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1 The diagram shows part of the human alimentary canal and associated organs.

The boxes on the left show three letters from the diagram that identify three different organs.

The boxes in the middle show the names of some of the organs in the diagram.

The boxes on the right show some functions of organs.

Draw three lines to link each letter to the name of the organ the letter identifies in the diagram.

Draw three more lines to link these organs to a correct function. Draw a total of six lines.

letter from
name of the organ function
diagram

anus absorption

ileum assimilation

mouth egestion

pancreas ingestion

[6]

[Total: 6]
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2 Protein is a large molecule.

The table shows the names of some large molecules, the enzymes that catalyse the breakdown
of these large molecules and the smaller molecules they are made from.

Complete the table by writing the correct large molecule, enzymes and small molecule in the boxes.

large molecules enzymes small molecules

protein amino acids

..................................................

amylase glucose
..................................................

fatty acids and

fats and oils
.................................................. ..................................................

[4]

[Total: 4]

3 Complete the table to show the names, functions and sites of action of the three different digestive
enzymes.

name of enzyme function site of action

pepsin

trypsin

breaks down maltose to glucose

[3]

[Total: 3]
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4 The photograph is an X-ray of decay in a molar tooth.

Explain how tooth decay occurs.

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[Total: 4]

5 Emulsification of fats occurs in the alimentary canal.

Describe the process of emulsification of fats.

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[Total: 2]

6 State the name of one component of gastric juice and describe its functions.

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[Total: 3]
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7 Carbohydrates are an important component of a balanced diet.

The flow chart shows some of the processes that happen to carbohydrates in food that is eaten.

Describe what happens to carbohydrates in the human body between ingestion and assimilation
in the liver.
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Use the information in the flow chart as a guide.

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[Total: 8]
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8 Enzymes catalyse the reactions of chemical digestion. The table below gives information about
chemical digestion in three parts of the alimentary canal.

Complete the table.

part of the alimentary

enzyme substrate product
canal

mouth starch

stomach peptides

fat fatty acids and glycerol

[3]

[Total: 3]

9 The diagram below shows a diagram of the alimentary canal.

N
P

R
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(a) Use the letters on the diagram above to identify:

the colon, ...........................

the pancreas, ...........................

the stomach. ........................... [3]

(b) State one function for each of these parts of the alimentary canal.

colon..................................................................................................................................

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pancreas............................................................................................................................

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stomach.............................................................................................................................

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(c) (i) On the diagram above draw a label line to show where bile is made.

Label it X. [1]

(ii) State the action that bile has on fats in the small intestine.

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(iii) Explain how this action speeds up the digestion of fats.

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[Total: 10]
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10 Digestion food is absorbed as it passes along the small intestine.

Explain how this absorption takes place.

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[Total: 3]

11 The surface area of food particles affects the rate of their breakdown.

A student carried out an experiment to investigate the rate of the break down of fat.

Two test-tubes were set up as shown in the table below.

Each test-tube contained the same volumes and concentrations of enzyme.

test-tube contents of test-tube time taken for break down of fat / min

E fat + enzyme + water 8

F fat + enzyme + bile 3

(a) (i) Suggest a reason for the difference in results recorded in the table above.

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(ii) Another student carried out a similar experiment but also included a test-tube that
contained fat and water only.

Suggest a reason for this additional test-tube.

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[Total: 3]
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12 The enzyme lipase digests fats into fatty acids and glycerol.

Some students investigated how temperature affects the break down of fats in milk using lipase.

A pH indicator called bromothymol blue was used and the colour change was observed and recorded
every two minutes for a total time of 20 minutes.

The table below shows the colour changes of this indicator.

pH 6 7 8

colour yellow green blue

Three beakers were labelled: cold, warm, and hot. One test-tube was placed in each of the labelled
3
beakers. Three drops of bromothymol blue indicator were put into each test-tube. 2 cm of sodium
3
carbonate solution was added to each test-tube and then 2 cm of milk was added to each test-tube.
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Finally, one test-tube containing 3 cm of lipase was put into each of the three beakers. The
temperature in each beaker was measured and recorded.

The experiment was left for 5 minutes, as shown in the diagram above.

After 5 minutes, the lipase was poured from the test-tube labelled lipase in the cold beaker into
the other test-tube in the cold beaker.

This process was repeated for the warm beaker and the hot beaker.

The mixtures were stirred and the colour of the bromothymol blue indicator in each test-tube was
recorded at 0 (start), 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18 and 20 minutes.

The table below shows the students' results.

Temperatures times and colours

0 - blue, 2 - blue, 4 - blue, 6 - blue, 8 - blue, 10 - blue, 12 - blue,
ice and water = 4,
14 - blue, 16 - blue, 18 - blue, 20 - blue
0 - blue, 2 - blue, 4 - blue, 6 - blue, 8 - green, 10 - blue, 12 - green,
room temp = 21,
14 - green, 16 - yellow, 18 - yellow, 20 - yellow
0 - blue, 2 - blue, 4 - blue, 6 - green, 8 - green, 10 - green / yellow,
hot water = 50,
14 - yellow, 16 - yellow, 18 - yellow, 20 - yellow
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(a) Complete the table below to records the students' results.

colour of indicator

cold warm hot

time / min
........... °C ........... °C ........... °C

[3]

(b) (i) Sodium carbonate solution has a pH of 8. Suggest why sodium carbonate solution was
added to the milk in this investigation.

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(ii) State why the two test-tubes in each of the labelled containers were left for 5 minutes
before mixing their contents.

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(iii) Explain why the colour of the bromothymol blue indicator changed during the
investigation.

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(iv) Predict the colour that you would observe if the experiment had been repeated using
water at 80°C.

Explain your answer.

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(v) Suggest a result that may be anomalous. Give a reason for your answer.

anomalous result....................................................................................................

reason....................................................................................................................

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(c) State two variables that have been controlled in this investigation.

For each of these variables, describe how it has been controlled.

1 variable...........................................................................................................................

how it has been controlled.................................................................................................

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2 variable...........................................................................................................................

how it has been controlled.................................................................................................

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(d) Suggest two ways to modify this investigation to find the optimum (best) temperature for the
enzyme lipase to break down the fats in milk.

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[Total: 17]