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    Electro Mechanical Part 2 Q&A

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    kenasa jirata
    Electro mechanical Skills and Role

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    Electro Mechanical Part 2 Q&A

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    kenasa jirata
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    Electro mechanical Skills and Role

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    Electro mechanical Skills and Role

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    16 views4 pages

    Electro Mechanical Part 2 Q&A

    Uploaded by

    kenasa jirata
    Electro mechanical Skills and Role

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 4

    Part 2 : Electro-mechanical

    1. List which factors will indicate the performance of a winding induction motor.
    2. Explain the difference between earthing and grounding and its importance in machine safety.
    3. What are the different types of electrical meters used by technicians, used in HVAC and
    Generator maintenance time, and explain what they measure?
    4. Describe the basic operating principles of an induction motor. How does the speed of an
    induction motor relate to the slip?
    5. How can you troubleshoot common electrical faults in motors, and explain common steps,
    and their control system?
    6. You measure an unbalanced current on a three-phase system. What are some possible reasons
    for this, and how can you rectify the issue?
    7. A control panel for a machine is not functioning. How would you systematically troubleshoot
    the problem to identify the faulty component?
    8. You suspect a problem with the pump control system. How would you systematically
    troubleshoot the issue to identify the faulty component?
    9. Explain the relationship between voltage, current, and resistance in an electrical circuit
    (Ohm's Law). How does this principle apply to motor operation?
    10. Describe the basic principles of power control boards used in single-phase and three-phase
    machines, and highlight the key differences between them.
    1.

    1|Page
    Answers to Electro-Mechanical Technician Exam Questions:

    1. Factors Indicating Induction Motor Performance:


    While several factors contribute to the performance of an induction motor and the effectiveness of a
    rewind, the two primary factors to assess the quality of the rewinding process are:
    a. No-load current: The no-load current refers to the current drawn by the motor when
    it is running but not connected to any load. It primarily represents the core losses
    (hysteresis and eddy current losses) in the motor's iron core.
    b. Stator resistance per phase: The stator resistance per phase represents the electrical
    resistance of the stator winding wires. It contributes to the copper losses in the motor,
    which increase with the square of the current flowing through the windings.

    Additionally :

     Speed: Measured in RPM (Revolutions Per Minute).


     Torque: Rotational force produced by the motor, measured in Newton meters (Nm).
     Current: The amount of electrical current drawn from the power source, measured in
    Amperes (A).
     Efficiency: The ratio of output power (mechanical) to input power (electrical), expressed as a
    percentage.
     Power factor: The ratio of active power to apparent power (combination of active and
    reactive power).

    2. Earthing vs. Grounding:

     Earthing: Connecting the non-current-carrying metal parts of an electrical system to the earth
    to prevent dangerous voltage buildup in case of a fault.
     Grounding: Connecting the neutral conductor of a single-phase system or the neutral point of
    a three-phase system to the earth to establish a reference point and facilitate the operation of
    protective devices.

    Importance: Protects personnel from electrical shock by providing a path for fault current to flow to
    the ground and trips safety devices like fuses or circuit breakers.

    3. Electrical Meters for HVAC and Generator Maintenance:

     Multimeter: Measures voltage, current, and resistance.


     Clamp meter: Measures AC without breaking the circuit.
     Megormmeter: Measures insulation resistance.
     Thermometer: Measures temperature for troubleshooting overheating issues.

    4. Basic Principles of Induction Motor:

     Rotating magnetic field created by the stator windings induces current in the rotor conductors.
     Induced current in the rotor conductors creates a magnetic field that interacts with the stator
    field, generating torque.
     The rotor tries to catch up to the rotating stator field, but never quite reaches it, resulting in
    "slip."

    5. Troubleshooting Motor Faults:

     Visual inspection: Look for burnt windings, damaged insulation, or loose connections.
     Measure winding resistance: Identify imbalances or open windings using a multimeter.

    2|Page
     Check starting components: Test capacitors or starting relays for proper operation.
     Measure motor current: Excessive current may indicate overload or short circuit.

    6. Unbalanced Current in a Three-Phase System:

    Possible Causes:

     Unequal load distribution: This occurs when the current drawn by each phase is
    significantly different. This could be due to:
    o Single-phase loads connected across different phases.
    o Faulty or unbalanced equipment in one phase.
    o Open or lose connection in one phase.
     Voltage unbalance: An imbalance in the voltage supplied to each phase can lead to an
    unbalanced current.
     Harmonics: Distorted waveforms due to non-linear loads can contribute to current
    unbalance.

    Rectification:

     Balanced load distribution: Distribute single-phase loads evenly across all three phases if
    possible.
     Equipment repair or replacement: Repair or replace faulty equipment causing the
    unbalance.
     Improve connection integrity: Ensure proper tightening of all connections in the system.
     Voltage balancing transformers: In severe cases, transformers can be used to balance the
    voltage on each phase.
     Harmonic filters: Filters can be employed to mitigate the effects of harmonics on current
    unbalance.

    7. Troubleshooting a Faulty Control Panel:

    Systematic Approach:

    1. Visual Inspection: Check for any visible signs of damage, such as burnt components, loose
    wires, or blown fuses.
    2. Power Supply Verification: Ensure the control panel is receiving proper power supply
    voltage.
    3. Input Signal Testing: Verify the presence and correctness of input signals (e.g., sensor
    readings, control switches).
    4. Output Signal Measurement: Measure output signals (e.g., relay activation) to identify
    potential malfunctions.
    5. Component Isolation: If specific areas of the panel are suspected, isolate them for further
    testing using appropriate tools like multimeters.
    6. Manual Operation Test: If applicable, attempt manual operation of specific components to
    isolate the issue.
    7. Consult Documentation: Refer to the O&M manual for troubleshooting guidance specific to
    the control panel model.

    8. Troubleshooting Pump Control System:

    Systematic Approach:

    1. Verify Power Supply: Ensure the control system is receiving proper power.

    3|Page
    2. Input Signal Check: Confirm the presence and correctness of input signals like pressure
    switches, float switches, or control commands.
    3. Output Signal Testing: Measure output signals to identify potential issues (e.g., relay
    activation to the pump motor).
    4. Component Isolation: Isolate suspected components like relays or contactors for further
    testing using appropriate tools.
    5. Manual Operation Test: If applicable, attempt manual operation of control components to
    isolate the problem.
    6. Consult Documentation: Refer to the O&M manual for specific troubleshooting steps
    related to the pump control system model.

    9. Ohm's Law and Motor Operation:

    Ohm's Law: V = I * R (Voltage = Current x Resistance)

    Motor Operation:

     Ohm's Law relates voltage, current, and resistance in the motor circuit.
     The applied voltage (V) determines the current (I) flowing through the motor's windings,
    which is limited by the winding resistance (R).
     Motor speed and torque are directly related to the current flowing through the motor
    windings. Higher current generally leads to higher speed and torque (within motor design
    limitations).

    10. Three-Phase Control Components:

     Automatic Transfer Switch (ATS): Automatically transfers power between two sources
    (e.g., utility grid, backup generator) based on pre-defined conditions.
     Contractor: A heavy-duty switch used to control high-current loads in motors or other
    equipment. They are activated by a control signal from other devices like relays or timers.
     Relay: An electrically operated switch that controls a circuit based on a change in a control
    signal (e.g., voltage, current, temperature). They can be used to activate contactors or other
    control devices.
     Timer: A device used to provide time-based control of circuits. They can be used to delay
    activation, activate for a specific duration, or create a sequence of

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