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objectives

ECOLOGY •

•
Define and explain key concepts in
ecology
Identify, enumerate, explain
environmental issues
• Raise awareness on the importance of
Maria Aisa Ivyreene Calderon environmental laws
Instructor, Philippine Public Safety College

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ECOLOGY
Greek words:
“OIKOS” meaning habitation
ECOLOGY
The study of the interactions
“LOGOS” meaning study of living things with each other
and their physical environment

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major components of environment

I. NATURAL AND II. CULTURE OR
PHYSICAL HUMAN

what is environment? COMPONENTS

A. Biotic – living components
B. Abiotic
COMPONENTS
A. Social environment – norms,
values, ideas, knowledge
describes the sum total of physical and biotic • Location – exact location on Earth B. Economic environment –
• Terrain – altitude or degree of slopes economic activities developed by
conditions influencing the organisms’ responses • Geological Structure – presence & man such as technology
composition of rocks & land forms; C. Political environment –
presence of mineral wealth ideological principles such as
• Climate – temperature, rainfall, production, consumption, use of
humidity & sunlight resources are determined by the
• Energy – main source of energy is sun strategies & policies advocated by
the government

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AIR WATER

SOIL NOISE

What environmental THERMAL LIGHT

issues are you aware of?
PERSONAL VISUAL

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AIR WATER SOIL NOISE

• Vehicle or manufacturing • Increased sediment from • Hazardous waste and Traffic
exhaust soil erosion sewage spills Airports
• Forest fires, volcanic • Improper waste disposal • Non-sustainable farming Railroads
eruptions, dry soil and littering practices, such as the Manufacturing plants
erosion, and other natural • Leaching of soil pollution heavy use of inorganic Construction or demolition
sources into water supplies pesticides Concerts
• Building construction or • Organic material decay in • Strip mining,
demolition water supplies deforestation, and other
destructive practices
• Household dumping and
littering

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THERMAL LIGHT PERSONAL VISUAL

• Power plants • Large cities • Excessive smoking, • Power lines
• Urban sprawl • Billboards and advertising drinking or drug abuse • Construction areas
• Air pollution particulates • Nighttime sporting events • Emotional or physical • Billboards and
that trap heat and other nighttime abuse advertising
• Deforestation entertainment • Poor living conditions and • Neglected areas or
• Loss of temperature habits objects such as polluted
moderating water • Poor personal attitudes vacant fields or
supplies abandoned buildings

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Environmental Issues Environmental Issues

Natural disasters Climate Change

Source: Rappler, 2013

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CLIMATE CHANGE

is a change in the typical or average

WHAT IS weather of a region or city. This could be
CLIMATE a change in a region's average annual
CHANGE? rainfall, for example. Or it could be a
change in a city's average temperature
for a given month or season.
Source: National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA)

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Great Barrier Reef,

Arctic Ice in 2002 vs 2014

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Glaciers are important indicators of

global warming and climate change in
several ways.

Alaskan Pedersen Glacier Melting ice sheets contribute to rising

1930s vs 2005
sea levels. As ice sheets in Antarctica
and Greenland melt, they raise the
level of the ocean. Tons of fresh water
are added to the ocean every day.

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Environmental Issues renewable energy vs fossil fuels

RENEWABLE FOSSIL FUELS
ENERGY
resources that are replaced non-renewable energy; limited in
naturally and can be used again supply and will deplete
solar energy, wind energy, fossil fuels formed from plants and
hydropower, geothermal animals that lived hundreds of
millions of years ago and became
energy, biomass energy buried way underneath the Earth’s
surface where their remains collectively
transformed into the combustible
materials we use for fuel.
coal, oil, oil shales, tar
Renewable energy vs fossil fuel sands, natural gas
energy
Source: Rappler, 2013

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Environmental Issues PH’s Top 10 environmental issues

Genetically-Modified Organisms (GMOs)

• plants or animals that have undergone a process
wherein scientists alter their genes with DNA from
different species of living organisms, bacteria, or
viruses to get desired traits such as resistance to
disease or tolerance of pesticides.

Genetically-modified organisms
(GMOs)

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Environmental Issues PH’s Top 10 environmental issues

Oil spills Urban pollution

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“
Section 16, Article 2 of the 1987 Philippine Constitution:

The State shall protect and advance the right of the

people to a balanced and healthful ecology in accord
with the rhythm and harmony of nature.

what are the laws that protect our

environment?

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Presidential Decree (PD) 1586: Republic Act (RA) 8749:

Philippine Environmental Act System Clean Air Act of 1999
This law requires private corporations,
firms, or entities including agencies and
Provides for a comprehensive air quality
instrumentalities of the government to
prepare an Environmental Impact Statement management policy and program which
(EIS) for every proposed project and aims to achieve and maintain healthy air for
undertaking which significantly affect the all Filipinos.
quality of the environment.

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Republic Act (RA) 9275: Republic Act (RA) 6969:

Philippine Clean Water Act of 2004 Philippine Toxic Substances and
Hazardous and Nuclear Waste

The law aims to protect the country’s water The act provides the legal framework for the
bodies from land-based pollution sources Philippines to control and manage the
(industries and commercial establishments, importation, manufacturing, processing,
agriculture and community/household distribution, use, transport, treatment &
activities). disposal of toxic substances and hazardous
nuclear wastes.

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Republic Act (RA) 9003: Republic Act (RA) 9729:

Philippine Ecological Solid Waste Climate Change Act of 2009
Management Act (PESWMA) of 2000
Aims to systematically integrate the concept
It provides the legal framework for the
of climate change in the policy formulation
country’s systematic, comprehensive and
and development plans of all government
ecological solid waste management agencies and units, to the end that the
program that shall ensure protection of
government will be prepared for the impact
public health and the environment.
of climate change.

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Republic Act (RA) 9512:

Environmental Awareness and Education

“
Act of 2008

To promote environmental awareness We do not inherit the Earth from our

through Environmental Education (EE) and
covers the integration of EE in the school
ancestors; we borrow it from our
curricula at all levels, be it public or private, children.
Native American proverb
including day care, preschool, non-formal,
technical, vocational, indigenous learning,
and out-of-school youth courses or
programs.

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