1 MODULE 3 - BASIC GRAMMAR

2 MODULE 3 - BASIC GRAMMAR

Lesson 4
ADJECTIVE AND ADVERB

SPECIFIC LEARNING OUTCOMES

In this lesson, you are expected to:
 differentiate adverb from adjective;
 identify the different classifications of adjective and adverb;
 observe the proper order of adjectives;
 use appropriate degree of adjectives and adverb; and
 construct sentences using adjectives and adverbs.

PRE-ASSESSMENT
A. Select the correct verb from within the parentheses for each of the following sentences. Write
Instruction: Decide whether the underlined word is an adverb or an adjective.
Check the parenthesis of your choice
1. Andrew Nicko usually reports to his duty in complete attire. ()adjective () adverb

2. Will you be free tonight? Shall we meet at ten? ()adjective ()adverb

3. A laptop is useful to learner. ()adjective () adverb

4. Sherwin is a very studios guy. ()adjective () adverb

5. I get up early every Sunday morning. ()adjective () adverb

6. The new professor dresses very informally. ()adjective () adverb

7. Be careful! That flat iron is very hot. ()adjective () adverb

8. The sun is shining brightly. ()adjective () adverb

9. Because Jojo is getting older, he walks very steadily. ()adjective () adverb

10. The home-made hotdog is sweet and spicy. ()adjective () adverb

LESSON MAP

Modifier

Adjective Adverb

Noun Pronoun Verb Adverb

Adjective
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Figure 1: This map shows the topics that will be discussed in this lesson.

CORE CONTENTS

ENGAGE:

Instructions: Below are pictures of three male dancers with many points of comparison (shoes,
hair, height, weight,etc). Write three sentences comparing and contrasting the three.

EXPLORE:

ADJECTIVE
An adjective serves as a modifier of a noun or a pronoun to denote quality or condition of a
person, place, or thing named or to indicate quantity. It usually precedes the noun or a pronoun
it modifies.
Signals to Recognize Adjectives
1. Position of the Adjective
a. One-word adjectives usually come before a noun.
Example: Experience the touch of the cool breeze.
b. If use as an apposition, adjectives in phrase form come after the noun or the
pronoun they modify.
Example: My house, big and strong, stood the test of time.
c. Adjectives may complete linking verbs and function as predicate adjectives.
These adjectives are placed after the linking verbs.
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Example: The mountains are big.

d. Sometimes, adjectives are positioned in the objective complement.
Example: I consider Mayon Volcano fascinating.
e. Adjectives may also be hyphenated. These hyphenated adjectives are generally
placed before the nouns being described.
Example: Rest and marvel at the sight of well-manicured greens and lush
scenery.
2. Addition of suffixes to form adjectives.
Root WORD SUFFIXES ADJECTIVE
Love -able lovable
Honor -ary Honorary
Fortune -ate Fortunate

Some suffixes are:

-d -istic -ing -en -ful -ic
-ious -ish -lent -like -ly -ny
-ous -y -less

Classification of Adjectives
(NOTE: the underlined word is the modifier, while the italicized word is the word being
modified)
A. Descriptive Adjective- denotes feature, quality, or a condition of a person, place, or
thing.
1. Proper adjective- an adjective that is formed from a proper noun
Example: American literature; Manila paper; Filipino inventor
2. Common adjective- adjective that expresses the ordinary qualities of a noun or
pronoun
Example: green meadow; laundry basket; pretty face
B. Limiting Adjective - either points out an object or denotes number. It specify which,
how ,any or how much
1. Article- shows whether a noun is used definitely (“the”)or indefinitely (“a”), (“an”)
Example: The boy has a strong faith in the Almighty.
Wisdom is a gift from God.
2. Numerical adjective has to do with number
a) Cardinal number -show how many are meant. Ex.: one, two, three…etc.
b) Ordinal number- show order or possession in a series. Ex.: first, second,
third…etc.
3. Pronominal Adjective- is an adjective that is used as a pronoun
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a) Possessive Adjective- - similar to possessive pronouns, however it is used as

an adjective and modifies a noun or a noun phrase.
Example: I can’t finish my report, for I don’t have a complete data. (“my”
modifies “report”, a noun)
After two years of staying in Manila, Daniel returned to his hometown.
(“his” modifies “hometown”)
b) Demonstrative Adjectives- the demonstrative pronouns are used to modify
the noun it follows to.
Example: When Kathryn returned those books, she was penalized for not
returning it on time.
c) Interrogative Adjectives- “which, “whose” and “what” are used to modify a
noun or a noun phrase.
Example: Which book should be reviewed for the final exam?
d) Indefinite Adjectives- an indefinite pronoun that function as an adjective and
modifies a noun, pronoun, or noun phrase.
Example: Many students believe that failure is a challenge.

Adjective in a Series
Sometimes more than one adjective is used to describe a noun. In this case, English
speakers and writers use a specific adjective order when placing each adjective. Below is how
the adjectives should be arranged or ordered.

DET opinion size shape condition age color origin NOUN

many pretty small round chipped antique blue Chinese vases

Limiting Adjectives Descriptive Adjectives Noun NOUN

Modifier
/
origin
Determiners Numerals
Ordinal Cardina Quality Size Shape Age Color
l
the first four small red coat buttons
these strong young mountain goats
his three modern flower gardens
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Troublesome Adjectives
1. Small vs. little
Small – is for size (used in count nouns)
Little – is for mass or amount (used in noncount nouns)
2. Tall vs. high
Tall – is for idea of growth (e.g. tall person; tall tree)
High – for stature (e.g. high; IQ high status)
3. Good vs. well
Good – for modifying noun or pronoun (e.g. good girl; good action)
Well – for modifying verbs (e.g. very well said; played well)
Note: A hyphenated adj. using well is used when it is followed by a noun; if not
followed by a noun, hyphenation is not needed since it is used as an adverb.
Example: She has a well-balanced diet.
Her diet is well balanced.
4. Everyday vs. every day
Everyday – means daily, is used as a adj.. This is immediately followed by a noun
being described.
Every day – means each day, is used inclusively.
5. Another vs. the other
Another – used when one person performs the action.
Example: Paul ate one apple. Then he ate another apple.
The other – is used when two persons perform the action.
Example: Paul ate one apple. Sara ate the other apple.
Comparison of Adjectives
 Positive- expresses quality without comparison
 Comparative- compares two things
 Superlative- compares three or more things
1. Most of adjectives of one syllable and some adjectives of two syllables are compared
by adding to the positive the ending “-er” to form the comparative and “-est” to form
superlative.
2. Adjectives of more than two syllables and others that would be difficult to pronounce
with the ending “-er” and “-est” compared by using using “more” or “most,” and “less” or
“least”
3. Some adjectives are compared irregularly.
Positive Comparative Superlative
1 or 2 Kind Kinder Kindest
syllables
More than 1 Arrogant More arrogant Most arrogant
syllable
Irregular Good, well Better best
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ADVERB
An adverb is a word that modifies a verb, an adjective, or another adverb. It indicates
manner, time, place cause, or degree. It answers the questions such as “how?”, “when?”,
“where?”, “why?”, “in what way?”, “how much?”, “how often?”, “under what condition?”, “to what
extent/degree?”
Classification of Adverb
1. Adverb of Time- it answers the question when. It usually follows a verb
Example: always; early; again; now; then; today; never; tomorrow; seldom, etc.
The teacher dismissed the class early. (“early” modifies the verb “dismissed”)
2. Adverb of Place- answers the question where.
Example: above; down; out; below; here; forward; up, etc
Drive the mouse away. (“away” modifies the verb “drive”)
3. Adverb of Manner- answers the question how or what way
Example: absolutely; bravely; carefully; gracefully; properly; fast; neatly, etc.
The student thoroughly cleaned the comfort room and lavatory.
4. Adverb of Degree- answers the question how much or how little
Example: too; quite; very; scarcely; very; little; entirely; so; almost, etc.
My three-year old boy is very naughty yet too inquisitive.
5. Adverb of Frequency- answers the question how often?
Examplse: always; sometimes; never; usually; occasionally; frequently
He rarely attends Sunday mass.
Comparison of Adverb

Positive Comparative Superlative

attentively more attentively most attentively
soon sooner soonest
badly worse worst

EXPLAIN:
Activity 3:
Direction: Explain the following comprehensively.
1. How do adjective differ from adverb? Give examples to support your answer.
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2. What is difference between the modifier and the modified? Provide examples.

3. Why is it that comparison is necessary?

EXTEND:
Write a short character sketch (biography or autobiography) or a descriptive paragraph
about any special, memorable, or unforgettable person or event in your life. Use different types
of adjectives and adverb you’ve recently learned.

EVALUATE:
Activity 5.
Direction: Read the paragraph taken from the Guinness Book of World Records. Answer the questions
that follow.

Lengthy concatenations and some compound or agglutinative words or nonce words have been written
in closed-up style of a single word.
The longest word ever to appear in literature occurs in The Ecclesiazusae, a comedy byAristophanes. In
Greek, it is 170 letters long but translates into 182 letters in English, thus :
lopadotemachoselachogaleokranioleipsanodrimhypotrimmatosilphioparaomelitokatakechymenokichie-
pikossyphophattoperisteralektryonoptekephalliokigklopeleiolagoiosiraiobaphetraganopterygon. The term
describes a fricassee of 17 sweet and sour ingredients, including mullet, brains, honey, vinegar, pickles,
marrow (the vegetable), and ouzo (a Greek drink laced with anisette).
The longest word in the Oxford English dictionary is floccipaucinihilipilification, with 29 letters, meaning
"the action of estimating something as worthless." Webster's Third International Dictionary lists among its
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450,000 entries, pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosises (47 letters), the plural of a lung disease

contracted by some miners.
The longest regularly formed English word is praetertranssubstantiationalistically (37 letters). The
medical term hepaticocholangiocholecystenterostomies (39 letters) refers to a surgical creation of new
communication between gall bladders and hepatic ducts and between intestines and gall bladders.

1. What is the selection all about?

2. From the selection, pick out the adjectives and adverbs and tell what word/phrase does each
modifies.

TOPIC SUMMARY
In this lesson, you have learned that …
 An adjective serves as a modifier of a noun or a pronoun to denote quality or condition of a
person, place, or thing named or to indicate quantity. It usually precedes the noun or a
pronoun it modifies.
 An adverb is a word that modifies a verb, an adjective, or another adverb. It indicates
manner, time, place cause, or degree. It answers the questions such as “how?”, “when?”,
“where?”, “why?”, “in what way?”, “how much?”, “how often?”, “under what condition?”, “to
what extent/degree?”

POST-ASSESSMENT
I. Rewrite the sentences in the space provided by placing the adjective modifiers in parenthesis
in correct position.

1. That man is a lawyer in town. (white-haired, fat,distinguished)

2. I have read sonnets. (several, by Shakespeare, interesting)

3. The show bored the audiences. (young, ordinary and dreary)

4. Ricel wore a gown in her debut. (red, elegant, beaded)

5. There are tablets in the bottle. (thirty, Enervon, multicolored)

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II. Underline the adverbs in each of the following sentences. Then draw an arrow to the word
modified by the adverb in each sentence.

1. The field almost yielded one-hundred cavans of palay.

2. The sun was shinning brightly as we hurried home.

3. I never thought of this.

4. Suddenly, the door and windows opened.

5. Your idea is absolutely wrong.

REFERENCES:

Books:
De La Cruz, A. O. (2014). Basics of English Grammar: A Textbook -Workbook for
English Language Learners. Wiseman’s Book Trading, Inc.: Philippines.
San Miguel, J.G., Barraquio, D.C.T., & Revilla, R. DV.(2010). Smart English: (More
Than) A Worktext for Grammar and Syntax. 2nd Ed. C&E Publishing, Inc.:
Quezon City