The document discusses the structure of English, including syntax, phrases, clauses, and patterns. It defines syntax as the process of arranging words in sequences according to rules. Phrases are series of words that add meaning when strung together, and clauses contain a subject and verb. There are several types of phrases including noun, verb, adjective, adverb, prepositional, conjunctive, and interjectional phrases. Patterns in syntax involve things like determiners and modifiers in noun phrases, and verbs, auxiliaries, and modifiers in verb phrases. Reduced adjective clauses and parallel structure are also covered.
The document discusses the structure of English, including syntax, phrases, clauses, and patterns. It defines syntax as the process of arranging words in sequences according to rules. Phrases are series of words that add meaning when strung together, and clauses contain a subject and verb. There are several types of phrases including noun, verb, adjective, adverb, prepositional, conjunctive, and interjectional phrases. Patterns in syntax involve things like determiners and modifiers in noun phrases, and verbs, auxiliaries, and modifiers in verb phrases. Reduced adjective clauses and parallel structure are also covered.
The document discusses the structure of English, including syntax, phrases, clauses, and patterns. It defines syntax as the process of arranging words in sequences according to rules. Phrases are series of words that add meaning when strung together, and clauses contain a subject and verb. There are several types of phrases including noun, verb, adjective, adverb, prepositional, conjunctive, and interjectional phrases. Patterns in syntax involve things like determiners and modifiers in noun phrases, and verbs, auxiliaries, and modifiers in verb phrases. Reduced adjective clauses and parallel structure are also covered.
The document discusses the structure of English, including syntax, phrases, clauses, and patterns. It defines syntax as the process of arranging words in sequences according to rules. Phrases are series of words that add meaning when strung together, and clauses contain a subject and verb. There are several types of phrases including noun, verb, adjective, adverb, prepositional, conjunctive, and interjectional phrases. Patterns in syntax involve things like determiners and modifiers in noun phrases, and verbs, auxiliaries, and modifiers in verb phrases. Reduced adjective clauses and parallel structure are also covered.
patterns SYNTAX: PHRASES & CLAUSES *determiner + noun - the actress SYNTAX *determiner + single modifier + noun ● process of putting all words - the singer actress together in a sequence of pattern *determiner + series of modifiers + ● study of the principles, process, noun word order that rules sentences in - the pretty, singer actress a particular language *modifier + noun - pretty actress PHRASE
● series of words that are put noun phrase can be
together in order *subject - the girl keeps her room tidy ● necessary ingredients that add flavor to the language *direct object - i heard a beautiful music there ● each carries a meaning; strings of phrases arranged systematically *object of a preposition make meaning sentence - i left my things in the room - the manager gave my sister a new job | indirect object types
1. noun phrase noun phrase includes other phrases
2. verb phrase that function as a noun 3. adjective phrase *appositive phrase restates, defines, 4. adverb prase renames a noun 5. prepositional phrase - hugh jackman, a good actor, 6. conjuctive phrase portrays the character f wolverin in 7. interjectional phrase xmen
*infinitive phrase contains infinitive at the
beginning of phrase; combination of to and base form of verb ★ noun phrase - to lie is a mistake ○ consists a single modifier & noun / series of modifiers *gerund phrase starts w/ gerund - baking cake is my hobby ○ noun is one of the lexical units that is always present in *participial phrase starts w/ present or every utterance past participle; verbs but function as noun modifier & placed immediately after noun - knowing what i learned, you should not have asked
1 STRUCTURE OF ENGLISH BSEE23 Midterm/Finals Lecture ni Jaja BSED English 2-A
★ verb phrase functions
○ starts w/ verb & all cluster of *attributive ajective precedes the noun of words that follow a noun phrase - the girl, proud of her achievement.. ○ complete verb phrase functions as a predicate of the subject
patterns *main verb + modifier - he sits alone
*auxiliary verb + main verb
- i am amazed
*modal + main verb
- i can do that
*modal + auxiliary + main verb *predicative adjective follows a linking
- they might be leaving soon verb & defines the preceding subject - the girl is proud of her achievement *auxiliary verb + main verb + modifier complement - it has repreesnted ingenuity
types *finite verb phrase contains a single verb; head verb is in present / past form - only few students enroll this sem
*nonfinite verb phrase contains 2 or 3
verbs; head verb is participle / base form - i have waited for you - they might need your help
★ adjective phrase ○ adjective as the head of the ★ adverb phrase phrase & all that modifies a ○ adverbs & all functioning as noun or pronoun one unit in describing a verb, adjective, adverb adjective phrase can *initiate the sentence ○ show the how, when, where, - the highly suspicious man is why convicted for the crime *adverb phrase of manner how *appear at the middle something happened - they are abosultely enticing to me - i danced quite surprisingly well - i waited for you in total silence *conclude the sentence - you are nothing but amazing
2 STRUCTURE OF ENGLISH BSEE23 Midterm/Finals Lecture ni Jaja BSED English 2-A
*adverb phrase of place where *preposition + modifier + noun
something happened - we crossed paths along the narrow - i waited just right there road - i met you under the shade
*adverb phrase of reason why functions: preposition as
something happened *adverb modifier - i did it for his sake - i waited for a while
*adverb phrase of time when something *adjective modifier
happened - please go easy on the eyes - i waited yesterday morning *noun modifier *adverb phrase of frequency how often - the man with the mustache is a bit - i watch korean drama twice a week scary
★ adverbials ★ conjuctional phrase
○ words / phrases presented in ○ conducts the function of a a form of a phrase or clause conjuction
○ explain the meaning of the ○ includes
verb in a sentence a. either—or b. both—and *adverb individual word c. neither—nor - the players arrived here d. not only—but also e. not—but *adverbial phrase phrase f. as—as - the players arrived at the oval g. such—that h. as many as *adverbial clause clause i. scarcely / barely - when it rains, i stay home j. no sooner—than k. rather—than an adverb can be adverbial but an l. as well as adverbial cannot be entirely an adverb m. as soon as
★ prepositional phrase ★ interjectional phrase
○ preposition & its subject ○ express feelings, reactions, exclamations, greetings patterns *preposition + noun ○ hurrah! wow! awesome! - i left the package at home
*preposition + pronoun - he is commended by you
*preposition + gerund - we progress by acting
*preposition + clause - you’re interested in what i do?
3 STRUCTURE OF ENGLISH BSEE23 Midterm/Finals Lecture ni Jaja BSED English 2-A
REDUCED ADJECTIVE CLAUSE PARALLELISM
ADJECTIVE CLAUSE PARALLELISM IN GRAMMAR
● aka relative clause ● 2 or more phrases / clauses in a
● a group of words that modify or sentence that have the same describe a noun grammatical structure
PURPOSE REDUCED ADJECTIVE CLAUSE ● makes writing effective, classy, ● we reduce sentences when we certain to impress anyone who have the same subject in the reads your work main clause & adjective clause
● becomes an adjective phrase - olympic athletes usually like
which does not have a subject practicing, competing, and eating ice cream sandwiches ● adjective clauses have who, which, that - for dinner, we like lamb chops and brussels sprouts
- mary likes to hike, swim, and ride a
bicycle
- the production manager was asked
to write his report quickly, accuratey, and thoroughly
- initial trials showed that exposure
to the chemical caused memory problems, intermittent dizziness, and insomnia adjective clause reduction steps - the teacher said that he was a poor *omit relative pronoun (who, that, which) student becuase he waited until - the words that are underlined in the last minute to study for the red have errors exam, completed his lab problems in a careless manner, and lacked *omit the be form of the verb is there is motivation - the words are underlined in red have erros - mainstream economists have attributed the recession to several *change the verb to its present key causes: deregulation policies, participle form for active voice; past high interest rates, low participle for passive voice manufacturing orders, and asset - the words underlined in red have bubbles errors (passive) - students needing extra help should see a tutor (active)
4 STRUCTURE OF ENGLISH BSEE23 Midterm/Finals Lecture ni Jaja BSED English 2-A
RULE 6 PHRASE STRUCTURE RULES: TREE DIAGRAMMING ● pred = aux + vp (advl-n)
RULE 1 *aux auxiliary verb
*vp verbial phrase ● s = sm *adverbial = subj + pred
*s sentence RULE 7 *sm sentence modifier *subj subject ● aux = t *pred predicate = mc / pm / perf / prog = -imper
