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The document discusses transport phenomena and provides examples of momentum and velocity distributions for laminar flow through slits and tubes. It also examines falling film problems and flow in annular regions. Sample problems are given relating to viscometry and pressure drop calculations.

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15 views

Tutorial

The document discusses transport phenomena and provides examples of momentum and velocity distributions for laminar flow through slits and tubes. It also examines falling film problems and flow in annular regions. Sample problems are given relating to viscometry and pressure drop calculations.

Uploaded by

davidolalere7
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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OBAFEMI AWOLOWO UNIVERSITY

ILE-IFE, NIGERIA
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF TECHNOLOGY
CHE 303- TRANSPORT PHENOMENA (3 UNITS) 2017/2018 B. Sc. HARMATTAN SEMESTER TUTORIAL

SET 1

1. a) A Newtonian fluid is in laminar flow in a narrow slit formed by two parallel walls a distance 2B
apart. It is understood that B << W, so that "edge effects" are unimportant.
Make a differential momentum balance, and obtain the following expressions for the momentum-flux
and velocity distributions
℘𝑜 − ℘𝐿
𝜏𝑥𝑧 = ( ) 𝑥; 𝑎𝑛𝑑
𝐿
(℘𝑜 − ℘𝐿 )𝐵2 𝑥 2
𝜈𝑧 (𝑥) = [1 − ( ) ]
2𝜇𝐿 𝐵
respectively. (Hint: ℘ = 𝑝 + 𝜌𝑔ℎ = 𝑝 − 𝜌𝑔𝑧)

Figure 1a

(b) What is the ratio of the average velocity to the maximum velocity for this flow?
(c) Obtain the slit analog of the Hagen-Poiseuille equation.

2. Extend Problem 1 (Figure 1a) by allowing the wall at x = B to move in the positive z direction at a steady speed vo
. Obtain (a) the shear-stress distribution and (b) the velocity distribution.
 o L   vo
 xz   x
 L  2B
(o L ) B 2   x  2  vo  x
vz  1      1  
2 L   B   2  B 
3. In a gas absorption experiment a viscous fluid flows upward through a small circular tube and then downward in
laminar flow on the outside. Set up a momentum balance over a shell of thickness r in the film, as shown in Fig.
3a. Note that the "momentum in" and "momentum out" arrows are always taken in the positive coordinate
direction, even though in this problem the momentum is flowing through the cylindrical surfaces in the negative r
direction.
Figure 3a

(a) Show that the velocity distribution in the falling film (neglecting end effects) is

 gR 2   r   r 
2

vz  1     2a ln   
2

4   R   R  
(b) Obtain an expression for the mass rate of flow in the film.

4. A cylindrical rod of radius KR moves axially with velocity v z = vo along the axis of a cylindrical cavity of radius R
as seen in the figure 4a. The pressure at both ends of the cavity is the same, so that the fluid moves through the
annular region solely because of the rod motion.

Figure 4a

(a) Find the velocity distribution in the narrow annular region.


(b) Find the mass rate of flow through the annular region.

5. a) Determine the viscosity of a fluid of density 0.75 gcm-3 through which a particle of average diameter 10 mm
and density 1.05 gcm-3 slowly falls with a terminal velocity of 0.05 cms-1 at 20 ℃.
b) The differential equation for the velocity distribution of fluid flow in the annular region of a coaxial cylindrical
viscometer of internal and external radii 𝜅𝑅 and R is given as
1𝑑
(𝑟𝑣𝜃 ) = 𝐶1
𝑟 𝑑𝑟
Where C1 is a constant. Using the appropriate boundary conditions, derive the velocity distribution expression if
the internal cylinder is stationary but the external rotates with an angular velocity, 𝜔.
c) Determine the pressure drop for the flow of cooling water through the annular region of a coaxial-parallel
tube condenser of length 20 cm at a flowrate of 0.05 m3s-1 at 20 ℃. The ratio, 𝜅, of the external diameter of the
inner tube to the internal diameter of the outer tube is 0.75. (Viscosity of water at 20 ℃ = 1 cP).

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