Chapter 3

Digital Documentation
Class 9 Notes
Document: A document is a paper with written contents for example letters,
reports, thesis, manuscripts, legal documents, books, etc.
Documentation: The process of preparing a document is called documentation.
It is required to preserve the contents for a longer period or to be used as
evidence.
Word processing: Word processing is the use of computer software to enter,
edit, format, store, retrieve and print the document.
Word Processor: A word processor is a computer application used for the
production of printable material. In the beginning WordStar was the most widely
used word processor.

Web-based word processors are

• Google Docs
• Office 365 Word
• Microsoft OneDrive Word

Limitations of using Typewriter:

There are several limitations of using a typewriter, which are :
1) In case of any typing error, the whole sheet is required to be typed again.
2) Typewriter does not have all the required characters or symbols.
3) We can not prepare document in desired format.
4) To send same letter to two or more persons with different addresses requires
multiple typing efforts.

Difference between Manual typewriter and Electronic

typewriter
• Electronic typewriter • Manual typewriter

• It is possible to make changes • It is not possible to make

in the content. changes in the content.

• It is faster • It is slower

• It has small size screen to

• It has no screen
display the contents.
Features of Word Processor :
Following are the features of Word Processors
1. Create, edit, save, retrieve and print the document.
2. Copy the text to other places within the document.
3. Format paragraphs as well as pages.
4. Change the font size, font style of the text in the document.
5. Check spelling and grammar.
6. Create table, modify the size of the selected rows, columns or cells
7. Insert pictures or graphs within the document.
8. Print the selected text or selected pages of the document.

Office suite: Office suite is a collection of programs, which are useful for word
processing, spreadsheet preparation, presentation, and database management.

Create a new document :

Steps to create a new document:
• Keyboard shortcut : Ctrl+N;
• Mouse options : File →New → Text Document

Save a document :
Steps to save a document:
1. Select File → Save
2. Select the location on disk to save the file
3. Type a suitable name for the document
4. Click on Save button

To Save a document using password :

Steps to save a document using password are:
1. Select File → Save
2. Select the location on disk to save the file
3. Type a suitable name for the document
4. Put a tick on the checkbox Save with a password.
5. Type the password to open the file in Set password dialog box
6. Type the same password in the second box and click OK button
Components of the Writer window :
The various components of the Writer window are :

(a) Title bar : Title bar is located on the top of Writer window. It shows the name
of the document.
(b) Menu bar : It appears below the Title Bar. It shows the menu items like File,
Edit, View, Insert, Format, etc. On selecting a menu item, its submenu will open.
(c) Toolbars : The tool bar appears below Menu Bar. By default, the Standard
Tool Bar and Formatting Tool Bar will appear. The other tool bars can be
activated by clicking on ‘View’ menu, and selecting the ‘Toolbars’ of submenu.
(d) Standard toolbar: It contains commands in the form of icons.
(e) Formatting toolbar: It contains the various options for formatting a
document.
(f) Status bar : It is located at the bottom of the workspace. It displays the
number of pages, words, the language used, zooming, etc.
(g) Scroll button and scroll bar : It is used to scroll the document.
(h) Zoom : It allows to change the scale of the text and pictures in the document
only for view.
Text Cursor Movement :
The Text Cursor is a flashing vertical line in the body of the text. The 4 arrow
keys (←↑↓→) on the keyboard are called as cursor control keys.
Key Pressed Action Done

Home Key Text Cursor jumps in the beginning of the line.

End Key Text Cursor jumps at the end of the line.

Ctrl + Home Text Cursor jumps in the beginning of the

Key document.
 Text Cursor jumps in the beginning of the
Ctrl + End Key
document.

Mouse Pointer :
The mouse pointer (by default arrow shape) changes to I shape, when moved
over the text in a document.
Editing the document :
(a) Undo and Redo: If, by mistake, you have made some changes and now you
want to erase the last change done, then use the Undo option. After undo
command, again if you want to go back then use the Redo option. Shortcut
option for undo is Ctrl + Z and Shortcut option for redo is Ctrl + Y.

(b) Moving and copying text :

1) Cut and Paste : It is used to move a selected text from one place to another.
1. Select the text and click on Edit → Cut option or press Ctrl + X
2. Place the cursor where the text has to be moved.
3. Click on Edit → Paste option or press CTRL+V

2) Copy and Paste : It is used to make a duplicate copy of selected text.

1. Select the text and click on Edit→ Copy option or press CTRL+C.
2. Place the cursor where the text has to be duplicated.
3. Click on Edit→Paste option or press CTRL+V.
(c) Selecting text : Click where you want to begin the selection, hold down the
left mouse button, and then drag the pointer over the text that you want
to select. The selected text will be highlighted.
(d) Selection criteria :
To select a letter or letters Drag the Mouse across the letter(s)

Position the mouse pointer anywhere on that word

To select a single word at a
and
time
double click.

To select a complete Position the mouse pointer anywhere in the sentence

sentence and
at a time triple click.

Position the mouse pointer anywhere in the

To select a complete
paragraph and
paragraph at a time
quadruple click

To select a document Press Ctrl + A

(e) Selecting non-consecutive text items :
Steps to select non-consecutive text items are
1. select the first piece of text.
2. hold down the Ctrl key and use the mouse to select the next piece of text.
3. repeat as often as needed.

(f) Selecting a vertical block of text : To activate this press Ctrl + F8 from the
keyboard or select Edit → Selection Mode→ Block Area

(g) Find and Replace : This feature is used to search for a text and replace it
with other text.
1. Select Edit → Find & Replace (or press Ctrl + F), the dialog box will open.
2. Type the text to find in the Find box.
3. To change the text with different text, enter the new text in the Replace box

(h) Jumping to the page number : To jump to a particular page select the Edit
Menu→ Go to Page (Keyboard shortcut: Ctrl+G). Specify the page number in the
dialog box. The cursor will move to the first character of the specified page.

(i) Non-printing characters : To display the non-printing character(like

Spacebar, tab, enter etc.), press the toggle formatting mark (¶) or use keyboard
shortcut Ctrl + F10. The tab space is shown by → sign and spacebar is shown by
dot (.)

(j) Checking spelling and grammar : To check the spelling and grammar of the
document (or selected text), select Tools →Spelling and Grammar, or click the
Spelling and Grammar button on the Standard toolbar, or press the keyboard key
F7. The Spelling and Grammar dialog box opens.

(k) Using synonyms and the thesaurus : Synonyms are different words with
the same meaning. To find the synonyms of a word
Right-click on a word and point to Synonyms on the context menu. A submenu of
alternative words and phrases are displayed. Click on a word or phrase in the
submenu to replace it with the highlighted word.

Formatting a document:

Page Setup : To setup a page, select and click on the Format →PageSetup and
the Page option. It allows to select paper size and format (A4, A5,B4, Letter).
User can adjust ‘Orientation’ as Portrait or Landscape. The user can set the
Margins (Left, Right, Top, Down)
Formatting text :
Formatting Text refers to the formatting of paragraphs and characters. To do the
formatting, first select the text and then apply the required text formatting
features.

(a) Removing manual formatting : Select the text and choose Format → Clear
Direct Formatting from the Menu bar, or click the Clear Direct Formatting button
on the Formatting toolbar, or use Ctrl+M from the keyboard.

(b) Common text formatting : Some of the common text formatting features
generally used are
1. Changing font size – by selecting font size.
2. Changing font style – bold, italic, underline
3. Changing font type – by selecting font drop down.
4. Changing font colour – by selecting font colour icon.
The keyboard shortcuts for bold (Ctrl+B), for italic (Ctrl+I) and (Ctrl+U) for
underline.

(c) Changing text case : It is possible to change the case of the text. There are
6 Change Case options in LibreOffice Writer which are :
1. Upper Case
2. Lower case
3. Cycle Case
4. Sentence Case
5. Capitalize Every Word
6. Toggle Case

(d) Superscript and Subscript :

1. To apply superscript: Select the text and select Format → Text →
Superscript
2. To apply subscript: Select the text and select Format → Text → Subscript

Paragraph style
A paragraph in a document can have several sentences, a single sentence, a
single word, or no words at all. Every paragraph in Writer has a paragraph style
and any one can select the given options.
(a) Indenting paragraphs : Place the Text Cursor anywhere in the paragraph,
click on the ‘Increase Indent’ tool. the current paragraph’s indent will increase.
There is also a Decrease Indent tool that removes the indent.
(b) Aligning paragraphs : The paragraph can be aligned as Left, Right, Center
and Justify. To align the paragraph, place the text cursor in the title paragraph,
select the appropriate tool (Left, Right, Center or Justify) from the Format
Toolbar.

(c) Font colour, highlighting, and background colour : There are three more
tools—Font Color, Highlighting,
and Background tools on the Format Toolbar.

(d) Using the bullets and numbering : You can assign the bullets or numbering
to the list items in the document by using the options on the Bullets and
Numbering toolbar.

(e) Assigning background colour : Select the paragraph. Select Format

→Paragraph → Area→ Colour, then select the colour. After selecting, click ‘Ok’.

(f) Assigning border : Select the paragraph, then select Format → Paragraph
→Borders → Select Line – Style, Width, Colour. After selecting, click ‘Ok’.
Page formatting

(a) Page styles : Page styles define the basic layout of all pages in the
document. It includes page size, margins, header and footer, border and
background, number of columns, etc. The Default Style is assigned to the new
document by default.

(b) Inserting a page break : To break the current page select Insert → Page
Break from the Menu bar or use the keyboard command (Ctrl + Return).

(c) Creating header/footer and page numbers : Headers appear at the top of
every page. Footers appear at the bottom of a page. To insert header in the
document, select Insert →Header and Footer → Header. To insert footer in the
document, select Insert →Header and Footer → Footer.

Inserting images, shapes, special characters in a document

The regular text in the document can be made attractive and more informative by
inserting images, shapes and special characters in a document.

(i) Inserting image : To insert an image in your document, select Insert →

Image. A file manger will appear. Select the image file and click on Open button.
The image will get inserted in the file.
(ii) Inserting special characters : Sometime we may require to enter the special
character, such as ¶ or which cannot be typed by using the keyboard. To do this
select Insert → Special Character.

(iii) Inserting shapes : It is possible to insert various shapes in your document

like Lines, Arrows, Symbols, Stars etc. To do this select Insert → Shape and then
choose the further element you wish to insert.

Dividing the document page into columns :

To divide the page into columns, select Format →Column. A Column dialogue
box will appear. Enter the number of columns in the Column entry box. Give the
value for spacing between the columns and click OK.

Creating and managing tables :

(a) Creating a table

The representation of data in a tabular format is called as table. A table has a
number of rows and columns. The simplest way to create a table is Select Table
→ Insert Table from the Menu bar(or Press Ctrl+F12).

(b) Inserting rows and columns : Steps are :

1. Place the cursor in the row or column before or after which you want to
add new rows or columns.
2. Click on the Rows Above or Rows Below icons in the Table toolbar to
insert one row above or below the selected one.
3. Click on the Columns Left or Columns Right icons in the Table toolbar to
insert a column to the left or right of the selected one.

(c) Deleting rows and columns :

1. Place the cursor in the row or column you want to delete and do one of the
following:
• Click on the Rows or Columns icons on the Table toolbar.
• Right-click and choose Delete → Rows or Delete→ Columns.

(d) To split a table :

1. Place the cursor in a cell (the table splits immediately above the cursor).
2. Choose Table → Split Table from the Menu bar.
3. A Split Table dialog opens.
4. Click OK.
(e) To merge two tables :
1. Delete the blank paragraph between the tables.
2. Select any cell in one of the tables.
3. Right-click and choose Merge Tables in the context menu. You can also
use Table → Merge Table from the Menu bar.
(f) Deleting a table :
1. Click anywhere in the table.
2. Choose Table → Delete Table from the Menu bar.
(g) Copying a table :
1. Click anywhere on the table.
2. From the Menu bar choose Table → Select →Table.
3. Press Ctrl+C
4. Move the cursor to the target position
5. Press Ctrl+V
(h) Moving a table :
1. Click anywhere in the table.
2. From the Menu bar choose Table → Select →Table.
3. Press Ctrl+X
4. Move the cursor to the target position
5. Press Ctrl+V
6. Return to the original table, click somewhere in it and then choose Table
→ Delete Table from the Menu bar.
Print Preview :
Print preview is useful to check the document before printing. A user can check
that how the document will look like after printing. To print the document click File
→ Print or press Ctrl+P from keyboard.

Printing all pages, single and multiple pages :

There are following options to print the number of pages in a document.
1. To print all the pages in sequence, choose the option All pages.
2. To print a single page, or number of nonconsecutive pages, choose the
option Pages, and give the page numbers separated by comma. (for
example 3,5,8)
3. To print the pages that are consecutive choose the option Pages and give
the range of pages first and last page (for example 3-8).
4. To print only the selected text, choose the option, Selection.
Mail Merge :
Mail Merge is used to create a series of same documents with multiple
addresses. Mail merge is the process of merging the main document (letter or
certificates) with the mailing address of various persons. It is used to send
invitations, letters or to print certificates for several people.

Main Document : Document which contain common contents is called main

document.

Data Source : Data source contains values of the corresponding variables of the
main document.

Main Steps for Mail Merge are :

1. Create main document.
2. Create data source.
3. Specify the variable fields in the main document.
4. Merging the data with the main document.