Generator

1. What Is a Generator? On Which Principle A Generator Works? What Are the Two Main Parts of An Ac Generator?

A Generator is a machine which converts Mechanical Energy into Electrical Energy. Generator works on Faradays laws of
“Electro Magnetic Induction”. The main part of the generator is stator and rotor.

2. What Are Faraday’s Laws of Electro Magnetic Induction?

First Law: Whenever a conductor cuts magnetic flux and E.M.F is induced in that conductor.
Second Law: The magnitude of the induced e.m.f. is equal to the rate of change of flux linkage.

3. What Is the Main Difference Between an Ac Generator and Dc Generator?

In an AC Generator the field is rotating and the armature is stationary whereas in DC Generator the field is stationary and the
armature is rotating.

4. What Are the Advantages of Stationary Armature and Rotating Field in An Ac Generator?

i. It is easy to take output from the stationary armature.

F = PN/120 Hz
Where,
P is the No.of Poles
N is the Speed in RPM.
6. What Is the Connection of Winding in A Stator?

Double star connection.

98.55%

8. What Is the Coolant Used to Cool Stator Winding?

Demineralized water.

9. What Is the Coolant Used to Cool Rotor Winding?

Hydrogen.

10. What Are the Advantages of Hydrogen Gas as Coolant Over Others?

i. Density is 1/14 of air.

i. Stator copper
ii. Stator iron
iii. Rotor copper
iv. Windage loss
v. Stray loss
vi. Friction loss

12. What Is the Value of SCR in A 210 Mw Turbo Alternator?

SCR = 0.49
13. What Is Short Circuit Ratio (SCR) Of A Generator?

It is the ratio of the field current required to produce rated voltage on open circuit to the field current required to circulate rated
current on short circuit.

14. Why Over Current Protection Is Not Necessary for Modern Generators?

Over Current protection is not considered necessary for modern alternators because these are capable of withstanding a
complete short circuit at their terminals for sufficient time without much overheating and damage.

15. What Type of Protection Is Provided for The Generators Against Over Heating of The Generator Stator?

Resistance temperature detector.

16. Which Type of Relays Are Used for The Merz-price Protection System for Alternator?

Merz-Price protection is differential protection provided for the alternator. The relays used in the Merz-Price protection system
of alternator are instantaneous electro-magnetic type protection.

17. Why Large Alternator Is Grounded with Large Resistance?

Large capacity of alternators is typically provided with resistance grounding. High value of resistor is connected to the neural
path to the ground. If the generator is delta connected, then it is grounded with the help of zig-zag transformer or (Delta-Star)
transformer such that a high resistor is connected between the neutral point and the ground. Resistance grounding is provided
so as to limit the short circuit current flowing during earth fault to stator winding in order to provide protection against
mechanical stresses and melting of winding during Line to Ground short circuit. In large generators fault current is limited as
low as 10 to 15 amperes during short circuit.

18. Why It Is Not Necessary to Provide Protection for Turn-to-Turn Fault in Alternator?

The coils of the modern alternators are single turn and therefore it is not necessary to provide protection for turn-to-turn faults.

19. Why It Is Necessary to Suppress Field Immediately After Disconnection of Faulty Alternator from The System?

In the event of fault on the generator windings even though the generator circuit breaker is tripped, the fault is continuous to
fed as long as the excitation will exist because the emf is induced in the generator. Hence it is necessary to suppress the field
immediately after disconnecting the faulty generator from the system.

20. Why It Not Necessary to Provide Over-voltage Protection in Turbo-alternator?

The over voltage occurs when the prime mover speed increases due to sudden loss of the load on the generator and the speed
control governors in case of turbo-generators are very sensitive to the speed variations and therefore generator over voltage of
significant duration or magnitude does not generally occur. This is the reason why generators are not provided with over voltage
protection.