PE AND HEALTH REVIEWER

Dance comes from the German word damson, which  Cretans used dance to perfect their military
means “to stretch or “to drag”. It developed as a training which made excellent.
natural expression of united feeling and action.
Ancient Greece.
Dance is considered the mirror of the society
because it responds to his  Dance was not just for religious and military
training but also a form of entertainment
and display.
HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT OF DANCE
FROM THE DIFFERENT PERIODS
Ancient Rome.
Dance during the Prehistoric Period
 Gave less importance to dancing which
 It had been a major form of religious ritual
eventually became an integral part of
and social expression within primitive
the corruption in the latter days of the
culture.
Roman Empire resulting in the
 It was used as a way of expression and
condemnation of dance by early
reinforcing tribal unity and strength.
Christians.
 It is based on superstition and infused with
 Dance was primarily performed for
magic. Shamans as lead dancers acted as
religious, social and entertainment.
physicians and religious leaders and kept
tribes healthy, prosperous and safe.
Dance during the Middle Ages and The
Dance during the Ancient Civilization Renaissance

Ancient Egypt.
 1400 (Ballet Comes into Play). Ballet
 3,300 BCE (First Dancing). It is believed that started in this year in Italy, but didn’t
the first people to dance were the Egyptians. really become popular until around the
Archaeologists discovered paintings of year 1500.
dancing figures in rock shelters and caves.  Ballet gained its popularity when a lady
 As a way of expressing religious service and of the arts, Catherine de Medici, married
teaching ancient myth, three (3) major King Henry 11 and threw festivals where
dancers were evolved: they would perform ballet dances. Ballet
(1) The king; is believed to be the main core of every
single dance style.
(2) The priests who performed magical
 A vast dance movement occurred
dances
throughout the courts of Europe in the
(3) Virgin dancers who were trained to 15th and 16th centuries.
perform during ceremonies led by the
priests.
MODERN HISTORY
Ancient Crete.
Dance During the Late 16th and 17th Centuries
 The Cretan civilization (3000-1400 BC) was (1501-1700)  1600 (Masque Dancing).
a cultural link in the ancient world between
 Masque dancing started from elaborate
Egyptians and Greeks.
pageants and shows in the 16th century.
Masque dancing involved intricate
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costuming and stage designing that also the streets. It is associated with funk,
incorporated singing and acting as well as breakdancing, and hip-hop.
dancing. It was often used as a court  Several social dance movements also evolved
entertainment. such as castle walk, tango, foxtrot,
 Dance increased as a court amusement and Charleston, Lindy Hop, Rumba, Mambo,
later transformed into professional Cha-ChaCha, Samba, Bossa Nova, Boogaloo
entertainment. and Twist.

Dance during the 18th Century (1701-1800) 21st Century Dance (2001- Present)

 1795 (Classical Persian Dancing). This style  2018 (Dance Nowadays). Today's dance
of dance evolved from courtroom dancing. style has taken a turn towards more hip hop
An era influencing Persian dance was the dances.
Qajar Dynasty which lasted from 1795 to
1925.
 Dancers would perform artistic and lively THE HEALTH-RELATED FITNESS COMPONENTS
dances for the Shah. The music is usually
Health-related fitness involves exercise activities
played by a small band.
that you do in order to try to improve your physical
Dance During the 19th Century (1801-1900) health and stay healthy.

 1890 (Merengue Dancing). It is a Caribbean CARDIOVASCULAR ENDURANCE is the ability of

dance style that involves partners holding the heart and lungs to work together to provide the
each other in a tango-like position and needed oxygen and fuel to the body during sustained
moving their hips side to side. workloads. The 3-minute Step Test is used to test
 1900 (Jazz and Acro). It involves doing cardiovascular endurance.
smooth and flexible movements, and lots of
MUSCULAR STRENGTH is the amount of force a
back bending and tricks. Both styles are
muscle can produce. The Push Up Test is most often
widely popular to this day.
used to test muscular strength.
 Ballroom dances also emerged during this
period like Cotillion, Polonaise, Quadrille, MUSCULAR ENDURANCE is the ability of the
Waltz and Polka. muscles to perform continuous without fatiguing.
The Basic Plank is most often used to test muscular
20th Century Dances (1901-2000)
endurance.
 Described as a period of “dance fever”
FLEXIBILITY is the ability of each joint to move
wherein the young and old alike were not
through the available range of motion for a specific
limited to express emotions through dance.
joint. The Zipper Test and Sit and Reach Test is
 1950 (Contemporary Dance). Contemporary
frequently used to test body flexibility.
dance is a style that combines jazz, ballet,
and modern dance. It can be many different BODY COMPOSITION is the amount of fat mass
styles, but most of the time it is melancholy compared to lean muscle mass, bones and organs.
and or intense.
 1970 (Hip Hop Dance). There are many
styles of hip hop that include breaking,
popping, locking, and more. Street dance
was performed both in night clubs and on

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BALLET DANCE MODERN DANCE

 Ballet was taken from the Italian word Modern dance developed independently in America
“ballare”, meaning to dance, and “ballo”, and Germany. It was then known in Germany as
referring to dances performed in a ballroom. Ausdruckstanz, meaning expressive dance.
 In 16th century, ballet was staged and The pioneering artists were Isadora Duncan, Ruth St.
further developed at the French courts by Denis, and Ted Shawn
Catherine de Medici who brought the dance
 Duncan’s style of dancing emanates from the
from Italy.
center of the body where energy flow
 In 19th century, ballet was imported to
outward, providing impulses for actions.
Russia during the country’s first period of
Westernization when many European NATURE AND CHARACTERISTICS:
fashions, including dance, were emulated
 Dancers are barefoot, often work with feet
and which many of the features that we see and legs parallel, have flexible torso, and use
in ballet today began. weight and gravity to create movements and
 At the end of 20th century, classical ballet in shapes.
Russia was born to where it rapidly grew in
FUNDAMENTAL MOVEMENT
popularity.
 In 19th century, ballet and the arts in general Lateral- The dancer stands with the
experienced an enormous change due to the head and the spine in alignment and
Russian Revolution, World Wars, and the supporting foot turned out
liberation of women. It was also in this time
that ballet reached in the United States. Spiral- A torso twist that begins in the
 In the beginning of 20 th century, a group of pelvis. As the body turns, each level is
pioneering dancers started creating a new separately articulated all the way up
movement that suited the tempo and pulse the spine-pelvis, lower spine, mid-
of the new century which paved way to section, shoulder, neck, and head.
modern/contemporary dance. Stag Leap- Is a very high jump in a
split, but although both legs are
parallel to the floor, the front leg is
bent from the knee inward.

Stag Turn- The supporting knees is

slightly bent; the other leg is up in the
air and bent behind the body.

Flat Back- A series of moves but the

basic movement makes a “tabletop” of
the body.

Hinge- The dancer balances on the balls of the feet,

keeps a straight back and head, and
sends the knees forward as the torso
tilts back and the arms are held straight
out in front
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Contraction- The action begins in Fundamental Movements:

the pelvis, and articulates up the
spine as the breath is exhaled. • Breaking (Break dance) -
Executes several explosive,
Release- This occurs upon
acrobatic movements with
inhalation and also begins in the
breaks or freezes in between
pelvis. The move travels up the
acts
spine in the same order as the
contraction, restoring the torso to a • Popping- A quick
straight alignment. It typically contraction and relaxation of
counters the contraction muscles to producing jerking of various joints
• Locking- It includes a lot of
High Release- An action that tilts
acrobatics and physically
the breastbone up rather than
ending with the spine and upper demanding moves, such as
body in an upright neutral position. landing on one’s knees and the
split
• Krumping- Characterized by
HIPHOP unrestrained, rapidfire, and highly
energetic moves of the limbs and
The word hip-hop was derived from the word “hep”,
torso
an African-American vernacular English language
since 1904 which means “current”. It was apparently • Tutting- It is a dance style that
invented by a New York rapper Kevin Donovan, imitates the angular poses seen in
(known as Afrika Bambaataa), who was dubbed as ancient Egyptian art
the Grandfather of Hip-hop. • House Dance - Combination of
The word street dance arrived in the Philippines skating, stomping and shuffling
from the United States during the 1980s but only
gained unparalleled popularity during the 1990s

NATURE AND CHARACTERISTICS Standard Ballroom Dances

 It is freestyle in nature and maybe practiced Standard ballroom dances are smooth, flowing
in either a dance studio or in an open space ballroom dances that move around the entire
outdoor. dance floor in a counterclockwise movement.
 It consists of four fundamental
characteristics such as rapping (MCing); Disc
jockeying (DJing); Break dancing (B-boying); These includes Foxtrot, Waltz, Tango, and Quick
and Graffiti Art (Aerosol Art). Step.
 It has several styles that comprise two main
 Foxtrot
categories, the Old school (breaking,
 Was named after an American performer
popping, and locking) and the New school
Harry Fox, which was premiered in
(house, krumping, street jazz).
1914.

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 It is an elegant dance whose objective is  The time signature is 2/4 with both
to travel smoothly around the dance beats accented.
floor.  “Slow” count = 1 beat. “Quick” count
 The time signature is 4/4 with the first = 1/2 beat.
and third beats accented.  Counting in beats and bars: 1 2, 1
 “Slow” count = 2 beats. “Quick count = 1 and 2, etc.
beat.
 Counting in beats and bars: 1 2 3 4, 2 2 3
4, 3 2 3 4, 4 2 3 4, etc.
 Waltz  Quick Step

 Was introduced in England in 1874 but  Was developed during World War I in
it was in 1922 that it became as New York and became popular in
fashionable as Tango. Waltz’s steps have ballrooms. It has a common origin as that
already undergone change and of the Foxtrot.
improvements as well and as a result of  It is an up-and-down, rise-and-fall
this, many more variations became swinging motion performed at a fast
possible. It is also considered by some as pace. Music used is usually jazz or swing
“mother of present-day dances” and the with a brisk tempo. It is little faster than
“backbone dance” of the ballroom. brisk walking, although it seems much
 It is a smooth, progressive dance that faster for beginners.
travels around the line of dance,  The time signature is 4/4 with the first
characterized by its “rise and fall” action. and third beats accented.
 The time signature is 3/4 with the first  “Slow” count = 2 beats. “Quick” count =
beat accented. 1 beat.
 Each step = 1 beat.  Counting in beats and bars: 1 2 3 4, 2 2 3
 Counting in beats and bars: 1 2 3, 2 2 3, 3 4, 3 2 3 4, 4 2 3 4, etc.
2 3, 4 2 3, etc.
 Tango Latin Ballroom Dances
 Was first danced in Europe before Latin ballroom dances are energetic dances which
World War I. The word “tango” may reflect the shift in rhythm of the music being danced
be an African term for “closed space” to. Latin dance has a rich cultural history rooted in
or “reserved ground,” or it may be the traditional dances of native peoples of Latin
from the Latin verb tanguere which America. Formal Latin dances includes Cha-cha-cha,
mean “to touch”. It originates from Jive, Samba and Rumba.
Buenos Aires (Argentina) where it
was first danced in “Barrio de Las  Cha-cha-cha
Rana”, the ghetto of Buenos Aires.  Is a newcomer in Latin American dances
 It is a sensual ballroom dance that with origin only in the fifties and
originated in South America during became popular shortly after mambo was
the early 20th century. introduced.

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 It is passionate, energetic, lively and a its roots in African rhythms brought to

flirtatious dance. America by the slaves.
 The time signature is 4/4 with accented  Considered as the sexiest of the ballroom
beat on the first and fourth of each bar. dances which tells the story of love and
 Count 2 = 1 beat; Count 3 = 1 beat; passion between a strong man and a
Count 4 = half beat  Counting in beats teasing woman.
and bars: 2 3 4 and 1, etc.  Jive  The time signature is 4/4 with an accent
 Was developed from the dance on the first beat and fourth beat of each
bar.
“jitterbug” from America. After the
origination of the jive dance in the  Counting in beats: 2 3 4 1. Count 2 = 1
United States, it slowly spread to the beat; Count 3 = 1 beat; Count 4 1 = 2
European countries and in the United beats half beat.
Kingdom.
 A lively style of dance popular especially
in the 1940s and 1950s, performed to
swing music or rock and roll.
 The time signature is 4/4 with accent on
the first beat, second beat, and fourth
beat of each bar.
 Count 1 = 1 beat; Count 2 = 1 beat;
Count 3 = 2/4 beat; Count a = ¼ beat;
Count 4 = 1 beat
 Counting in beats and bars: 1 2 3and4
5and6 etc.
 Samba
 It is one of the five international Latin
dances developed in Brazil during the
19th century.
 The basic footwork features fast, three-
step weight changes with a slight knee
lift, led with alternating feet. The basic
rhythm is “quick”, quick, slow, and
repeat.
 The time signature is 2/4 with musical
accent on the first beat and percussive
accent on the second beat.
 Counting rhythms: 1 and 2, 3 and 4, etc.
 Rumba
 It originates primarily from Cuba in the
sixteenth century, which has