REPRESENTATION OF LIBERAL FEMINISM IN THE

CHARACTER OF LADY DIANA IN SPENCER MOVIE

A PRETHESIS

Submitted to Proposal Examiner Team in Partial Fulfillment of the

Requirement of Degree of Sarjana Sastra (S.S.) at English Literature Study
Program, Language and Literature Department of Faculty of Humanities,
Universitas Halu Oleo

ECY PITRIANI SULASTRI

N1D2 18104

ENGLISH LITERATURE STUDY PROGRAM

LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF HUMANITIES
UNIVERSITAS HALU OLEO
KENDARI
2023
 APPROVAL SHEET

This prethesis has been corrected and approved by the supervisors to be

presented in the prethesis committee at the English Literature Study Programs,

Language and Literature Department, Faculty of Humanities, Universitas Halu

Oleo.

Title : Representation of Liberal Feminism in the Character

of Lady Diana in Spencer Movie

Student Name : Ecy Pitriani Sulastri

Student Number : N1D2 18 104

Kendari, Okctober 2023

Approved by:

Supervisor, Co Supervisor,

Fina Amalia Masri, S.Pd., M.Hum. Rahmawati Azi, S.Pd., M.A.

NIP 19860308 201504 2 001 NIP 19760130 201409 2 001

Head of Language and Literature Head of English Literature

Department, Study Program,

Dr. Rasiah, S.Pd., M.Hum. Arman, S.Pd, M.Hum.

NIP 19800906 201001 2 020 NIP 19810508 200701 1 010

i
ECY PITRIANI SULASTRI, N1D2 18104. Representation of Liberal
Feminism in the Character of Lady Diana in Spencer Movie. English
Literature Study Program. Language and Literature Department. Faculty of
Humanities at Universitas Halu Oleo. Under the Supervisions of Fina Amalia
Masri (Supervisor) and Rahmawati Azi (Co Supervisor).

ABSTRACT

This study is intended to analyze Represetation Liberal Feminism in the

Character of Lady Diana in Spencer Movie based on theory of Liberal Feminism
by Mary Wollstonecraft. The objective of this research is “To describe “How is
the representation of liberal feminism in the character of Lady Diana in Spencer
movie”. The reseacher used Liberal Feminism by Mary Wollstonecraft to analyze
the data. This research used descriptive qualitative method. The source of the data
in this research was taken from the movie entitled Spencer. The data was collected
through watching the movie repeatedly, Screen-shooting and toke-taking,
identifying and grouping classiying, presenting, describing, and interpreting the
data to get complete conclusion of liberal feminism in Character of Lady Diana in
Spencer Movie by Mary Wollstonecraft. The researcher analyzes eight datas from
Spencer movie. The result showed that the are marginalization of women in
various areas of family and community life, (2) subordination which was harming
to women, (3) various violence against women mentally (4) meanwhile there is no
domestication that character of Lady Diana founded

Keywords: Representation, Liberal Feminism, Character of Lady Diana,

Spencer Movie.

ii
 ACKNOWLEDGMENT

Alhamdulillahi Rabbil Alamin, the researcher would like to express

gratitude to the Almighty God, Allah Subhanahu Wa Ta’ala who has given the

blessing, guidance, mercy, and health, hence the researcher could complete this

thesis. The researcher hopes that Allah SWT always gives blessing to all of us.

Salawat and salam always devoted to Allah’s noblest messenger, our Prophet

Muhammad Shallallahu 'Alaihi Wasallam, peace and blessings be upon him.

Great appreciation and sincere attitude, the researcher addresses to a

number of people who directly and also indirectly helped the researcher in

accomplishing this thesis. First of all, the researcher adresses the deepest

appreciation and special sincerely thankful to the researcher’s beloved parents

Suleman and Nuraena for hopeful pray, love, patience, advices, motivations,

attention, support morally and financially, that the researcher never be able to pay

those all. The researcher expresses thanks to beloved big Sister Yesna Sulastri and

Little Sister’s Yesika Putri Suleman and Sela Fitriani for support and motivation

of researcher in accomplishing this thesis.

Grateful thanks and appreciation to the both of researcher’s supervisors

Fina Amalia Masri, S.Pd., M.Hum. and Rahmawati Azi, S.Pd., M.A. who

always encourage and guide the researcher patiently from the beginning until the

complete of this thesis. The researcher realizes that this thesis cannot be

successfully completed without their kindly help and guidance.

iii
 Special gratitude for the leaders that the researcher has respect as student

of English literature in Universitas Halu Oleo. Particularly for the following

persons:

1. Prof. Dr. Muhammad Zamrun F., S.Si., M.Si., M.Sc. As the Rector of

Universitas Halu Oleo for undertaking the overall management of the

university, also for carrying out the organization of education, research and

community service, to foster academicians (lecturers and students) and to

foster relationships with alumni, at universities and communities.

2. Dr. Akhmad Marhadi, S.Sos., M.Si. As the Dean of Humanities Faculty for

undertaking the overall management of the faculty, carrying out the

organization of education, research and community service, fostering

lecturers, faculty administration personnel and students, and taking

responsible for financial management, personnel, general administration and

equipment, and also collaborating with parents of students, alumni, and other

agencies.

3. Dr. La Ino, S.Pd., M.Hum. As the Vice Dean of Academic Affairs of

Humanities Faculty for assisting the dean in leading undergraduate courses in

the implementation of education, research, and community service, and also

representing the dean in academic, planning and cooperation activities.

4. Dr. Rasiah, S.Pd., M.Hum. As the Head of Language and Literature

Department for planning and evaluating the implementation of education

which is implemented by Lecturers within the Department.

iv
5. Arman, S.Pd, M.Hum. As the Head of English Literature Study Program for

assisting the task of Head of Language and Literature Department in the

implementation of academic quality improvement, research and community

service at the level of the Study Program.

In completing this research, the researcher found many problems. However,

all the problems could be solved with support and help from people surrounding

the researcher. As well as the most important to the persons that has been being

researcher’s teacher even being researcher second home since researcher came to

Universitas Halu Oleo. Particularly for the following persons:

1. All of beloved lecturers in English Literature Study Program, especially

sincerely thankful to Dr. Rasiah, S.Pd., M.A., As the head of examiner all at

once who gave the generous contribution to the researcher in accomplishing

this thesis. Thankful to Arman, S.Pd., M.Hum., as the secretary of examiner

who gave good constructive input and suggestion toward this study, Nur

Israfian Sofyan, S.Pd., M.Hum. and Muarifuddin, S.Pd., M.A., as the

members of examiner team as well. The researcher expresses thankful to the

researcher’s lecturers, Drs. Ansor Putra, M.Hum., Rahmawati Azi, S.Pd.,

M.A., Eva Solina Gultom, S. Pd., M.Hum., Drs. Rohmana, M.Hum., Dr.

Tambunan, M.Hum., Dr. La Aso, S.Pd., M.Hum., Dr. Asrun Lio., M.Hum,.

Ph.D., Neil Amstrong, S.S., M.Hum., Ela Martisa, S.Pd.,M.Hum., Mariani,

S.Pd., M.Pd., M.Hum., Nurjannah, S.S., M.A., Rahmawati, S.Pd., M.A., Dr.

Nirmalasari, S.Pd., M.Hum., Mutmainnah Adesia, S.S., M.Si., M.Hum., Dr.

Maulid Taembo, S.Pd., M.A., Sarniati Nuru, S.Pd., M.Hum., LM Detif

v
 Rahim, S.Pd., M.Hum., Nuzul Hijrah Safitri, S.Pd., M.Hum., Fina Amalia

Masri, S.Pd., M.Hum. who always give support and motivation to the

researcher and the other lecturers that cannot be mentioned, thanks for their

helpful guidance, motivation, great attention and suggestion since the

researcher studied at English Literature Study Program.

2. The staff especially Fardin Fisabilillah S.S., and other staffs of Humanities

Faculty, thanks for their help in organizing all the administration

requirements during the study

3. Many thanks for the researcher’s circles at English Literature Big Family,

Student Association of English Literature Study Program (Himpunan

Mahasiswa Program Study Sastra Inggris), Islamic Student Association

(Himpunan Mahasiswa Islam Cabang Kendari), Female Division of Islamic

Association of University Students (KOHATI HMI Cabang kendari), as well

as others which cannot be mention. Thank you so much for every helping

during reseacher progress in this life. Thank you for the kindness, supports,

experiences, the precious time. Thanks for the support, help, and

unforgettable memories. There is a lot of great memories we have spent

together.

4. The Write’s Senior Support System Since in University; Wulan, Ilma, Fifty

Kosam, Nurhayatul islamiah, Lutfi always encourage, accompany and make

researchers happy when researchers are in difficult times. They can also

motivate researchers to keep trying and always do their best.

vi
 5. All members of English Literature 2018 especially; Andika, Venancia

Cindy, Hayati, Febriyani, Anisa Rifki, Ld. Muh. Rahlil, Dhea Gabriella,

Oca Tumengga, Ika Veronika, Paradillah, Siti Ayu, Melani, agustiyani,

Febriani, Abigail Adeliana, Ella Apriyanti, Lestikariah, Serni, Hariani,

Silvana Hamsah, Rekiyan Nurfridayanti, Nur Lilis Handayani, Nurul

Avia Sari, Rizki Apriani, Sulistyaningsih, Nadiah Shafira, Qamaria

Purnama, Renaldi Habir, Syarik Rizal, Ahmad Syaiful, Nadhratul

Musaffar, Sitti Norma, Iven Cahayati Putri, Fajar Muhamat Nor, Moh.

Fajar Syafa, Muhamad Rusli, Fani Indrayani and others for the support,

encouragement for time ,and trips that have helped the writers unwind

from all the pressure of working on this prethesis.

6. The researcher is very grateful to have the partner who always supports her.

Appreciation goes to Jaftra S.Pi He always a good listener for every problem

the researcher faced. His opinions never stop surprise the researcher and also

allow her to see her problem from a different angle. Thank you also for

sparing the time to handle everything the researcher needs and providing

encouragement during finishing this research. The last but not least to the

special thanks for Everyone who cannot be counted and mentioned one by

one for staying, coloring, and supporting researcher life each day. See you on

top guys.

Finally, the researcher realizes that this thesis is far from become perfect.

Therefore, constructive critique and suggestion are needed to achieve the

vii
completeness of this thesis. The researcher expects this thesis will be useful for

the reader.

The researcher believes that without the blessing of Allah SWT and the

helping and supporting of those people above, the researcher would never come to

finish this thesis although the researcher realizes that this thesis is far from the

perfection. Therefore, criticism and suggestion are highly appreciated.

Kendari, October 2023

The Researcher

viii
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE SHEET
APPROVAL SHEET i
ABSTRACT ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iii
TABLE OF CONTENT ix
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Background of the Study 1
1.2 Research Question 6
1.3 Objective of the Study 6
1.4 Significance of the Study 6
1.5 Scope of the Study 7
1.6 Definition of Terms 7
CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW 8
2.1 The Development of Feminist Theory 8
2.2Theory of Feminism 9
2.3Theory of Liberal Feminism 9
2.4Liberal Feminism of Mary Wollstonecraft 10
2.5The Core Concept of Liberal Feminism 12
2.6 Liberal Feminism in the 18th Century: Equal Education for Women
13
2.7 Liberal Feminism in the 19th Century: Civil and Economical Rights
Opportunity for Women and Men 14
2.8 Liberal Feminism in Action of the 20th Century14
2.9 Liberal Feminism in Additional Perspective 15
2.10Previous Study 16
2.11Conceptual Framework 20
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 22
3.1 Research Design 22

ix
 3.2 Source of Data 23
3.3 Procedures of Data Collection 23
3.4 Technique of Data Collection 23
CHAPTER IV FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION 24
4.1 Findings 24
4.1.1 Data 1 25
4.1.2 Data 2 27
4.1.3 Data 3 29
4.1.4 Data 4 30
4.1.5 Data 5 31
4.1.6 Data 6 32
4.1.7 Data 7 33
4.1.8 Data 8 34
4.1.9 Data 9 36
4.1.10 Data 10 37
4.1.11 Data 11 38
4.1.12 Data 12 39
4.1.13 Data 13 40
4.1.14 Data 14 41
4.2 Discussion 42
CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION 45
5.1 Conclusion 45
5.2 Suggestion 45
BIBLIOGRAPHY 46

x
 CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Study

Over the past centuries, women's struggles to increase the dignity and

status of life in a justice and equality manner with men have been recorded by

history as a long journey that challenged the establishment of a social system of

its time. Just like men, women are entitled and have the same opportunity to

determine their life path. This is in line with what Nareswari said in her thesis

arguing that: Self-discovery, equal opportunities and freedom are basic human

rights and including women have the right to that matter, to make choices without

pressure from certain people and society in general (Nareswara, 2019).

Have equal opportunities in access ing education, have access in the fields

of employment, social, economic, political as well as in various aspects of life.

The paradigm that places women as the second class in terms of gender is no

longer relevant in today's discourse. Women have the right to determine a career

and pursue it, obtain rights, opportunities for self-development, and access various

fields like men without being confined by societal stigma and stereotypes that

limit them such as living and taking care of the house alone, giving birth and

focusing on caring for children, taking care of husbands and mother's duties

household in general. There have been many successful women in the field of

work they want and also do not forget their nature as women/wives.

1
 2

Similar with the countries, feminism in Great Britain seeks to build

political, social, economic and educational equality for women, a long journey of

various kinds of roles for women in the British family and society based on their

level of welfare has various forms. Starting from the old English era, women had

an equal role with men in agriculture, plantations and animal husbandry, namely

women also did the same work as men in the fields. Along with the development

of the era when capitalism had entered British territory, the role of middle-class

women then experienced a narrowing, namely the role of people preparing food

every day for family members, cleaning and taking care of the house when men

were working in factories and capitalist companies (Wollstonecraft, 1792).

The dilemma as they do not have access to work in factories that require

physical abilities because they are considered weak and do not have the ability to

work. Meanwhile, the fate of lower-class women is to become housemaids for

upper-class families and many become unskilled laborers and do not get the

wages that men get. On the political side, initially women also did not have the

right to vote. However, along with the development of the feminist movement in

the 90s, they finally had space to vote and in 2003 the position of women's

participation in parliament was quite large (Nasution, 2007).

In 1991 the lives of women in England had equal access to men in the

aspect of education so that this had an impact on women's economic

independence, having their own jobs and income and providing good mental

maturity so that they could make decisions and determine their own path in life.
 3

The same thing is reflected in a film which is an adaptation of the true story of the

journey of life and the love story of Lady Diana and Prince Charles.

The representation of women's struggle in facing various treatment of

inequality, building equal access, proving themselves to be free from the stigma of

the second gender in the social system and struggling to determine their own way

of life, is also reflected in one of the literary works in the form of a film entitled

Spencer which will become the main object in this research.

Spencer (2021) is a film that tells the life of Lady Diana, played by top

artist Kristen Stewart and several characters such as: Sean Harris, Jack Farthing,

and Sally Hawkins. The film, which premiered to coincide with the 25th

anniversary of Lady Diana's death, was produced by producer Pablo Larrain and

the script was written by Steven Knight. This film received a rating of 6.7 from

977 users and received a score of 92% with 60 reviews from users. Spencer

(2021) is based on the true story of Lady Diana when a British working family

spent three days on Christmas vacation with their family at the Sandringham

estate in Noflok. The days before she decided to end her marriage to Prince

Charles because of the issue of her husband's infidelity that had spread. Stewart

revealed that apart from telling stories about the turning point in Lady Diana's life

who realized that she wanted to be an ordinary woman, to blend into ordinary

society like before she met Prince Charles, she also showed the character of a

woman who could live independently, freely and live a happier life with a way of

life that she will choose(Maharani, 2021).It was from this attitude shown by Diana

that she added value that she deserved to be called a "Lady" which in British
 4

culture is a word that refers to a woman who is respectable, has an elegant and

formal appearance, has character, is able to stand alone, is mentally and

financially independent. Without depending on other people. The word “Lady”

which refers to a woman who has matured and is able to determine her own path

in life has been reflected in Lady Diana.

The most fundamental reason why women need to be facilitated like men,

because they also need provisions to develop their potential so they can determine

their own path, be independent and independent in the real sense. It is for this

reason that to this day the discourse on equality, the opportunity to gain access

and choose an independent way of life for women is always a hot topic for

discussion so that they are not marginalized in public life and are not forever

dependent on men for financial affairs in the household. Because it cannot be

denied that one factor makes a father a super power in a husband and wife

relationship because he is the only one financial support in that relationship. A

similar opinion was also conveyed by Renaldy et al, who positioned women as

individuals who freely and fully determine their own way of life and have the

same opportunities as men (Renaldy, Budiana, & Aritonang, 2020).

Researcher chose this film as an object of research for two fundamental

reasons, first: that in this film the figure of Lady Diana shows various actions that

challenge an established system in the British empire that is not in accordance

with what she believes and wants, such as weighing before entering the palace

where the royal family celebrates Christmas and refuses to wear clothes that have

been determined by work because it does not suit her and most importantly she
 5

has shown her character as an independent woman, unfettered and able to live

independently without men by supporting her two children, then she dares to

facing public opinion regarding the issue of her divorce from her husband, Prince

Charles by way of divorce and living separately.

Second, this film is the adoption of the true story of a pair of British royal

aristocrats so that they are figures which of course many people make of them as

one of the influencers in their lives so that it indirectly has the effect of

influencing values on society including Lady Diana's courage to decide to

separate from the Prince Charles and his life as an ordinary citizen with his two

children amidst the threat of an uncertain future, living independently and

struggling individually and then leaving the luxury of life in the palace of work,

so in the view of researcher this is a film that is worthy and interesting to be used

as an object of research considering all the preliminary studies what researcher

have done has not raised this film.

Seeing this phenomenon, Mary Wollstonecraft, a writer and activist of the

women's movement, who has contributed a lot of her main ideas in liberal

feminism, written in her book entitled: “A Vindication of the Right of Woman,”

demonstrates that the position of women has been subordinated to men because

today's thinking leads women in a pattern of life and thought that focuses on

beautifying the face and body to attract the men and do not get the same

opportunities in the world of education, limited by the stigma of society that

women are physically different from men and have the nature to give birth, taking

care of children, husband and home so they don't develop their minds, do not have
 6

goals and choices in life. This is one of the reasons that cause under development

society (Wollstonecraft, 1792). In short, Liberal feminism is about equality of

opportunity. The researcher chooses the paradigm and theory of liberal feminism

to see the problem in the background because the researcher is of the view that

Wollstonecraft's lens is right to see this phenomenon.

1.2 Research Question

Based on the background of the study above, the problem that investigate

in this study is "How is the representation of liberal feminism in the character of

Lady Diana in Spencer movie?”

1.3 Objective of the Study

Based on the research question, the objective of the study formulate to

describe "How is the representation of liberal feminism in the character of Lady

Diana in Spencer movie”

1.4 Significance of the Study

1.4.1 Theoretical significance

Theoretically, the researcher hope that it can give a contribution to the

study of literature in general and liberal feminism in particular.

1.4.2 Practical significance

This research take an issue of woman movement and idea of establishment

their position as equal as man namely liberal feminism to enrich information

related to liberal feminism. The researcher hope through this research, the reader

can understand and realize the true position of woman in society not only for a
 7

man but also for woman itself they must take a brave to make decision in their

own, determine their life path of freedom and for other researchers who are

interested in researching about liberal feminism.

1.5 Scope of the study

In this study, the researcher focus on representation of character of Lady

Diana in Spencer movie using liberal feminism theory by Mary Wollstonecraft.

1.6 Definition of Terms

To make some key terms clearly and avoid some misunderstanding of the

readers, it is important to interpret and to define the meaning of some points

dealing with this research

1. Representation is the process of generating and exchanging meaning among

members of a culture through the use of language, symbols and images that

represent or represent something (Hall, 1997).

2. Feminism is a social-intellectual movement is not only talks about oppression

against women but rejects all things that subordinated, underestimated, and

marginalized by dominating culture either in economics, politic sphere and or

social life in general (Ratna, 2004).

3. Liberal Feminism is equality of rights between men and women in accessing

every field in life as well as equal opportunities in developing one's potential

and having the freedom to choose the way of life they want to be

(Wollstonecraft, 1792).
 CHAPTER II

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 The Development of Feminist Theory

Feminism is a concept of thought that demands equal rights and justice for

women and men. This concept is a form of women's emancipation around the

world. According to Mujianto (2010) that the main cause of the development of

feminism is the one-eyed view of women, accompanied by various bad

assumptions attached to it and a negative image in society.

The mid-18th century was the starting point for the history of feminism,

the term feminism itself only began to be used at the end of the 19th century in

political debates in France by a woman who proclaimed herself a feminist

(Hannam, 2007). That time feminists carried out the initial movement by

publishing works aimed at obtaining equality for women, especially in the field of

education. However, a clear change in the level and development of feminism was

seen in the post-18th century. With the increase in writing related to women's

emancipation, women are starting to be interested in new ideas that provide a

bright spot for women. In the mid-18th century, women in western countries for

the first time began to organize in societies and groups whose main goal was to

achieve change and improvement in women's social, political and economic life

(Hannam, 2007).

Feminism is divided into three waves, the first wave of feminism occurred

in 1860 to 1920. The second wave of feminism occurred in the 1960s to 1970s,

1
 9

and the third wave occurred after the second wave of feminism took place

(Hannam, 2007).

2.2 Theory of Feminism

Starting from the awareness of the subordination and oppression of women

by this patriarchal system, a study of women emerged which was later termed

"Feminism". Feminism is a movement for women's emancipation, a movement

loudly speaking about improving the position of women and rejecting differences

in degrees between men and women (Wallstonecraff, 1972).

Feminism according to Hannam (2007), is an acknowledgment of the

power imbalance between the two sexes, with the role of women being below

men. Feminism fights for two things that women generally do not have namely

equality and autonomy to determine what is good for them. The position of

women in society is lower than men, they are even considered as "the second

sex". This shows that there is a kind of gender discrimination that compares

between men and women.

Feminism has four of the most prominent streams, namely liberal

feminism, radical feminism, Marxist feminism, and social feminism (Fakih,

2001).

2.3 Theory of Liberal Feminism

One of feminism movement that defends equality rights between men and

women is liberal feminism. Liberal feminists view discrimination against women

who are treated unfairly. Women should have the same opportunities as men to

succeed in society. According to liberal feminists, gender justice can start from

ourselves. First, the rules for the game must be fair. Second, make sure that no
 10

party wants to take advantage of another group of people and the system used

must be systematic and no one is harmed (Tong, 2010).

Political thought is one of the triggers for the formation of liberal

feminists. Liberal feminism is a movement that is reflected in every struggle done

by women to demand the right to freedom (Humm, 2002). Women often get

discrimination, not only at home but also at work, they get different treatment.

The general goal of liberal feminism is to create a just and caring society

where freedom thrives. Liberals themselves believe that in a just society it will

allow an individual, both woman and man, to show their independence. To

achieve equality itself, a woman must be able to change the existing system,

structure, and attitude of oppression (Tong, 2010).

Liberal feminists still focus on individual rights and equal opportunity, and

also argue that changes in legal and social policies will help women achieve this

(Hannam, 2007). That way, liberal feminism also wants women to be equal to

men.

2.3 Liberal Feminism of Mary Wollstonecraft

General view explain that feminism is a social-intellectual movement is

not only talks about oppression against women but rejects all things that

subordinated, underestimated, and marginalized by dominating culture either in

economics, politic sphere and or social life in general (Ratna, 2004).

The first figure who put forward the theory of liberal feminism was Mary

Wollstonecraft (1792), in her book “A Vindication of the Rights of Women”

argued for rationality (reason), natural law and equal rights between men and

women. Wollstonecraft's thinking is the earliest feminist statement in England.

 11

She demands equal rights and equal opportunities between women and men. If

this is granted, according to Wollstonecraft, women will be freed from economic

dependence. As a result, half of human resources will be liberated and human

perfection will be realized. This flow in its struggle emphasizes giving equal

opportunities and rights, because women are the same creatures as men, both in

terms of potential and will. Therefore, in some cases women tend to blame

women when women have been given the same opportunities and rights, but are

still unable to compete with men. In other words, if the system has provided equal

opportunities for men and women. So, if women are unable to compete and lose,

it is the women themselves who need to be blamed (Wollstonecraft, 1792).

For liberal feminism there are two ways to achieve its goals, first, is to take

a psychological approach by raising individual awareness, among others through

discussions about women's experiences in a society dominated by men. Second, is

to demand legal reforms that do not benefit women, and change these laws into

new regulations that treat women as equals to men, in other words, live together on

the basis of equality (Fakih, 2006).

The feminist movement, according to Wollstonecraft arose because of the

assumption that in a society there is an error in treating women as a

manifestation of gender injustice, which includes (1) marginalization of women

in various areas of family, work and community life, (2) subordination that

harms women, (3) various violence against women, both physically and

mentally, caused by the assumption that women are weak, and (4) women's

domesticity in household work as a result of the assumption that women are

diligent, careers, and so on. Because of gender inequality, liberal feminists try to
 12

analyze the causes of oppression of women, trying to get freedom for women

(Fakih, 2006).

2.4 The Core Concept of Liberal Feminism

Liberal feminism trying to make women aware that they are the oppressed

group. Work done by women in the domestic sector is campaigned as

unproductive and places women in a subordinate position. The culture of

American society which is materialistic, measures everything from material

things, and individualism strongly supports the success of feminism. Women are

herded out of the house, have free careers and are no longer dependent on men.

With the core teachings of liberal feminism according to Hidayat (2004), as

follows;

a) Focus on equal treatment of women outside, rather than within the family.

The struggle of this school is because it is based on the view that women

are also rational creatures that are the same as men, so this school revolves

around lawsuits about family institutions that place men as the head of the

family and place women as housewives who only take care of domestic

matters. i.e. parenting, breastfeeding, pregnancy and childbirth. This

struggle is primarily aimed at laws and conventional rules which are

considered to preserve the institution of the family in a patriarchal society.

b) Expanding opportunities in education is considered the most effective way

of carrying out social change. In the tradition of liberal feminism, the

cause of women's oppression is known as their lack of opportunity and

education individually or in groups. To prevent this from happening, the

 13

solution to changing this is to increase opportunities for women, especially

through educational and economic institutions.

c) Women's jobs, such as child care and household work were seen as

unskilled jobs that controlled only the body, not the rational mind.

d) The struggle must touch political equality between women and men

through strengthening women's representation in public spaces. Liberal

feminists actively monitor elections and support men who fight for

women's interests.

e) Unlike its predecessors, today's liberal feminism tends to be more in line

with the model of welfare liberalism or egalitarianism that supports the

welfare state system and mitocracy.

2.5 Liberal Feminism in the 18th Century: Equal Education for Girls

Mary Wollstonecraft wrote A Vindication of the Rights of Women in

1792, arguing that women should have the same access as men to economic and

educational opportunities. Liberal feminist contemporaries want to make women

more prominent in world politics, eliminating differential access to power and

influence over men and women, and thus to achieve equal rights for men or

women.

Mary Wollstonecraft, in her book "A Vindication of the Right of Women"

describes a European society that is experiencing a decline where women are

confined at home and are not given the opportunity to enter the labor market and

do household chores. Meanwhile, men are given the freedom to develop

themselves as optimally as possible. Whereas if women are given the same

opportunities, they can develop themselves optimally, as long as women are also
 14

given the same education as men. Wollstone is trying hard to find a solution for

this and generalization of education is the solution. By equating women's

education with men's education, this will make a woman an "independent

woman", not just a doll and toy for men (Arivia, 2003).

2.6 Liberal Feminism in the 19th Century: Civil and Economic Rights

Opportunities for Women and Men

J.S Mill and Harriet Tailor Mill join Wollestonecraft, which emphasizes

the importance of rationality for women. J S Mill and Harriet Tailor (1896, 15)

further emphasized that equality of women and men is realized, it is not enough to

be given the same education but also to be given the opportunity to play a role in

the economy and guaranteed civil rights which include the right to organize,

freedom to express opinions, the right to vote and private property and other civil

rights. Another contribution to their thinking is that they both emphasize the

importance of Education, Partnership and Equality. Mill put more emphasis on

education and rights, while Taylor put more emphasis on partnerships. Mill

further also questioned the superiority of men, according to him that men are not

intellectually superior to women. Mill's thought is also interesting that the virtues

attached to women are often detrimental to women because women cannot be

themselves, because they will be the people society wants them to be (Arivia,

2003).

2.7 Liberal Feminism in Action of the 20th Century

Struggle idea of The Feminist Mistique, written by Betty Frieden 1963,

when we compare it to books previously written by Wollestone (A Vindication of

 15

the right of the woman), JS Mills and Harriet Tylor, does not seem different they

fight for women's equality through equal access to education, employment and

freedom to determining life choices. According to Betty, middle-class women

who become housewives feel empty and gloomy. They spend their time just

shopping, traveling, grooming, beautifying themselves, satisfying their husband's

lust, and so on. Furthermore, the solution to addressing this problem is that

women must return to school and then contribute to the family economy, have

careers but remain housewives as well, go hand in hand.

But twenty years later she realized in her book The Second Stage that

having a career as well as being a housewife is a very difficult thing, besides

having to serve her husband, she also has to serve her employer in the office. So

the thing that needs to be done is to carry out a movement so that they are aware

of the limitations that society has created so that they are able to improve these

conditions, they must establish a cooperation with men to change the mindset of

society in the public and private fields, that is, husbands must also participate.

bear the burden of the family in terms of economy, household and children

(Arivia, 2003).

2.8 Liberal Feminism in Additional Perspective

Tong and Rosemarie mentions that the overarching goal of liberal

feminism is to create “a just and caring society in which freedom thrives”. Only

in such a society can women and men develop themselves. Liberal Feminism

makes women aware that they are on the depressed side. Liberal Femininity's

view of equality at least has an impact on the development of women's impact

 16

and equality to participate in political activities such as making state policies

(Tong & Rosemarie, 1998).

Naomi Wolf is also part of liberal feminism but she is more vocal about

the need for strength for women. In addition, he invites women to have an

education. Even though in the 21st century women have had education, are

political, women must continue to fight for equal rights with men. Wolf's idea can

certainly change the perspective and is a solution. Now women have power in

terms of education, politics and socio-culture, such as a woman being able to

study at an institution together with men, have the right to political activities such

as making policies in a country, as well as social conditions that can accept

women to have jobs. for what they want without any coercion.

Naomi Wolf mentions the affluent, educated, liberated women of the first

World, who can enjoy freedoms unavailable to any woman ever before, do not feel

as free as they want to. The quote explains that, in order to become established

individuals, women are supported to participate in activities outside the home,

even pursuing careers in various fields. This makes them no longer limited by

their unconscious that freedom is something that must be fought for with careless

thoughts such as things that are not important. Based on that statement, women

were aware of their liberties and limitations with men, as well as the culture at that

time which limited them and emphasized the role of men more (Wolf, 2002).

2.9 Previous Study

There are several previous scholars have researched women and gender

problems in liberal feminism contexts, yet a discussion about the representation of

 17

womenappearing in Spencer movie is limited. Therefore, the researcher collects

someresearches relevant to this research as in the following:

The First Previous study is Nurhalifah (2020), Student of Halu Oleo

University, with thesis title “Power Feminism of Victoria as the Main Character

in the Young Victoria Movie Directed by Jean-Marc Valèe (Application of Naomi

Wolf’s Feminism)." In herresearch, she discussed analyzing power feminism in

"The Young Victoria" movie. This study's problem is how the application of

power feminism represented of Victoria in The Young Victoria movie, using

Naomi Wolf’s feminism. The objective is to identify the power feminism

represents of Victoria in The Young Victoria movie directed by Jean-Marc Vallee.

The result of analysis represented Victoria based on powerfeminism

theory, when Victoria refused to sign a regency order of power to her mother and

Victoria tried to get out of trouble with her trusted people and Victoriashows her

power and breaking assumption about a woman cannot leading, throughthe

achievements of Victoria. Victoria also shows the relationship between

womenand leadership represented by Victoria. Through the characteristic of

powerfeminism, they are the liberative, tolerance and individual voice,

responsibility and empathy, collaborating with man, and identity and public space.

Victoria also describes the power of feminism that there is no difference between

men andwomen in showing equal rights in leading. This show that

Victoriaprovides the evidence of power feminism against the concept of woman is

weak creatures. Theory of power feminism shows that, on the other hand, women

can do something that men can do.

 18

The second previous study is coming from Laudita Kanana Rizki

Nareswara (2019) from the Faculty of Literature, Universitas Sanata Dharma,

entitled “Liberal Feminism Seen Through the Main Character in Educating Rita

Movie” a study to show the struggle of the figure of Rita to get education up to

university in order to maximize her potential but is limited by her own husband

who thinks that Rita's position is enough to take care of the household.

The purpose of this study is to see how Rita's character is depicted in

fighting the stigma that people who come from the middle working class are not

important to get higher education and how liberal feminism is depicted through

the figure of Rita. This research is library research using descriptive qualitative

method and using film as the main object.

The results of this study indicate that Rita has a strong personality, brave,

rebellious, has intelligence but is not supported by a good education, hardworking

and someone who is independent. Second, the character of liberal feminism is

illustrated through: Maximizing oneself for everything, being a rebel in her

family, working hard to pay for her education, finally in the end she gets what she

wants and happier with her choice.

The third previous study is “The Representation of Hindi Woman in

English Vinglish Movie” (2022) by Metzy Priskila, Universitas Halu Oleo. Her

study aims to analyze the representation of a Hindi woman throughthe leading

female character in English Vinglish. In looking for the way of howthe Hindi

woman is represented in the movie, the researcher used the perspectiveof

multicultural feminism. Multicultural feminist sees that every woman

isconstructed differently depending on the background, culture, and society

 19

theylive in. Therefore, each woman has a distinctive way of maintaining

theirexistence.

This study is included in the library research type and applies

thedescriptive qualitative method in analyzing the data. The results reveal two

mainfindings; first is that as the representative character of the Hindi woman,

Shashirepresents an image of the Indian ideal woman through her role in

domestic, her

traditional outfit, and the household skills she brought to the public. Second,

Shashi represents a modern woman by upgrading her quality; developing herskills

in language and mindset about her culture. Shashi’s character shows thatbeing the

ideal woman in a specific culture does not mean being inferior but rathera

woman’s power as a part of a particular culture.

The fourth previous study is "Women Identity Represented in Pocahontas

Character in The New World Movie" (2021) by Novianti, Universitas Halu Oleo.

Her study aims to identify women identifying problems constructed in the main

character in the Pocahontas movie using Mohanty's postcolonial feminism theory.

This study used descriptive qualitative analysis method to analyze, describe, and

summarize the data. The result shows that the Woman Identity that occurred in

Pocahontas has experienced a fusion of ideology with western culture. A real

example can be seen from the series of events and character movements that occur

in the movie where the main character, namely Pocahontas, chooses to move and

settle into a different culture from what he had before.

The last previous study is thesis by Aenun Nadhiyati, “An Analysis on

Liberal Feminism Value of the Main Character in the Film ‘Miss Potter’” (2009),
 20

UIN Syarif Hidayatullah. The study concerns on the way the writer explores the

concepts of liberal feminism to express her idea through the film which appears in

the film Miss Potter. The writer uses the qualitative descriptive analysis as the

method to analyze the relationship between the main character and the liberal

feminism values which are appeared in the main character of the film.

The result of this study shows the characteristics of the main character

which reflects the liberal feminism values. The main character applies androgyny

in her life like liberal feminists suggest. Miss Potter, who decides to be unmarried

at the first story, finally she determines to marry with a man she loves but her

mother does not bless her. Mother is supposed to go along her to release from the

tie of patriarchal culture but Mother oppresses Miss Potter. At a time when most

young women of her class aimed only to make a good marriage, Beatrix becomes

an iconic figure, swimming quietly, but with great fortitude, against the tide. She

shows to the world that she can do a great thing to take part in the public sphere.

She creates a series of children's story that are beloved very much by people.

2.10 Conceptual Framework

This study has a framework to describe everything related to background,

research question and the objective of this study. In this study, the researcher will

analyzethe concept of feminism in the Spencer movie by using the Liberal

Feminism Theory by Wollstonecraft to find out how are the form of

representation of liberal feminism in the character of Lady Diana in Spencer

moviethat will lead to the main purpose of this study.Based on the description

above, the writer draws the theoretical framework below:

 21

Women struggle in Spencer

Movie

Feminism

Liberal Feminism by
Wollstonecraft

Figuring out the form of representation of

liberal feminism by Wollstonecraft in the
character of Lady Diana in Spencer Movie
 CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1 Research Design

This research applied a library research type and descriptive

qualitative method to analyzed the object material. According to Sarwono

in (Sari & Asmendri, 2020) library research is a study that studies various

books and the results of previous similar studies to obtain a theoretical

basis on the problem that will be examined. Therefore, library research is

carrying out by reading, studying, and reviewing books, literature, notes

and various materials related to subject matter.

The data analyzed by using the qualitative descriptive method.

Qualitative research is a research method that provides descriptive data in

spoken words from various sources and observe behavior (Bogdan, R;

Taylor, Sj, 1975). Qualitative research is kind of research that does not

include any calculation or enumerating, where in descriptive qualitative

research seek to provide an explanation using data in the form of words or

pictures in preference over number. The descriptive qualitative method is a

broad range of activities that describes situation definitely and

appropriately and how to gain information about fact or phenomena of

interest. Therefore, in this research descriptive qualitative method used to

explain how the main character of Lady Diana represents in the movie of

Spencer in perspective of liberal feminism.

1
 23

3.2 Source of Data

In this study, researchers focused on analyzing the spencer movie.

Therefore, the source of data in this study is Spencer movie and the data is

audio-visual research data

3.3 Procedures of Collecting Data

In collecting the data, the researcher used several steps, as follows:

1. Watching the movie repeatedly to comprehend the whole story and find

the appropriate information that needed in this research.

2. Screen-shooting and toke-taking. The researcher took screenshots

particular parts of the movie that relates to the problems of the research

and writes down the key points of each part to make it easier to identify.

3. Identifying and grouping. In this step, the researcher identified and

determines each information that is worth checking and group it topically

according to theory that used.

3.4 Technique of Data Analysis

The researcher used paradigm of liberal feminism and Bogdan &

Taylor descriptive qualitative method to analyzed that data, the steps are as

follow:

1. Presenting the data, After watching repeatedly

2. Describing the data. After presenting the data, the researcher described

the data using liberal feminism of Wollstonecraft.

3. Interpreting the data, the data that have been described, the researcher

interpret the data based on Wollstonecraft’s liberal feminism.

 24

4. Finally, the researcher made a conclusion based on the analysis of data to

answer the research question.

 CHAPTER IV

FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION

4.1 FINDINGS

In general, the definition and struggle for feminist ideology based

on Wollstonecraft's views emerged as a reaction to four phenomena that

occurred at that time, which included (1) marginalization of women in

various areas of family, work and community life, (2) subordination which

was harming to women, (3) various violence against women, both physical

and mental, which is caused by the perception that women are weak, and

(4) the domestication of women in household work due to the assumption

that women are diligent, have a career, and so on (Fakih, 2006). Therefore,

the direction of analysis of the Spencer movie which is the object of this

research follow this paradigm.

Data 1: Marginalization of female workers

Duration 05:09
“Male dominance in the world of work is depicted through the royal chef”

1
 25

In this film, the marginalization of women cannot only be seen and

understood through verbal or non-verbal forms of communication and is

focused on the main character, Lady Diana. However, restrictions on

women in the family, community and access to the world of work can be

seen in the early scenes of the film when the entire royal chef's compound

is filled entirely by men. This is in line with Wollstonecraft's idea, which

was written back by Fakih, that discrimination against women often occurs

in the work environment as a consequence of the masculine understanding

that women are weak creatures so they are given restrictions in accessing

employment opportunities. Furthermore, for researchers, this is also an

inseparable part of the unequal role of women in the social system,

regardless of their inability to fill these positions or not being given space

to actualize themselves.

Data 2: Resistance to restrictions on individual freedom

Duration 11:14-11:26
“Scene when Lady Diana drives alone while visiting the palace where Christmas
is celebrated”
 26

Darren : Where is your driver? Where is your security detail?

Diana : I don’t know, I was in the café in Kensington giving some

presents and I thought I might just drive.

Darren : Do they know?

Diana : No, I just drove

Darren : Well anyway, hello again.

For liberal feminism, there are two ways to achieve its goals, the

first is by taking a psychological approach by increasing individual

awareness, including through discussions about women's experiences in a

society dominated by men. In the picture and dialogue above, it is shown

that Lady Diana is explaining why she was driving a car alone without an

escort and a driver. This scene does not explain why Lady Diana left her

bodyguards, but after watching the film in its entirety it can be concluded

that Lady Diana did not like being restrained by the palace's very strict

security system. The scene above is just one of the forms of resistance that

Lady Diana carried out against the existing system at the palace which she

thought was very restrictive and did not favor her at all.

Looking further, Lady Diana's anxiety was the background reason

for carrying out many activities herself without involving other parties, in

this case the palace guard. Researchers see this reason in two forms, firstly

as the instinct of independence which shows that women can do various

things including taking long trips that have never been visited before, even

though they have facilities that allow them to arrive at their destination

with a driver and security forces, but Lady Diana did not use these
 27

facilities, so this incident gave rise to the reverse logic that a woman's

independence is not only born from limited conditions that force her to do

such things. However, Lady Diana's actions were decisions made

consciously and show us that women can also act, walk, determine

attitudes and make decisions like men.

Lady Diana's actions symbolically show that men are not

completely determined in the success of doing something. Even though

several shows in the film show that there was minor chaos arising from

Lady Diana's rebellious actions because she did not comply with royal

regulations, such as arriving late at the palace compared to the royal

entourage, so that several palace officers seemed annoyed by Lady Diana's

actions, her mental strength showed the ability to facing a situation that

was actually a cold conflict between members of the royal family as a

result of his attitude of not wanting to follow all the systems set by the

kingdom during the holiday event.

Data 3: Mental violence

Duration 15:47 – 16:14

 28

“Lady Diana's negotiations with the royal servants when she was about to weigh

herself”

Diana : No Gary usually let me off.

Page : Gary, your royal highness?

Diana : The normal page, the usual Christmas page, we have thing

between us, an understanding, I don’t usually do the getting

weight thing, I’m half of jewelry anyway.

The scene above shows the tradition of weighing before and after

Christmas celebrations at the British royal palace. Lady Diana is depicted as not

really liking this tradition and even refusing to do it. Basically, weight

measurements are carried out to ensure that all royal members enjoy the

Christmas celebrations as evidenced by the increase in body weight of royal

members after the celebration. However, Lady Diana argued that half of her body

weight came from her decorations. Researchers think that in this scene, Lady

Diana was trying to say that weight is not a symbol of happiness. In this position,

Lady Diana was really uncomfortable with the traditions in the palace, and

because she couldn't negotiate it so he tried to fight and didn't do it, he had

succeeded in doing this before when he was still accompanied by the old guard,

the old guard was still trying to make Lady Diana comfortable with the rules

provided by the palace by relaxing the rules. This was against Lady Diana and did

not report these incidents to the palace, Lady Diana called it "understanding", but

it turned out that the palace knew about this and immediately replaced the special

guards with guards who were more obedient and more favorable to the palace. It

is known that the previous guard was a woman, and Lady Diana said that she
 29

always skipped the scale tradition because she was not forced to by the previous

guard, of course this was because there was "understanding" between women in

this condition, the old guard also hated this tradition and agree with Lady Diana.
 30

Data 4: Mental violence

Duration 16:13
“Scene of Lady Diana's debate with royal administrators about
carrying out all royal traditions at Christmas celebrations”

The three data above show that there was an argument between

Lady Diana and the palace staff whose job it was to weigh her before

entering the royal palace to take part in the Christmas celebrations. In this

conversation, the royal employee gave confirmation and defense in

carrying out his duties by saying that "there is no one above tradition."

Indirectly, he wanted to express that everyone is obliged by law to submit

and obey royal rules or traditions without exception, including Lady

Diana. At this point there was a conflict with Lady Diana's wishes and

understanding. So, referring to one of the categories of liberal feminist

struggle proposed by Wollstonecraft, women's resistance in opposing

established rules in a community and family group because they feel

disadvantaged is the entry point seen by researchers because traditions

cannot be criticized, contested and tested. repetition is a form of arrogance

 31

from tradition itself. Examples of the traditions in question include:

weighing yourself before and after Christmas celebrations and expecting

your weight to increase after participating in the celebrations at the palace

for several days as a form of happiness. Second, they are not allowed to

turn on the water heater while bathing. Instead, to overcome the cold after

bathing, they will be given thicker and more blankets to combat the feeling

of cold. This is something that Lady Diana questioned and opposed.

It's not just a debate about the tradition of weighing and the

prohibition on using a water heater when bathing, in this section it can

generally be read that royal regulations limit the choice and freedom of

royal members, in this case especially women, because of these rules such

as weighing and designing. clothes are the kingdom's choice and Lady

Diana was not given the freedom to choose the designer she wanted, even

when Lady Diana tried to make her own choice, the kingdom immediately

replaced the person Lady Diana chose with another designer, of course this

phenomenon is part of the amputation of a woman's freedom in the work

environment experienced by Lady Diana.

 32

Data 5: Psychological pressure

Duration 28:25-30:33
“Lady Diana expressed her sadness to one of the royal administrators who was
also a woman and understood Lady Diana's distressed condition in royal tradition”

Page : Remember, we used to talk

Diana : They fill your eggs with princes and ride away, that’s fine, it’s

just fine, oh, fuck it.

Page : it will be fine

Diana : yes it will be fine, you’ll be in the world in some pub. Laughing.

(looking at the mirror)

Diana : The normal page, the usual Christmas page, we have thing

Lady Diana's position as the main character in this film does not

indicate that she experienced physical violence. However, in this scene it

is clear that she is experiencing mental pressure and violence within the

kingdom caused by the issue of her husband's affair with another woman.

From the conversation and expressions, it was clear that Lady Diana was

experiencing severe physical pressure and she had to face it alone. The
 33

situation when she wore the same necklace as her husband's mistress made

her feel even more confused. In line with this incident, this is a

phenomenon that Fakih wrote about based on her conclusions from

Wollstonecraft's writings which said that "one form of violence that many

women experience is mental violence" (Fakih, 2006). This image is seen

by researchers as a form of oppression experienced by Lady Diana which

is categorized as mental violence.

Data 6: Mental violence

Duration 33:25-34:41
“The royal dinner scene depicts how Lady Diana experienced psychological
pressure when she saw her husband and imagined that the same necklace had been
given to another woman, as well as several royal members who did not seem to
like Lady Diana's attitude at that time.”

Scene above shows that Lady Diana was attending a royal dinner, at that

dinner Lady Diana wore a very beautiful green gown. Apart from that, Lady
 34

Diana also wore a pearl necklace given to her by her husband. In this film, it is

depicted that Lady Diana knew about her husband's affair and she also knew that

her husband had also given the same pearl necklace to his mistress. This makes

Lady Diana feel insulted when she wears the pearls in front of her husband. When

she wears the pearl necklace, she feels like she is shackled in a bondage.

In this scene, it is shown that Lady Diana imagines deciding and putting

the pearl necklace on her plate and eating it. This seems to illustrate Lady Diana's

resistance to humiliation of herself as a woman, wife and mother. Before

attending the dinner, Lady Diana had time to confer with Gary, he was a page

who served Lady Diana, he was one of several palace employees who were close

and understood Lady Diana's suffering. During the preparations, Lady Diana did

not want to wear the pearl necklace jewelry, but Gary believed that Lady Diana

was being tested by members of the royal family, and Gary did not want Lady

Diana to take part in the game that was being played, if Lady Diana was still

adamant about not wearing a necklace. This would make Lady Diana look like a

rebel and not appreciating her husband's gifts.

Data 7: Restriction of freedom

 35

Duration 38:28 – 39:19

“The scene when Lady Diana is in the royal kitchen and meets one of the royal
guards, here shows that Lady Diana's movements are very restricted due to royal
regulations and she is not supposed to be in the kitchen at that time”

Lady Diana : and what do you watch?

New Guard : Mostly in here because of the press, it's a fact that we need to be

on guard because of all the silly attention

The scene above shows that Lady Diana is in the presence of a new head

of security who has been specifically assigned to monitor Lady Diana. From the

statement made by the head of security it is known that the presence of the head of

security is to ensure that Lady Diana is not photographed by the paparazzi. This

happened because there were frequent photo shoots of Lady Diana and the royal

family didn't like this, in a conversation the head of security warned Lady Diana

not to open the curtains on her windows. However, Lady Diana said that let

Paparzy take pictures and find out the actual conditions and events. Through this

conversation, it can be ascertained that the palace does not want the media to

know about what is happening.

 36

Data 8: Constraints determine choices

Duration 48:02 – 50:07

“The scene shows Lady Diana complaining to one of the work officers because
the designer she chose had been replaced by someone else according to the royal
wishes”

In the picture above it is shown that Lady Diana is wanting to

change costumes, only it turns out that the page that usually accompanies

her has been replaced, the page change occurred because the old page was

very close to Lady Diana. Why is the closeness of Page and Lady Diana

considered a problem by the royal family? Because this closeness gives

Lady Diana the freedom to determine things that should be regulated by

the palace, for example the dress code, the dress code is very strict, this

makes Lady Diana even more stressed, but under Gary's supervision, Lady

Diana always has the freedom to choose clothes that suit her. he likes it.

Lady Diana's action of wearing clothes that did not comply with the dress

color rules designated by the palace was an action that wanted to show that
 37

the clothes she wore had to match the atmosphere or at least that was what

Lady Diana wanted to convey when she wore all black at Christmas mass.

Data 9: Involvement in determining decisions

Duration 52:34
“Lady Diana's debate when she asked her husband not to involve
their children in shooting practice activities”

Liberal feminist understanding and movements do not only talk

about women's freedom to think, behave and express their thoughts in

public spaces. However, in general it provides possibilities and

opportunities for women to take part and have the same role as men in

household responsibilities such as child custody. So that everything related

to children, such as: food, level of education, choice of games and

activities in which children will participate, has the right to be known and

considered together with the wife. In the scene above, Lady Diana shows

emotion towards her husband (Prince William) because he did not listen to
 38

her wishes not to involve her child in shooting practice activities. As a

mother, of course Lady Diana had her own thoughts and considerations

regarding this decision. Regardless of whether the reasons for both parties

are correct or not, the point that the researcher wants to emphasize is the

involvement of women in joint decision making so that women's

aspirations in all walks of life can be heard, acknowledged and

accommodated for the sake of realizing overall gender equality.

Data 10: Psychological pressure

Duration 01:01:35
“William emphasized Lady Diana to obey royal rules”

This scene is the ending of Lady Diana and William's conversation

discussing royal traditions during the few days during Christmas celebrations.

They argue with each other. The conclusion of the conversation shows that

William emphasized to Lady Diana not to take actions outside royal regulations

such as opening the curtains in the room, not visiting buildings outside the palace,
 39

allowing her children to take part in shooting practice, submitting to the royal

designer's choice.

Because, apart from being a component of royal traditions that have been

carried out for many years, this activity also shows and wants to create

exclusivity, differences in treatment and life between ordinary people and royal

members, this is proven by William's words which said that "they want us to be

different than other people" while on the other hand Lady Diana wanted to

celebrate Christmas like people in general, this was one of the fights for individual

freedom that Lady Diana wanted and she wanted her children to do the same.

Data 11: Movement space restrictions

Duration 01:09:42
“Firmness and regularity emphasized everyone to follow the
schedule according to the specified time, including Lady Diana”

The series of conversations above shows how strict and inflexible

the royal regulations are regarding the time and sequence of events so that

every activity outside the royal agenda is also monitored in detail by work

officers. While Lady Diana was still enjoying the natural scenery and
 40

talking to animals in the yard, she was approached by royal officers to

immediately return to the palace to prepare for dinner at 08:00 pm while

the time was still 05:00 pm.

Researchers are of the view that this is a form of restriction on

Lady Diana's freedom to manage her own time because she is still

determined to take part in the dinner procession together, but she chooses

not to prepare because time still allows her to enjoy the open air in the

royal yard, in this scene Lady Diana put up a small resistance and would

return to the palace to prepare according to the time she had estimated

herself. This action is a manifestation of the form of liberal feminism

defined by researchers in the literature review above.

Data 12: Marginalization

Duration 01:16:17
“When Lady Diana cut the stitching of the palace curtains because according to
tradition it was not permissible to open the curtains during Christmas
celebrations”
 41

The peak of Lady Diana's resistance to one of the royal traditions

that gave her limitations was when she decided to open the seams of the

curtains using scissors. Restrictions on rights, including enjoying the

natural beauty of the kingdom, can be seen as a form of limiting individual

basic rights, as was felt by Lady Diana, so in the end she decided to open

them. This is a form of resistance to work traditions. However, what was

disturbing was another discovery that when she managed to open the

curtains, Lady Diana cut the skin on her own arm. These findings indicate

that apart from the desire to free herself, the actions of Lady Diana's

character are indicated to have so much mental pressure that it is then

released through the act of mentally injuring herself.

Data 13: Resistance action

Duration 01:44:17
“One of the peaks of Lady Diana's resistance”
 42

Researchers say this was the peak of Lady Diana's resistance to a

series of royal traditions in celebrating Christmas, namely shooting a type

of chicken in the palace forest. Lady Diana was standing right in front of

the shooters who were about to carry out the shooting. Lady Diana's

actions were triggered by two things: first, she did not want the bird to be

shot every year. Second, he doesn't want his child to shoot anything,

because the security and safety of his child is the most important thing, he

doesn't want his child to get used to holding a gun and shooting.

Researchers see this as a struggle for Lady Diana who had full rights to

determine what activities her children would carry out. What

Wollstonecraft calls the marginalization of women in their role in a

community and/or family, in this case Lady Diana's voice was not heard

by the kingdom so she then dared to fight dangerously by standing in front

of the person who was about to carry out the shooting. Lady Diana

threatened to remain standing and not be afraid to be shot, saying "you'll

just have to shoot me" as a verbal bluff against the monarchy.

Data 14: Towards liberation

 43

Duration 01:45:43
“The ending of Lady Diana's journey in the movie of Spencer”

In Spencer's movie the end of the peak of resistance Lady Diana's

character shows freedom. After standing in front of the royal members and

servants who were going to carry out the agenda of shooting the birds, he

then ran with his two children and decided to leave work and start a new

life in another city. Lady Diana's choice to leave the palace and indirectly

sever ties with palace members in the researcher's view is the culmination

of liberal feminist resistance carried out by Lady Diana's character against

royal traditions and not giving her space to be heard.

4.2 DISCUSSION

In liberal feminism, there are two ways to achieve the goals of the

movement, the first is to increase individual awareness by discussing male

domination in their lives and the second is by protesting changes in

regulations that are detrimental to women.

The liberal feminist movement targets 4 things that have become

phenomena in society, namely marginalization, subordination, violence

 44

against women and domestication. The researcher succeeded in finding

two of the four phenomena mentioned, namely marginalization and

violence against women in the object of this research. In the literature

review in this research, it is explained that what marginalization means is

marginalization in the work environment, society and family. Movie

Spencer shows several scenes where there is marginalization carried out

by the royal family towards Lady Diana.

The essence of the entire Spencer Movie is the polemic faced by

Lady Diana when she found out that her husband was cheating on her. It is

certain that the work family also knew about the ongoing affair drama, this

can be seen from the money conversation between Lady Diana and Gary.

Gary said that all the royal members knew about Lady Diana's movements,

Gary even added that they could hear the loudest whispers small though.

This became even more convincing when Gary revealed that he also knew

that the pearls given to Lady Diana's husband's mistress were pearl

necklaces of the same model as the necklace given to Lady Diana.

As a wife and mother, Lady Diana felt ostracized when she was

forced to wear a pearl necklace which was a symbol of her husband's

betrayal. To overcome this, Lady Diana always discussed it with her loyal

page, Gary. As stated previously, to achieve the target of the Liberal

Feminism movement, namely to overcome four phenomena, two methods

are needed, namely increasing individual awareness and changing

regulations that do not benefit women. In this case, to reduce the effects of

marginalization carried out by the royal family, Lady Diana had many
 45

discussions with Gary. As a result of these discussions, Lady Diana finally

tried to fight against regulations or what they called culture. Lady Diana

often wore clothes that were contrary to the dress codes set by the palace.

According to Lady Diana, the clothes she wore must be able to

convey or reflect the feelings of the wearer. In fact, in one of the scenes in

the film, Lady Diana breaks off the pearl necklace she was wearing as a

sign of her liberation. This shows that when Lady Diana could not change

existing regulation she would fight these regulations as proof of her

freedom of impulse as a woman. In the literature review, the researcher

cites an opinion which explains that violence against women does not only

take the form of physical violence but can also take the form of mental

violence.

The mental violence that Lady Daian faces in this film is depicted

throughout the film, but what is most striking is when she is the only

person who suffers. became the place where Lady Diana vented her

complaints and was replaced by a new person, as was previously said,

FGary was the only person who could listen to Lady Diana's complaints,

he was the only person who sided with Lady Diana and showed her bias.

When Gary was replaced by someone else, Lady Diana experienced a lot

of stress, Lady Diana's husband noticed this and finally called Gary back,

so did Charles do this to make Lady Diana happy? Of course not, they

didn't want Lady Diana to look too stressed in front of the press and

paparazzi
 CHAPTER V

CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS

5.1 CONCLUSION

Based on the discussion above, a conclusion can be drawn that the

representation of Liberal Feminism in the Spencer film is depicted by including

two phenomena among the four phenomena that were the aim of the emergence of

the Liberal Feminism movement, namely marginalization and violence against

women. It should be remembered that Lady Diana's position in this film is not

only as a woman but also as a wife and mother, so that the struggle of liberal

feminism that is depicted is very right on target, this film also shows two ways

that must be done to achieve the goals of liberal feminism itself, namely by

holding discussions amidst the domination that occurs over himself, the second is

by going against the regulations because it is impossible to change the regulations

in his current position.

5.2 SUGGESTIONS

At the end of this research, the researcher will convey suggestions

to the audience and future researchers. Before watching this film, viewers

are advised to watch the documentary films that preceded this film as an

introduction to understand the contents of this film. For future researchers,

be careful in raising the issues in the film, make sure to get sufficient data

and evidence that is strong enough to support the research results.

45
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