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    2GIS Data Struc v2

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    Alexis Bryan Rivera
    The document discusses representations of spatial data, including vector and raster models. Vector data uses points, lines, and polygons to represent discrete features, while raster data divides space into a grid of cells. Each representation has advantages - vector is better for discrete features and boundaries, while raster is better for continuous surfaces. The document also covers converting between vector and raster data, and issues related to scale, resolution, and attribute storage for each model.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    2GIS Data Struc v2

    Uploaded by

    Alexis Bryan Rivera
    23 views7 pages
    The document discusses representations of spatial data, including vector and raster models. Vector data uses points, lines, and polygons to represent discrete features, while raster data divides space into a grid of cells. Each representation has advantages - vector is better for discrete features and boundaries, while raster is better for continuous surfaces. The document also covers converting between vector and raster data, and issues related to scale, resolution, and attribute storage for each model.

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    2GIS_Data_struc_v2

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    The document discusses representations of spatial data, including vector and raster models. Vector data uses points, lines, and polygons to represent discrete features, while raster data divides space into a grid of cells. Each representation has advantages - vector is better for discrete features and boundaries, while raster is better for continuous surfaces. The document also covers converting between vector and raster data, and issues related to scale, resolution, and attribute storage for each model.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    23 views7 pages

    2GIS Data Struc v2

    Uploaded by

    Alexis Bryan Rivera
    The document discusses representations of spatial data, including vector and raster models. Vector data uses points, lines, and polygons to represent discrete features, while raster data divides space into a grid of cells. Each representation has advantages - vector is better for discrete features and boundaries, while raster is better for continuous surfaces. The document also covers converting between vector and raster data, and issues related to scale, resolution, and attribute storage for each model.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 7

    Lecture 3a

    Representation
    Understanding Spatial
    • Entities • Bona Fide

    Data Models • Fields


    • Fiat

    Representation Vector
    • Points (no
    • Entities • Vector dimensions)
    • Raster • Lines, or “arcs” (1
    • Fields dimension) or
    • Areas, or “polygons”
    (2 or 3 dimensions)

    1
    Lecture 3a

    Vector Vector Data


    • Locational data tell where features are
    • Attribute data tell what features are (lots of
    Zoom
    info!)
    in • Topological data tell where features are in
    relation to one another
    Topology defines relationships between features:
    e.g.,
    parcel #16 is adjacent to parcel #234
    Main St. is connected to First St.
    First St. is a one way street (direction)

    …. Basis for powerful spatial analyses

    Vector Problems Raster


    Vector wetland polygons over a CIR photograph • Grids, or pixels
    • Cell size is constant
    • Area of each cell defines the resolution
    • Raster files store only one attribute, in the form
    of a “z” value, or grid code.

    (graphic courtesy Leslie Morrissey)

    2
    Lecture 3a

    Raster Raster cell size & resolution

    Raster and Vector


    Representing a terrain surface – raster vs. vector representations of the
    same land use:

    3
    Lecture 3a

    ©2005 Austin Troy. All


    rights reserved

    Vector vs. Raster: bounding & lines Vector vs. Raster: Sample points
    Polution rates across space

    Raster: poor representation Vector: better precision (discrete)


    (stairstep)

    Raster: Encoding Problems

    WHEN TO USE RASTER OR


    VECTOR???

    4
    Lecture 3a

    Raster Advantages
    Raster and Vector • Represents high spatial variability
    • Analytic advantages and disadvantages • Best for mapping/modeling
    • Technical advantages and disadvantages continuous phenomena
    • Specific Usages • Represents gradients best
    • Better for fuzzy (transitional)
    A+ B = C
    boundaries
    • Space filling – grid cell for all real A
    estate
    B
    • Combining layers with map algebra
    C

    Raster Disadvantages Vector Advantages


    • Locational accuracy and ability to represent • Great for discrete locations and
    features accurately depends on cell size boundaries
    • Data layer represents only one theme or • not continuous data
    “attribute” • Maps linear features well
    • Poor representation of linear features and • High locational accuracy (depends on
    boundaries scale)
    • No topology • Based on topology
    • Raster coding problems • Lots of attribute data (multiple attributes)
    • Big files! (storage/transfer issue) • Small files (downloadable from Internet)

    5
    Lecture 3a

    Vector Disadvantages
    Moving between vector and raster
    • Polygons are assumed to be homogeneous, so
    may miss inclusions, mixes
    • Lines and polygon boundaries define discrete
    divisions (whether or not they exist on the
    ground)
    • Poorly represent continuous surfaces, gradients
    • Scale (of source) determines mapping accuracy
    • large scale = more detail
    • small scale = less detail

    Converting raster to vector


    Converting vector to raster

    6
    Lecture 3a

    Introduction to GIS

    Conversion problems TIN – Triangulated Irregular Network

    (DEM -- Digital Elevation Model)

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