Chapter 1:

Overview of Data, Data Science Analytics, and Tools

Data
Is an information, especially facts or numbers, collected to be
examined and considered and used to help decision-making, or
information in an electronic form that can be stored and used by
a computer: The data was/were collected by various researchers.
THE NATURE OF DATA
A. PRIMARY DATA
• -Gathered directly from an original source
• - The analyst/researcher himself is involved in collecting the data
relevant to his/her investigation and the information gathered is
based on the direct or first
• -hand experience such as in an interview, in questionnaires, diaries,
etc.
B. SECONDARY DATA
• - Gathered from published or unpublished materials that have been
previously obtained by other individuals or agencies
• - Some sources are books, journals, theses, newspapers, registrations of
birth, deaths, marriages from the local civil registry, enrollment statistics,
etc.
C. QUALITATIVE DATA
• - Measures quality, which is an attribute or a characteristic on each
experimental unit
• -They are labels in categories or class of an individual, object, or process
• -They produce data that can be categorized according to similarities or
differences in kind and they are often called attribute data or categorical
variables
• -Examples are blood type, gender, eye color, civil status, etc.
D. QUANTITATIVE DATA
• - Measures a numerical quantity or amount in each experimental unit
• - Examples are interest rate, weight, height, scores in a test, etc.

Two Categories of Quantitative Data:

a.DISCRETE VARIABLES
–can be assume a finite or countable number or values
• Ex. Number of children, number of orders, number of subjects

b. CONTINUOUS VARIABLE
–can be assume the infinitely many values corresponding to the
points on a line interval
-Measurable, expressed on a continuous scale
Ex. Height, weight, time, volume
Data Science vs. Data Analytics
.The objective of both terms is the same, to extract meaningful insights
from data to strengthen business decision making. The main difference
lies in the tactics each uses to achieve this.
Data Analysis
Data Analysis is the process of systematically applying statistical
and/or logical techniques to describe and illustrate, condense
and recap, and evaluate data.
Data Science
Data science is the study of data to extract meaningful insights
for business. It is a multidisciplinary approach that combines
principles and practices from the fields of mathematics, statistics,
artificial intelligence, and computer engineering to analyze large
amounts of data.
Types of Data Analytics
• There are four major types of data analytics:

1.Predictive (forecasting)
2.Descriptive (business intelligence and data mining)
3.Prescriptive (optimization and simulation)
4.Diagnostic analytics
MS-EXCEL
• is a part of Microsoft Office suite software. It is an electronic
spreadsheet with numerous rows and columns, used for
organizing data, graphically represent data(s), and performing
different calculations. It consists of 1048576 rows and 16384
columns, a row and column together make a cell. Each cell has
an address defined by column name and row number example
A1, D2, etc. this is also known as a cell reference.
Why Use Excel?

•It is the most popular spreadsheet program in the

world
•It is easy to learn and to get started.
•The skill ceiling is high, which means that you can do
more advanced things as you become better
•It can be used with both work and in everyday life,
such as to create a family budget
•It has a huge community support
•It is continuously supported by Microsoft
•Templates and frameworks can be reused by
yourself and others, lowering creation costs
Excel is typically used for:
• Analysis
• Data entry
• Data management
• Accounting
• Budgeting
• Data analysis
• Visuals and graphs
• Programming
• Financial modeling
Cell references
• The address or name of a cell or a range of cells is known as Cell
reference. It helps the software to identify the cell from where
the data/value is to be used in the formula. We can reference
the cell of other worksheets and also of other programs.
The Ribbon
• in MS-Excel is the topmost row of tabs that provide the user
with different facilities/functionalities. These tabs are:
1.Home Tab: It provides the basic facilities like changing the font, size of
text, editing the cells in the spreadsheet, autosum, etc.

2.Insert Tab: It provides the facilities like inserting tables, pivot tables,
images, clip art, charts, links, etc.

3.Page layout: It provides all the facilities related to the spreadsheet-like

margins, orientation, height, width, background etc. The worksheet
appearance will be the same in the hard copy as well.

4.Formulas: It is a package of different in-built formulas/functions which

can be used by user just by selecting the cell or range of cells for values.
5. Data: The Data Tab helps to perform different operations on a vast set
of data like analysis through what-if analysis tools and many other data
analysis tools, removing duplicate data, transpose the row and column,
etc. It also helps to access data(s) from different sources as well, such as
from Ms-Access, from web, etc.

6. Review: This tab provides the facility of thesaurus, checking spellings,

translating the text, and helps to protect and share the worksheet and
workbook.

7. View: It contains the commands to manage the view of the workbook,

show/hide ruler, gridlines, etc, freezing panes, and adding macros.
Creating a new spreadsheet:
• In Excel 3 sheets are already opened by default, now to add a
new sheet :
• In the lowermost pane in Excel, you can find a button.
• Click on that button to add a new sheet.
Creating a new spreadsheet:
• We can also achieve the same by Right-clicking on the sheet
number before which you want to insert the sheet.
• Click on Insert.
Creating a new spreadsheet:
• Select Worksheet.
• Click OK
Opening previous spreadsheet:
• On the lowermost pane in Excel, you can find the name of the current sheet you have
opened.
• On the left side of this sheet, the name of previous sheets are also available like Sheet 2,
Sheet 3 will be available at the left of sheet4, click on the number/name of the sheet you
want to open and the sheet will open in the same workbook.
Managing the spreadsheets:
• You can easily manage the spreadsheets in Excel simply by :
• Simply navigating between the sheets
Managing the spreadsheets:
• Right-clicking on the sheet name or number on the pane.
• Choose among the various options available like, move, copy, rename,
add, delete etc.
• You can move/copy your sheet to other workbooks as well just by
selecting the workbook in the To workbook and the sheet before you want
to insert the sheet in Before sheet
To save the workbook:
• Click on the Office Button or the File tab.
• Click on Save As option.
• Write the desired name of your file.
• Click OK.
To save the workbook:
• Click on the Review tab on the Ribbon.
• Click on the share workbook (under Changes group).
• If you want to protect your workbook and then make it available for
another user then click on Protect and Share Workbook option.
• Now check the option “Allow changes by more than one user at the
same time. This also allows workbook merging” in the Share
Workbook dialog box.
• Many other options are also available in the Advanced like track,
update changes.
• Click OK.
Ms-Excel shortcuts:

1.Ctrl+N: To open a new workbook.

2.Ctrl+O: To open a saved workbook.

3.Ctrl+S: To save a workbook.

4.Ctrl+C: To copy the selected cells.

5.Ctrl+V: To paste the copied cells.

Ms-Excel shortcuts:

6. Ctrl+X: To cut the selected cells.

7. Ctrl+W: To close the workbook.

8. Delete: To remove all the contents from the cell.

9. Ctrl+P: To print the workbook.

10. Ctrl+Z: To undo

Assessment Task:

What are the TOP 10 basic functions of

Microsoft excel