LEVEL OF RESILIENCY AND EMOTIONAL EXHAUSTION AMONG

HEALTH WORKERS IN LUCENA CITY

An Undergraduate Research
Presented to the Faculty of the School of Psychology and Human Services
College of Sciences, Technology and Communication, Inc.

In Partial Fulfillment of the

Requirements for the Degree of
Bachelor of Science in Psychology

By

Briones, Christy
Marquez, Kimberly
Remo, Christine Mae
 CHAPTER 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

INTRODUCTION

Health workers, including nurses, doctors, respiratory therapists, and others, have a

significantly higher chance of being infected by the coronavirus. Particularly if they are

exposed to a large number of ill people, such as in an emergency department, or

respiratory secretions, such as intensive care unit healthcare providers.

Resilience is usually characterized as the ability to bounce back from adversity.

Health workers are primarily concerned with helping others, health workers can benefit

from resilience courses since they are professionally designed programs that can help

them acquire ability to preserve physical and emotional health, as well as social

relationships. Emotional exhaustion is a condition in which a person feel emotionally

exhausted and drained as a result of cumulative stress are obviously vulnerable to

emotional exhaustion.

This study is to provide an evidence-based overview of the level of personal

resiliency and emotional exhaustion effects on health workers during times of crisis and

other difficult working conditions, as well as to emphasize the importance of prioritizing

and protecting the mental health and well-being of the healthcare workers, especially in

light of the COVID-19 pandemic.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

This study determine the level of Personal Resiliency and Emotion Exhaustion

among Health Workers in Lucena City

Specifically, this study seeks to answer the following question:

1. What is the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of:

1.1 Age

1.2 Sex

2. What is the level of resiliency of the respondents?

3. What is the level of emotional exhaustion of the respondents?

4. Is there a significant difference in the level of resiliency when the respondents are

groups according to demographic profile?

5. Is there a significant difference in the level of emotional exhaustion when the

respondents are groups according to demographic profile?

6. Is there a significant relationship between level personal resiliency and emotional

exhaustion of respondents?

HYPOTHESES
 The following null hypotheses were tested in this study:

There is no significant difference in the level of when respondents are group

according to the demographic profile.

There is no significant difference in the level of emotional exhaustion when

respondents are group according to the demographic profile.

There is no significant relationship in the resiliency and level of emotional

exhaustion of health workers.

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

The researcher obtained sufficient literature and related concepts and theories to

support the study's variables.

Resilience is a good adaptation process in situations of trauma, tragedy, or

other stressful events. Resilience is not a personality trait but rather something that

involves behavior, thoughts, or actions that anyone can learn Mahmood & Ghaffar

(2014) define. Emotional exhaustion, which refers to feelings of being depleted of

one's emotional resources, isregarded as the basic individual stress component of

the syndrome Maslach & Jackson (1981).

This theory serve as the foundation It is also essential for the researchers to have

background knowledge regarding the level of resiliency and emotional exhaustion among

health workers.
THEORETICAL PARADIGM

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

Demographic Profile: Analysis of the

 Age significant difference

 Sex Seminar about

Resilience
Analysis of the Development for a
Level of Resiliency significant Better Welfare of
relationship Health Workers

Level of Emotional Analysis of the

Exhaustion significant relationship

Figure 1. Level of Resiliency and Emotional Exhaustion among Health Workers in

Lucena City

The input box, as illustrated in Figure 1, comprises the information needed from

the study participants which includes their demographic profile in terms of (1) age and

(2) sex. The figure 1 also contains the Level of Resiliency and level of Emotional

Exhaustion.

The process box shown the method needed which is the analysis of the

significant difference and significant relationship of the gathered data from the

questionnaires to determine the level of Personal Resilience and Emotional Exhaustion

of Health Workers.
 The output box contains the output of the research. Front liners: A Seminar about

Resilience Development for a Better Welfare of Health Workers is the output that will

help the respondents of the study after the research is conducted.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This study, with the aim of the researchers, is noted to be beneficial to the to the

following people, they are follows:

To the Health Workers , this study help health workers understand the

importance of their health and well-being. it also help them to have a knowledge about

their level of emotional exhaustion and personal resiliency.

To administrators/administration, For them to have some insights and

information in their search for better ways and means to improve the health workers and

to have some solutions on their problems.

To the future researchers, this study is serves as their preference and gives them

reliable information and idea to pursuing their future research. This is may also serve as

primary basis on conducting their research that is related to this study.

For students who want to become health care workers, so they can have

advanced knowledge of what challenges they may face and how to overcome it.

SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS

 The study concerned to determining the level of resiliency and emotional

exhaustion of health workers. The study will be conducted in Lucena City.

The researchers will use two sets questionnaires to find out the Level of

Resiliency and Level Emotional Exhaustion.

The researchers used descriptive-correlation design which is a type of research

design that seeks to gather data in order to systematically describe a phenomenon,

situation, or population. More particular, it assists in providing answers to the research

problem's what, when, where, and how questions instead of its why.

The researchers used Pearson r correlation to measures the strenght of the linear

relationship between two variables.

DEFINITION OF TERMS

The following terms are defined conceptually and operationally for the easy

understanding of the readers.

Personal Resilience - is the ability to cope with extreme stress-provoking events

without experiencing any personal stress signs or symptoms. It gives people the strength

to overcome the difficulties in life.

Emotional exhaustion - is a state of feeling emotionally worn-out and drained as

a result of accumulated stress from your personal or work lives, or a combination of both.

Emotional exhaustion is one of the signs of burnout.

 Health workers - Health workers is the one who give care and services to those

person whose in need. Those health workers assures that people have a healthy well

being. They’re taking care everyone mentally, physically and emotionally which can be

a great help to survive and manage their life.

Nurse - provide treatment, support and care services for people who are in need

of nursing care due to the effects of aging, injury, illness or other physical or mental

impairment. They are trained enough to identify basic information about the illness and

have a different roles in helping not only the patients but also the doctors.

Midwifery - professionals plan, manage, provide and evaluate midwifery care

services before, during and after pregnancy and childbirth. They are the one who guide

pregnant woman to have a healthy lifestyle which turns in having a healthy infant.

Barangay health workers - A person who has undergone training programs under any

accredited government and non government organization. Barangay health workers is

like a nurse helping the doctor, the difference is just they’re helping the wife.

Coronavirus or COVID-19 - is a disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 that can

trigger what doctors call a respiratory tract infection. The government implement the

community quarantine which no one is allowed to leave the house without having

vaccination card , mask and face shield.

 CHAPTER II

Review of Related Literature and Studies

This chapter presents the review of related literature and studies that serve as a

frame of reference that is relevant in this study. The researchers extracted information

from books, journals, and web-based resources.

Related literature

Local

Age

OECD (2019) Resilience was lowest in the youngest age group and successively

higher in the older age groups. Age differences in resilience, we found that relatively

older employees who are forced to work showed higher resilience. than younger

employees one year into the pandemic. Some of young health workers have low

resilience because they are in adjustment period in our crisis, Older workers were more

likely to reframe the crisis and see it as an opportunity for personal growth

Furthermore, A Marchand (2018) Emotional exhaustion level reduced with increasing

age in men, but the association was Emotional exhaustion bimodal in women, with

women aged between 20-35 and over 55 years showing the highest level.

Sex
 According to, Dr. Rontgene Solante, (2021) Some healthcare workers at Manila's

San Lazaro Hospital (SLH) have also resigned due to exhaustion and overseas job

opportunities. Because of overwork and an unsuitable workplace, men and women, as

well as people of all genders, are exhausted.

According to OECD (2021), The COVID19 pandemic is wreaking havoc on

women's health, social, and economic well-being around the world. First and foremost,

women's resiliency is driving the health response: women account for nearly 70% of the

health-care workforce, putting them at higher risk of infection. At the same time, due to

school and child care facility closures, as well as long-standing gender inequalities in

unpaid work, women are shouldering a large portion of the burden at home.

Resilience

According to Dr. Rio L. Magpantay, (2021) The COVID-19 epidemic has

affected people all over the world, and healthcare workers on the front lines are crucial in

dealing with this global disaster. It is critical, then, to promote the well-being and

emotional resilience of healthcare personnel, particularly during these extremely stressful

times. Supporting the resilience of our Filipino healthcare workers who are on the front

lines of the pandemic Its goal is to give vital techniques to diverse healthcare providers

on how to cope with the current crises' emotional and mental toll. As part of holistic

wellbeing, it also attempts to create a secure area for healthcare workers to breathe and

air out pent-up emotions.

Exhaustion

According to Manila (2021) Nurses in the Philippines are battling emotional

exhaustion as colleagues develop COVID-19 or leave a profession that was already

severely understaffed before the outbreak. The country is experiencing a record spike in

infections, spurred by the delta variety, with the health authorities estimating a nurse

shortage of over 100,000 people, forcing those remaining to work long hours for low pay

on frequently insecure short-term contracts.

Related Literature

Foreign

Age

Aged 94–98 years with strong resilience were 43.1 percent more likely than those

with low resilience to live to be 100 years old in this study. Stephanie Mac Leod M., et al

(2016). Age was linked to lower levels of emotional tiredness in males. Emotional

tiredness levels in women were low at 20 years old, then grew till 30 years old.

Emotional exhaustion levels were lower between the ages of 30 and 50. Resilience has

been studied further as a factor in lifespan, with findings showing that resilience has the

greatest influence at advanced ages.

Sex
 Women who are overworked are more prone than males to face work-family

conflict and emotional exhausted. When people work fewer hours than they want, males

are more likely than women to get emotionally exhausted as a result of work family

conflict. Cristina Rubino (2013). Female personnel's resilience was much lower than

male personnel's. During the COVID-19 pandemic, Dai et al. (2020) discovered a

substantial difference between male and female medical staff in terms of their level of

anxiety about infection spreading to their family members.Work–family conflicts are

widespread in the health worker industry and can put workers' health at risk.

Resilience

According to Pedro Ferreira and Sofia Gomez., (2021) Despite the fact that burnout

is a well-studied symptom, there is still much to learn about it during a pandemic like the

one produced by COVID-19. Furthermore, the relationship between personal resources

and burnout is still an understudied issue, according to the Job Demands-Resources (JD-

R) paradigm. The major purpose of this study is to see how mental resilience affects the

three characteristics of burnout among healthcare personnel when they are subjected to a

pandemic situation: emotional weariness, depersonalization, and personal achievement.

Moreover Hanan Daghash, (2022) Since the emergence of COVID-19, nurses have

been working long hours and are at a significant risk of infection, putting their mental

health at danger. This can have a negative psychological and physical impact on nurses.

Burnout is brought on by a high level of stress at work. Burnout is frequent in the nursing

field, and it may have a negative impact on nurses' well-being and productivity. During a
pandemic, it's critical to identify elements that might help frontline nurses maintain their

mental health and reduce burnout.

Additional, Luceño-Moreno, Lourdes, et al., (2022) The goal of this study is to see

if there are any differences in symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder, depression,

anxiety, burnout, and resilience in Spanish healthcare workers between the first and

second waves of the COVID-19 pandemic, based on a variety of demographic and work-

related variables.

Exhaustion

According to Huan Wang et al., (2021) Healthcare professionals, particularly front-

line medical personnel, have grown increasingly prone to emotional weariness as

COVID-19 has spread. Emotional tiredness is a risk for healthcare professionals. Before

the COVID-19 epidemic, between 31 to 54.3 percent of clinicians in the United Kingdom

experienced extreme emotional weariness and exhaustion is likely to be substantially

greater now.

Furthermore M Ángeles López-Cabarcos, et al (2019) The nature of public

healthcare underscores the importance of not only comprehending the role of emotional

exhaustion in the relationship between job demands and desirable employee attitudes, but

also of combining certain job resources with other organizational variables to moderate

employees' feelings of emotional exhaustion. The purpose of this paper is to discuss this

topic.
 According to Serena Barello ., et al (2021) The effect of organizational support in

lowering the negative impact of perceived COVID-19 work-related stresses on burnout,

as well as the function of COVID-19-related organizational demands and threats in

predicting emotional tiredness. Furthermore, the current study aims to improve our

understanding of the role of personal resources in the Job Demands-Resources model

(JD-R) by examining whether personal resources, such as professionals' attitudes toward

patient engagement, can enhance the impact of job resources while reducing the impact

of job demands.

Related Studies

Local

Resilience

According to Hart, Brannan, & De Chesnay, (2014), personal resilience, or a

person's ability to 'bounce back' or recover rapidly after a stressful experience, may aid

nurses in coping with stressors and enduring the burden they bring. According to Cooper,

Brown, Rees, & Leslie, 2020, personal resilience may assist nurse’s better cope with the

stress created by the COVID-19 pandemic in the setting of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Personal resilience has been shown to protect nurses during disasters (Labrague,

Hammad, et al., 2018; Turner, 2015) and disease outbreaks (Duncan, 2020), implying

that improving nurses' hardiness and coping abilities can help them handle and deal with

stressful situations more successfully.

Exhaustion

According to Lourdes Banaga (2021), "They're exhausted and burnout” Nurses in

the Philippines are battling exhaustion as colleagues contract COVID-19 or leave a

profession that was already dangerously understaffed before the pandemic. The country is

experiencing a record increase in infections, fueled by the delta variant, with the health

department reporting a nursing shortage of over 100,000, forcing those left to work long

hours for little pay on often precarious short-term contracts.

Related Studies

Foreign

Age

According to Erica S. Edwards (2015) Older health workers struggle from their

resiliency because they feel loss and rejected because of their age Older adults are rarely

associated with resilience. Older people suffer from loss and decline as a result of their

age. Individuals in this age group actually have a higher level of subjective well-being

than those in any other age group. In a world of turmoil, change, and chronic illness,

"resilience thinking" in older adults allows them to recover from adversity, thrive with a

long-term purpose, and grow.

According to A Marchand, (2018) in men, burnout levels decreased as they got

older, but in women, the relationship was bimodal, with women aged 20–35 and over 55

showing the highest levels of burnout.

Sex

Female and male in the context of mistreatment should be investigated further.

Especially as a factor that contributes to the development of lifelong resilience and, As a

result, as a precondition for individual and community social sustainability. Erin Bekez

(2010)

Moreover Benjamin Artz et al., (2021) Women report more exhaustion because

their work-family conflict is primarily due to intuitive causal factors such as increased

workload, or if the reported exhaustion is the result of unmet expectations or preferences.

Indeed, the literature has identified men and women's perceived or expected social roles

as a major source of conflict between work and family at times (Gutek et al., 1991; Eagle

et al., 1997).

According to A Marchand, (2018) in men, burnout levels decreased as they got

older, but in women, the relationship was bimodal, with women aged 20–35 and over 55

showing the highest levels of burnout.

Resilience

According to Isabel Manzanares et al., (2021) The COVID-19 epidemic in Spain

has pushed health-care systems and, in particular, health-care personnel to their limits. It

is critical to understand the factors that drive employees to react negatively to pressures

induced by the pandemic and to analyze resilience as an individual resource.

Exhaustion
 According to Poku, C.A., Donkor, E. & Naab, F.,(2021) the subject of emotional

exhaustion organizations has gained traction as a result of changing job practices and the

issues that come with them. Unhealthy practice environments are a major contributor to

nurses' emotional tiredness, and any organizational culture that does not support its

employees incurs significant burnout costs. The goal of the study was to determine the

rate of emotional exhaustion among Ghanaian nurses, as well as the factors that

contribute to it and the coping mechanisms employed by nurses to overcome it.

Furthermore Panari Chiara,et al., (2019) Emotional exhaustion is a condition that

affects health workers and has a negative impact on job satisfaction; literature suggests

that job demands may be a source of this chronic stress. However, the relationship

between job demands, work engagement, and exhaustion hasn't always produced

consistent results.

According to Huan Wang et al., (2021) Healthcare professionals, particularly front-

line medical personnel, have grown increasingly prone to emotional weariness as

COVID-19 has spread. See how time constraint affected front-line healthcare

professionals' emotional weariness, as well as the impacts of social sharing and cognitive

reappraisal.
 CHAPTER III

Research Methodology

This chapter discusses the research method that was used in the study. It included

the research design, research locale, research population and sample, research

instruments, data gathering procedure, and statistical treatment to present and interpret

the data.

Research Design

This study will use the descriptive-correlation designs.

This research will be use descriptive-correlational design will be used to

determine if there is a significant relationship on the level of resiliency and emotional

exhaustion of health workers. The study used this method to find out the demographic

profile of the respondents in terms of age and sex. The study used this method to find out

the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of age and sex

Research Locale

The study will be conducted at Lucena City. The researchers come up with the

idea to know the level of resilience and the level of emotional exhaustion of the

healthcare workers in Lucena City. Since pandemic, the researchers also considered the

respondents' location. The residence of the respondents is in the city of Lucena.

Research Population and Sample

According to our research, a sample size in a correlational research is no less than

30 participants. Thus, Purposive Sampling is the technique used to select the target

respondents; sixty (60) health workers serve as the respondents of the study. Respondents

of this research can be men or women, young or elderly, as long as they work in the

healthcare field.

Research Instruments

The researchers will use adapted questionnaires from the Connor-Davidson

Resilience Scale. The Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale is an assessment that measures

resilience, or one's ability to recover from stressful situations, tragedies, or trauma. Our

capacity to survive in the face of difficulties is determined by our resilience. Those that

are resilient are better able to cope with life's ups and downs. CD-RISC contains 25

items, which are rated on a five-point Likert scale and range from 0 (“Not true at all”) to

4 (“True nearly all the time”). Possible scores thus range from 0 to 100.

The Emotional Exhaustion (EE) scale, which has nine items, assesses sentiments

of being emotionally exhausted and weary at work. Higher scores indicate a higher

emotional exhaustion. Emotional Exhaustion consists of 8 questions answered on a 5-

point Likert scale.

Data Gathering Procedures

1. Participants are selected using Purposive Sampling

2. Validation of questionnaires to the research adviser.

3. Preparation of letter of approval to conduct surveys in the municipality of Lucena City.

4. Survey questionnaires are given to determine ti level of Resiliency and Emotional

Exhaustion

Statistical Treatment of Data

The following statistical measures were utilized to interpret the data gathered.

The researcher will use Frequency and Percentage Distribution to identify and

separate the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of age and sex.

f
%= N ×100

Where:

% - percent

f - frequency

N - number of classes

In the statement of problems no. 2 and 3, the researcher used the Weighted

Arithmetic Mean (WAM) to determine the level of Resiliency and Emotional Exhaustion.
Where:

W - weighted average

n - number of terms to be averaged

Wi - weights applied to x values

Xi - data values to be averaged

In the statement of problems no. 4 and 5, the researcher will use the T-test to

know the significant difference in the level of Resiliency and Emotional Exhaustion

according to the demographic profile.

Where:

t - t value

X1 and X2 - means of two groups being compared

s2 - pooled standard error of the two groups

n1 and n2 - number of observations in each of the groups

 Lastly, in the statement of problem no. 6, the researcher used Pearson r to find out

the relationship between Level of Resiliency and Emotional Exhaustion.

Where:

R - correlation coefficient

xi - values of the x-variable in a sample

x - mean of the values of the x-variable

yi - values of the y-variable in a sample

Y - mean of the values of the y-variable

Table 1. Emotional Exhaustion Scale Questions

1. I feel emotionally drained by my work.

2. I feel used up by the end of the day.

3. I feel fatigued when I have to get up in the morning to face another day on the job.

4. Working with people all day is really a strain for me.

5. I feel ‘burned out’ from my work.

6. I feel frustrated by my job.

7. I feel I’m working too hard in my job.

8. I feel like I’m at the end of my rope.

CD-RISC-25

1. I am able to adapt when changes occur.

2. I have one close and secure relationship.
3. Sometimes fate or God helps me.
4. I can deal with whatever comes my way.
5. Past successes give me confidence.
6. I try to see the humorous side of things when I am faced with problems.
7. Having to cope with stress can make me stronger.
8. I tend to bounce back after illness, injury or other hardships.
9. I believe most things happen for a reason.
10. I make my best effort, no matter what.
11. I believe I can achieve my goals, even if there are obstacles.
12. Even when hopeless, I do not give up.
13. In times of stress, I know where to find help.
14. Under pressure, I stay focused and think clearly.
15. I prefer to take the lead in problem-solving.
16. I am not easily discouraged by failure.
17. I think of myself as a strong person when dealing with life’s challenges and difficulties.
18. I make unpopular or difficult decisions.
19. I am able to handle unpleasant or painful feelings like sadness, fear, and anger.
20. I have to act on a hunch.
21. I have a strong sense of purpose in life.
22. I feel like I am in control.
23. I like challenges.
24. I work to attain goals.
25. I take pride in my achievements.
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Introduction

https://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/whats-it-like-to-be-a-healthcare-worker-in-a-

pandemic-2020040819485

Theoretical

Resilience https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7797347/

Emotional Exhaustion https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED502150.pdf