.edu/
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13.3. Space settlements on the Moon
In order to make better use of the resources found on Earth's natural satellite, our researchers will also focus their combined efforts on building a
settlement on the Moon. They will also carry out various experiments to ascertain the challenges of terraforming the Moon by examining its magnetosphere
and gravitational pull and subsequently identifying ways to compensate for the absence of atmosphere, which is a very thin layer of gases unfit to support
humans. We believe it is in our best interest to look into ways to build a self-sustainable Moon habitat using 3D printed models which will be covered
utilizing lunar regolith the printed structure to shield the module from radiations. We believe it is in our best interest to look into ways to build a self-
sustainable Moon habitat using 3D printed models from our space settlement and then, upon arrival on the Moon, using lunar regolith to cover the before
printed structure because terraforming the Moon presents a number of complications and we cannot be completely certain that it is the best solution to
the problem of an overpopulated Earth as it will take centuries to achieve. From then, we'll concentrate our study on finding an appropriate bacterium,
which will enable us to change the soil such that it can support plant growth and launch Moon's agriculture. In 2019, scientists sent a tiny 2, 6 kilogram
biosphere to the far side of the Moon for this sort of experiment. Two leaves emerged from the seeds throughout the lunar days, which roughly correspond
to 14 days on Earth, but it perished during the lunar night, when temperatures drop significantly (-190C). By providing heat through mining oxygen and
hydrogen we shall fuel our heaters. We will also mine water from the craters that are present on the Moon’s surface which contain large quantities of frozen
water.

We have chosen to research ways to build settlements on the Moon, rather than on Mars given our space settlements proximity to Earth’s natural satellite
and by so making it far more accessible. Also, Martian soil is quite different from the one we encounter on Earth as silicon dioxide is joined by highly oxidized
metals such as ferric oxide or aluminum oxide. Though it might seem that the Red Planet is a better option for establishing a settlement because it has a lot
of water, both in solid and gaseous forms, and because it has a larger surface and a stronger gravitational acceleration than the Moon, it is known that liquid
water once flowed on the planet. However, Mars has several disadvantages that the Moon does not, like as its distance from the Sun, which results in it
receiving less solar energy, which may be shown to be essential in creating a settlement since it can power it. Mars' atmosphere is also prone to radiation
that can reach deadly quantities for our species, as well as strong winds, topography that shifts like sand dunes on Earth, and regular sandstorms.

According to the findings of an experiment carried out in 2007, the magnetic field of the Earth shields the Moon from solar winds, greatly reducing the
impacts of radiation. Additionally, when it gains a positive charge during the day, the negative effects of protons and other positively charged ions are
lessened.
We believe that the Moon is a better option for establishing a settlement in light of the aforementioned factors because it is closer to Galatea and then
Earth, making communication easier and allowing information to be intercepted more quickly than it would on Mars. This makes the Moon essential in the
event of an emergency.

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 14. Space mining
Uses of Regolith
Regolith is the surface layer that covers the Moon and which consists of dust, soil or broken rocks, also known as Lunar soil.
Therefore, its abundance along with the fact that it contains numerous minerals, makes Regolith an important resource.

Lunar Regolith will be used in the construction field as it will be the main source for infrastructure development. Moreover,
given its high thermal and electrical conductivity, Regolith will be used for shielding and thermal control.

A study conducted by ESA shows a different approach to the extraction of oxygen from the lunar Regolith. Using the
method of molten salt electrolysis, instead of heating the Regolith to a temperature above 1600°C, is expected to be as the
study shows more efficient. This approach involves placing powdered regolith with calcium chloride salt and being heated
to 950°C, then a current is passed through, hence obligating the oxygen to migrate across the salt where it will be collected
at an anode.

The extraction of oxygen is necessary for the further obtainment of metals from the Regolith, and to continue the
processing of oxygen, which is essential to maintain life on Galatea spacestation.

https://www.linkedin.com/ 46
Given limited resources, the obtainment of some essential materials can be made by
mining in outer space. Therefore, we have decided that the exploitation of minerals
should be done on the Moon. Because of its proximity to Galatea and its resourceful
surface, the lunar body is the best solution for the extraction of minerals, which are
crucial for survival on the spaceship.

Essential materials found on the Materials Uses

moon Oxygen In the production of water, creating an

atmosphere, in medicine
Aluminum In building construction, the
The lunar surface is the host of various minerals necessary in order to sustain life on metallurgical industry, in the
our space station, therefore, in the following table, we have listed the materials manufacture of various items
needed and their uses.
Iron In construction, being a structural
material

Hydrogen In the food processing industry, to

Ablative arc technique create synthetic fuels, in the
manufacturing industry

Silicone In the medical industry (being the main

It is used to extract both water and metals, based on the creation of an electric arc component of eye lenses and chips),
that generates free ionized particles which can break any metal. Then the alike the textile industry, household tools
particles are transported using an electromagnetic field to a collector which will
ensure good storage conditions. Lunar Ice In agriculture, in medicine, in the food
processing industry, for human
consummation

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 15. Emergency Protocol
Phase Two Phase Three
According to the gravity of the situation at
In the event of a yellow
hand different emergency plans will be
or orange code, trained
enacted:

18%
professionals will be sent
to resolve the situation
Yellow code
whilst the threat will be
Only a minor living area was affected and the
isolated through
citizens are not in immediate risk. Evacuation
automatic steel doors.

48%
is not necessary as the damage ior more of
the area's s minor. Jupiter is the
In case a red code is
enacted the population
Orange code biggest one
will be led to the escape
pods which will be set
One assigned to the torus was affected and
Phase One on auto-pilot
so the evacuation of the residents of the said
In the event of a zones is mandatory and will be done with the
Mercury is the
calamity, our residents help of our Special Task Force which will

34%
will be alerted via their escort the residents to safe areas that have
smallest planet
pair of contact lenses not been damaged by the calamity at hand
and a warning shall be
issued through led Red code
screens placed in One or both torus have been critically
Mars is a cold
frequented space damaged. Evacuation is mandatory and will
within the tori which be done through escape pods.
place
will be accompanied
by a series of loud
noises.

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16. CONCLUSION
Outer space is still an enigma to humanity, what we know with certainty about it is limited, however, the complexity and its beauty perpetually
encourage our thirst for knowledge. Hence, Galatea takes a deep dive into the unknown, aiming to reveal some secrets kept in the universe’s
darkness, which will help us to understand space in depth.

With our project, we developed an ideal space station, where humans can challenge their boundaries and redefine space exploration, carrying out
various research aimed to help us understand the past in order to evolve in the future. If Galatea project proves to be a success, humans will
have reached a climax, where numerous opportunities for development and ways of conservating our species arise.

We cannot predict the future, but with the help of science fused with creativity, numerous scientifical projects have been called visionary, ahead of
their times and that is exactly what we wanted to do with Galatea. This project has given human race a chance of expanding their knowledge
regarding the universe.

49
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