Research Reviewer 3rd Quarter SSC

RESEARCH REVIEWER
Structured Interview
– a systematic approach to interviewing, also know as formal interview, it is a close
ended interview and they can be dichotomous. Useful for an explanatory or exploratory
research tool
Advantages
1. Less time consumed
2. Hire stronger candidates
3. Reducing Bias
4. Specific
5. Provides Valuable Data
Disadvantages
1. No flexibility
2. Not full reports
3. Formal in Nature
4. Limited Scope
5. The interviewee can only respond to the questions asked
Unstructured Interview
– a data collection method that relies on asking participants questions to collect data
on a topic, also known as non-directive interviewing, they are qualitative in nature and
it is an open ended interview
Advantages
1. Very Flexible
2. Respondents are more at ease
3. Reduced the risk of bias
4. More detail and nuance
5. Useful for researching sensitive groups and sensitive subjects
Disadvantages
1. Bias
2. Inconsistency
3. Time Management
4. Legal Concerns
5. Unfairness
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RESEARCH REVIEWER
Questionnaire
– a research tool featuring a series of questions used to collect useful information to
respondents, written list of questions
Structured Questionnaire
– are based predominantly on closed questions which produce data.
Structured Questionnaire
– where there is not list on answer choices from with to choose. Respondents are
simply asked to write their response on a question
Advantages
1. Less Expensive
2. It is economical
3. It is scalable
4. It is easy to plant and execute
5. Increased Response Rate
Disadvantages
1. Accessibility Issues
2. Incomplete Entries
3. Limited Response
4. Neglects Emotions
5. Superficial Reponses
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RESEARCH REVIEWER
Sampling
– a smaller group has been selected from a larger group in order to learn something
about the larger group
Scientific Sampling
– a sampling technique where a researcher selects a few criteria and chooses
members of a population randomly
Simple Random
– a subset of individuals chosen from a larger set in which the individuals are chosen
randomly. A process of selecting a sample in a random way
Stratified
– divides populations in smaller groups
Systematic
– select members where researchers select members of the population at a regular
interval
Cluster
– divide the entire population into sections.
Advantages
1. Create an accurate sample
2. Reduce simple bias
3. Leads to higher-quality data collection
Disadvantages
1. If you’re getting the best possible population sample means doing a little more
research that will take more time and resources
How to determine which method to use
1. Jot down the research goals
2. Identify the effective sampling techniques
3. Test each of these methods
4. Select the method
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RESEARCH REVIEWER
Non - Scientific Sampling

– also known as convenience sampling or judgement sampling. Involves selecting
individuals
Uses of Non – Scientific Sampling
1. Saves time
2. Saves money
3. Collects richer data
Convenience Sampling
– units are selected for inclusion in the sample because they are the easiest for the
researcher to access
Judgement Sampling
– also known as purposive sampling. The selection of sample is not based on chance.
Quota Sampling
– a sampling methodology wherein data is collected from a homogeneous group
Volunteer Sampling
– wherein one participant chooses to join the research. This is where participants self
select to become part of the study
Snowball Sampling
– a non probability sampling technique where existing study subjects recruit future
study subjects
Crowdsourcing Sampling
– collection of information, opinions, or work from a group of people, usually sources
via the internet
Advantages of Non – Scientific Sampling
1. Convenient
2. Cost-Effective
3. Better suited for exploratory research
4. Qualitative Depth
Disadvantages Scientific Sampling
1. Subjective Judgement
2. Limited Statistical Power
3. Restrictions on generalizability
4. Sample Bias
5. Difficulty in Estimating Sampling Error
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RESEARCH REVIEWER
Ethical Consideration
Ethic
– a branch of knowledge that deals with moral principles
Ethics in Research
– provides researchers with ethical principles or guidelines for successful conduct of
research
Ethical Concern
– refers to ethical practices of how data is collected, stored and shared.
Ethical Concerns that Guide Researchers:

1. Honesty
2. Objectivity
3. Integrity
4. Care
5. Openness
6. Respect for intellectual property
7. Confidentiality
8. Responsible Publication
9. Social Responsibility
10. Non – Discrimination
11. Competence
12. Legality
13. Human Subject Protection

Research Reviewer 3rd Quarter SSC

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RESEARCH REVIEWER

Non - Scientific Sampling

Ethical Concerns that Guide Researchers:

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