Chapter 1 Classification

CLASSIFICATION
CHAPTER 1
2000 – 2020 (THEORY)
Compiled by
Lubna Nadeem
Pakistan International School (English Section), Riyadh
Saudi Arabia
[Chapter: 1 Classification]
1 Two characteristics of living organisms are nutrition and respiration.

(a) (i) List three other characteristics of living organisms.
1. ...................................................................................................................................................................
2. ...................................................................................................................................................................
3. ...............................................................................................................................................................[3]
(ii) Name the process by which green plants produce carbohydrates.
...................................................................................................................................................................[1]
(b) Living organisms release gases into the atmosphere as a result of their various activities. Complete the
table, using a tick (✓) or a cross (✗), to show which gases are released.
[4]
[Total : 8]
0610/2 S00
1 (a) (i) State two features which birds and mammals have in common.
1. .......................................................................................................................................................................
2. .......................................................................................................................................................................
(ii) State two features which distinguish birds from mammals.
1. .......................................................................................................................................................................
2. ...................................................................................................................................................................[4]
0610/3 S00
1 List an external feature of each of the following types of organism that would identify the group to which it
belongs.
[Total : 4]
0610/2/M/J/02
[Lubna Nadeem] 2
1 Fig. 1.1 shows six different fish.
Fig. 1.1
Use the key below to identify each fish. Write the name of each fish in the correct box of Table 1.1. As you
work through the key, tick the boxes in Table 1.1. to show how you identified each fish. Fish A has been
identified for you as an example.
Key
[Lubna Nadeem] 3
Table 1.1
[Total: 5]
0610/2/O/N/02
1 Respiration is a characteristic of living organisms.

(a) State three other characteristics of living organisms.
1. .......................................................................................................................................................................
2. .......................................................................................................................................................................
3. ..................................................................................................................................................................[3]
(b) A remote control deep-sea probe collected mud from the seabed at a depth of 8000 m.
The mud was thought to contain living microorganisms. Suggest an investigation you might carry out which
would indicate whether respiring microorganisms are present in a sample of the mud.
...........................................................................................................................................................................
[Lubna Nadeem] 4
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................[4]
[Total: 7]
0610/2/M/J/03
3 (a) The seaweed, Caulerpa taxifolia, is named using the binomial system.
Explain the term binomial system.
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................[2]
0610/3/M/J/03
4 (a) (i) Describe the main similarities between insects and arachnids. [3]
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
(ii) By means of a table, show the differences between insects and arachnids. [5]
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
0610/3/M/J/03
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1 Fig. 1.1 shows six arthropods.
Fig. 1.1
Use the key below to identify each of these arthropods. Write the name of each arthropod in the correct box
in Table 1.1.
Table 1.1
[Lubna Nadeem] 6
[4]
[Total: 4]
0610/02/O/N/03
3 Fig. 3.1 shows the ears (fruiting heads) of five types of cereal.
[Lubna Nadeem] 7
Fig. 3.1
(a) Use the key to identify each of the types of cereal in Fig. 3.1. Write the names of the cereals in Table
3.1.
Key
[Lubna Nadeem] 8
Table 3.1
[4]
0610/02/M/J/04
1 Use the dichotomous key, Fig. 1.1, to identify the five vertebrate groups, A, B, C, D and E.
Complete Table 1.1.
Fig. 1.1
Table 1.1
[4]
[Total: 4]
0610/02/O/N/04
[Lubna Nadeem] 9
4 (e) Scientific name of a common species of mosquito in America is Culex pipiens. Mosquitoes are
classified as insects, part of the arthropod group. State two external features used in the classification of all
arthropods.
1. .......................................................................................................................................................................
2. ...................................................................................................................................................................[2]
(f) With reference to the mosquito, explain the binomial system of naming organisms.
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................[3]
0610/03/O/N/04
1 Fig. 1.1 shows a mayfly nymph (a larva) that lives in water.
Fig. 1.1
(a) (i) List two features, visible in Fig. 1.1, that show this is an insect.
1……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….[2]
(ii) What special adaptation does the insect shown in Fig. 1.1 have that allows it to live in water?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………[1]
[Lubna Nadeem] 10
(b) Fig 1.2 shows five mayfly nymphs.
Fig.1.2
Use the key below to identify the species of each mayfly.
[Lubna Nadeem] 11
Write the diagram letter of each of the species in the correct box of Table 1.1.
Table 1.1
[4]
[Total: 7]
0610/02/M/J/05
1 Select from the list the name of the group of animals that best fits each description.
Write your choice in Table 1.1.
arachnid bird crustacean insect
mammal mollusc nematode
Table 1.1
[5]
[Total: 5]
0610/02/O/N/05
6 The Ruddy duck, Oxyura jamaicensis, is a native of America.

A flock of 20 birds was introduced into Britain from America before 1950.
The original flock settled quickly in their new habitat and started breeding. Numbers now exceed 6000. The
White-headed duck, Oxyura leucocephala, (a native of Spain) is a closely related species to the Ruddy
duck. Female White-headed ducks are more attracted to male Ruddy ducks than to males of their own
species. Cross-breeding between the two species produces a new variety of fertile duck.
The White-headed duck is now threatened with extinction.
[Lubna Nadeem] 12
Some conservationists are considering a plan to kill the British population of Ruddy ducks to prevent the
White-headed duck becoming extinct. Fig. 6.1 shows a male Ruddy duck.
Fig. 6.1
(a) State two features, visible in Fig. 6.1, those distinguish birds, such as the Ruddy duck, from other
vertebrate groups.
1. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
2. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. [2]
(b) (i) With reference to an example from the passage, describe what is meant by the term binomial system.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….[2]
(ii) State two reasons, based on information in the passage, why the Ruddy duck and
White-headed duck are considered to be closely related.
1. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
2. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….…………………. [2]
0610/03/M/J/05
[Lubna Nadeem] 13
1 (a) Three characteristics of living organisms and four possible descriptions are shown below.
Draw a straight line to match each characteristic to its description.
characteristic description
[3]
(b) State two other characteristics of living organisms.
1……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...[2]
[Total: 5]
0610/02/M/J/06
1 Toads are amphibians. Only two species are native to Britain, the Common toad (Bufo bufo) and the
Natterjack toad (Bufo calamita).
Natterjack toads like warm sandy soil in open and sunny habitats, with shallow pools for breeding.
Examples of these habitats are heathland and sand dunes.
Common toads like cooler, more shady habitats, such as woodland.
(a) (i) Name one external feature that identifies an animal as an amphibian.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………[1]
(ii) Amphibians are a class of vertebrate.
Name two other vertebrate classes.
1. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
2. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………[2]
[Lubna Nadeem] 14
(b) State one piece of information from the passage to show that the Common toad and
Natterjack toad are closely related species.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….[1]
0610/03/O/N/05
1 Four of the classes of vertebrates and five possible descriptions of these classes are shown below.
Draw a straight line to match each class of vertebrate to its description.
class of vertebrate description
Fig. 1.1
[Total: 4]
0610/02/O/N/06
2 (a) Annelids and nematodes are both worm-like animals.
State two features that distinguish annelids from nematodes.
1. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
2. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…………[2]
(b) Fungi are a difficult group to classify because they have features found in both animals and plants.
State one ‘animal feature’ and one ‘plant feature’ that fungi possess.
‘animal feature’…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
‘plant feature’……………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….[2]
0610/03/M/J/06
[Lubna Nadeem] 15
1 Fig. 1.1 shows five mammals.
Fig. 1.1
(a) Use the key to identify each of these mammals. Write the letter for each mammal in Table 1.1.
1 tail more than half that of body length go to 2
tail less than half that of body length go to 4
2 ears at top of head, with thick tail Sciurus caroliniensis
ears at side of head, with thin tail go to 3
3 nose pointed, nose length longer than its depth Sorex araneus
nose blunt, nose length shorter than its depth Clethrionomys glareolus
4 front legs as wide or wider than long Talpa europaea
front legs longer than wide Oryctolagus cuniculus
Table 1.1
Name of mammal Letter
Clethrionomys glareolus …………..
Oryctolagus cuniculus …………..
Sciurus caroliniensis …………..
Sorex araneus …………..
Talpa europaea …………..
[4]
[Lubna Nadeem] 16
(b) Fig. 1.2 shows a young deer feeding from its mother.
Fig. 1.2
State two features of the deer, visible in Fig. 1.2, that distinguish mammals from other vertebrates.
1. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
2. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… [2]
[Total: 6]
0610/03/O/N/06
1 (a) Figs. 1.1 – 1.4 show organisms or parts of organisms (not drawn to scale).
A B
Fig. 1.1
(i) State which of the drawings shows a monocotyledon leaf. State one reason for your choice.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….[1]
[Lubna Nadeem] 17
C D
Fig. 1.2
(ii) State which of the drawings shows an annelid. State one reason for your choice.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….[1]
Fig. 1.3
(iii) State which of the drawings shows an arachnid. State one reason for your choice.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….[1]
G H
Fig. 1.4
[Lubna Nadeem] 18
(iv) State which of the drawings shows a crustacean. State one reason for your choice.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………[1]
(b) The length of the drawing of worm C, in Fig. 1.2, is shown. The actual length of the worm is 5 mm.
Calculate the magnification of this drawing. Show your working.
Magnification…………………………… [2]
[Total: 6]
0610/02/M/J/07
3 Fig. 3.1 shows a female lion in a game reserve.
Fig. 3.1
(a) (i) State one feature, visible in Fig. 3.1, which identifies the lion as a mammal.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….[1]
(ii) State one other feature, not visible in Fig. 3.1, which distinguishes mammals from all other vertebrate
groups.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….[1]
0610/03/M/J/07
[Lubna Nadeem] 19
1 Non-living things, such as a truck, have features that seem to be similar to those of living organisms.
Choose words from the list of characteristics of living things and match them to the statements about a
truck.
excretion
growth movement
nutrition respiration sensitivity
A truck needs to have a supply of diesel put into its fuel tank, similar to the need for………………………….
in animals. When this fuel is burnt exhaust fumes are removed, like the process of ……………………………
in animals. Energy is released when this fuel is burnt. This matches the process of …………………………..
in both animals and plants. This energy is used to turn the wheels of the truck, like the process of
…………………………….. in animals. [4]
[Total: 4]
0610/02/O/N/07
1 Respiration is one of the characteristics of living things.
(a) List four other characteristics of living things not including respiration.
1 …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
2…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
3…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
4…………..……………………………………………………………………………………………………………[4]
(b) Describe the difference between respiration and breathing.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………[2]
[Total: 6]
0610/02/M/J/08
4 (d) Tsetse flies attack animals with short fur, sucking their blood and spreading diseases.
Fig. 4.2 shows a tsetse fly. This fly is an insect, belonging to the arthropod group.
Fig. 4.2
(i) State one feature, visible in Fig. 4.2, which is common to all arthropods.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..[1]
[Lubna Nadeem] 20
(ii) State two features, visible in Fig. 4.2, which distinguish insects from other arthropod groups.
1. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
2. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………[2]
0610/31/M/J/08
1 (a) The binomial naming system used to identify all living things gives the Indian elephant a scientific
name of Elephas maximus.
Which part of this name refers to the genus and which part refers to the species?
genus……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
species ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………[1]
(b) The list gives the names of eight members of the cat family. The common or English name is followed
by the binomial name.
Bobcat – Lynx rufus Cheetah – Acinonyx jubatus Jaguar – Panthera onca
European lynx – Lynx lynx Leopard – Panthera pardus
Lion – Panthera leo Iberian lynx – Lynx pardinus Tiger – Panthera tigris
(i) State the common or English names of two members of the same genus.
1. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
2. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………[2]
(ii) Name the genus that has only one species.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………[1]
[Total: 4]
0610/02/O/N/08
1 The freshwater mussel, Margaritifera margaritifera, is a mollusc which lives in rivers and streams.
(a) The mussel belongs to the group known as the molluscs. State two features you would expect the
mussel to have.
1. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..[2]
(b) Explain how the species name of the freshwater mussel can be distinguished from its genus.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..[1]
(ii) The mussel develops on the fish gills. Define the term development.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..[1]
0610/31/O/N/08
[Lubna Nadeem] 21
1 Fig.1.1 shows six arthropods, each of which could carry disease organisms.
Fig. 1.1
Use the key to identify each of the arthropods. Write the name of each arthropod in the correct box of Table
1.1. As you work through the key, tick (✓) the boxes in Table 1.1 to show how you identified each
arthropod.
Arthropod A has been completed for you as an example.
Key
[Lubna Nadeem] 22
Table 1.1
[5]
[Total: 5]
0610/02/M/J/09
1 Table 1.1 shows some of the external features of the five classes of vertebrates.
Complete the table by using a tick (✓) to indicate if each class has the feature or a cross () if it does not.
The first row has been completed for you.
Table 1.1
feature Fish amphibia reptiles birds mammals
mammary
    ✓
glands
fur / hair
scales /
scaly skin
external
ears
feathers
[4]
0610/31/M/J/09
1 Fig. 1.1 shows a bacterium, a virus and a fungus.
not to scale
Fig. 1.1
[Lubna Nadeem] 23
(a) Complete the table to compare the three organisms shown in Fig. 1.1 by using a tick (✓) to indicate if
the organism shows the feature, or a cross () if it does not. The first row has been completed for you. [3]
Feature bacterium virus fungus

produces
  ✓
spores
Hyphae
Capsule
Nucleus
0610/31/O/N/09
1 (b) Scientific name of soybean is Glycine max. Soybean is a dicotyledonous plant.

(i) Name the genus to which the soybean belongs.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….[1]
(ii) State two features which are only found in dicotyledonous plants.
1. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
2. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..[2]
0610/31/O/N/10
1 (a) Fig. 1.1 shows seven species of fish that live on reefs in the Caribbean.
Fig. 1.1
[Lubna Nadeem] 24
Use the key to identify each species. Write the letter of each species (A to G) in the correct box beside the
key. One has been done for you.
Key
Body shape is long and narrow, at least 10
1 (a) go to 2
times as long as its depth
Body shape is not long and narrow, less
(b) go to 3
than 10 times long as its depth
2 (a) Fins are pointed Aulostomus maculatus F
(b) Fins are smooth Gymnothorax moringa
3 (a) Both eyes are on top of the head go to 4
(b) Eyes are on either side of the head go to 5
4 (a) Tail fin is long and thin Dasyatis americana
(b) Tail fin is short Bothus ocellatus
5 (a) Fish has one or several dark spots go to 6
(b) Fish has no dark spots Epinephelus striatus
6 (a) Fish has two fins on its back Pseudupeneus maculatus
(b) Fish has more than two fins on its back Chaetodon capistratus
[4]
0610/33/O/N/10
6 Fig. 6.1 shows three different insects.
Fig. 6.1
(a) Insects 1 and 2 are more closely related to each other than to insect 3.
(i) Explain how the binomial names indicate that insects 1 and 2 are more closely related.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….[2]
(ii) Explain how the appearance of the three insects suggests that insects 1 and 2 are more closely related.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….[2]
0610/31/M/J/11
[Lubna Nadeem] 25
1 Fig. 1.1 shows a crab that is a member of the arthropod group.
Fig. 1.1
Crabs have a hard shell (carapace) that covers the head and thorax. The abdomen is often folded under
the body below the carapace. All crabs have five pairs of legs.
(a) To which group of arthropods does the crab belong?
Tick (✓) one box to show your answer.
[1]
[Lubna Nadeem] 26
(b) Fig. 1.2 shows five crabs.
Fig. 1.2
[Lubna Nadeem] 27
Use the key to identify each of the crabs.

Write the name of each crab in the correct box in Table 1.1.
Key
Table 1.1
[4]
[Total: 5]
0610/21/O/N/11
[Lubna Nadeem] 28
1 Fig. 1.1 shows five arthropods, each with four pairs of legs.
Fig. 1.1
[Lubna Nadeem] 29
(a) These five arthropods all belong to the same group.

To which group of arthropods do they all belong?
Tick (✓) one box to show your answer.
[1]
(b) Use the key to identify each of these arthropods.
Write the name of each animal in the correct box in Table 1.1.
Key
Table 1.1
[4]
[Total: 5]
0610/22/O/N/11
[Lubna Nadeem] 30
1 Fig. 1.1 shows a flowering shoot of tiger lily, Lilium tigrinum.
Fig. 1.1
(a) State the name of the genus of the tiger lily.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….[1]
(c) The tiger lily plant is a monocotyledon.
List two features, visible in Fig. 1.1, that show it is a monocotyledon.
1……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. [2]
0610/31/O/N/11
[Lubna Nadeem] 31
5 Reed warblers are small birds that migrate over long distances between western Africa and northern
Europe.
Fig. 5.1 shows a reed warbler, Acrocephalus scirpaceus.
Fig. 5.1
(a) State three characteristic features of birds that are visible in Fig. 5.1.
1……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. [3]
0610/32/O/N/11
2 The Galápagos Islands in the Pacific Ocean have many species of animals and plants that live nowhere
else. Iguanas are large herbivorous reptiles. Four species of iguana live on the Galápagos Islands:
• marine iguana, Amblyrhynchus cristatus
• land iguana, Conolophus subcristatus
• Santa Fe land iguana, Conolophus pallidus
• pink land iguana, Conolophus rosada
Fig. 2.1 shows a marine iguana.
Fig. 2.1
[Lubna Nadeem] 32
(a) Reptiles and mammals are both vertebrates.

State three features of mammals that are not found in reptiles.
1……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. [3]
0610/31/M/J/12
3 (b) State three ways in which mammals, such as the red slender loris, differ from other groups of
vertebrates.
1……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. [3]
Two species of slender loris are found in Sri Lanka, the grey slender loris, L. lydekkerianus, and L.
tardigradus.
(e) State how scientists could show that two populations of slender loris belong to the same species or to
two different species.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..[1]
0610/32/M/J/12
1 Fig. 1.1 shows a goliath beetle, Goliathus giganteus.
Fig. 1.1
(a) State two features, visible in Fig. 1.1, that show that Goliathus giganteus is an arthropod.
1……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. [2]
[Lubna Nadeem] 33
Various arthropods are pests of date palms and cause much damage to this important crop throughout the
Middle East. Fig. 1.2 shows eight species of arthropod that are pests of date palms.
Fig. 1.2
[Lubna Nadeem] 34
(b) Use the key to identify each species. Write the letter of each species, B to H, in the correct box in the
key. One, A, has been done for you.
Key
[4]
0610/33/M/J/12
1 The terms eating and breathing are often wrongly stated as characteristics of living organisms.
(a) Eating is often confused with nutrition.
Define the term nutrition.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… [2]
(b) Breathing is often confused with respiration.
Define the term respiration.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………………………………...………………… [2]
[Total: 4]
0610/21/M/J/13
[Lubna Nadeem] 35
1 Scientists found four new animal species living in the sea.

Features of the animals are described in Table 1.1.
Table 1.1
Identify the group to which each animal belongs. Write your answers in Table 1.1. [4]
[Total: 4]
0610/22/M/J/13
1 Flowering plants are classified into two groups, the monocotyledons and the eudicotyledons
(dicotyledons).
(a) Complete Table 1.1 to show differences between these two groups.
Table 1.1
[4]
(b) State two environmental stimuli that flowering plants can detect.
1……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2 ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………[2]
[Total: 11]
0610/23/M/J/13
[Lubna Nadeem] 36
4 Sorghum bicolor is a cereal crop important in many dry areas of the world.
Fig. 4.1 shows some plants of S. bicolor growing in a field in China.
Fig. 4.1
(a) S. bicolor is a monocotyledon.
State two features that are used to identify plants as monocotyledons.
1……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2 ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….[2]
[Total:2]
0610/32/M/J/13
1 Fig. 1.1 shows three annelid species and Ascaris lumbricoides, a species of nematode.
Fig. 1.1
[Lubna Nadeem] 37
(a) State three features shown by the three annelid species that are not shown by the nematode species.
1………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
2………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
3…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. [3]
(b) Organisms are given two names, e.g. Nereis diversicolor.
State what is meant by the first name.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..[1]
0610/33/MJ/13
1 Crabs are classified, along with prawns, shrimps and lobsters, as crustaceans. Most crabs live in the sea,
although some live in freshwater and there are a few land-dwelling crabs.
Fig. 1.1 shows the structure of a typical crab.
Fig. 1.1
(a) State the group of animals that includes crustaceans, insects, arachnids and myriapods.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….[1]
[Lubna Nadeem] 38
Fig. 1.2 shows four different species of crab.
Fig. 1.2
(b) Biologists use dichotomous keys to identify different species.
Use Fig. 1.1 and Fig. 1.2 to state one visible feature of each species of crab A, B, C and D, that could be
used in a dichotomous key to identify crabs.
A…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
B…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
C…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
D…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….[4]
0610/33/O/N/13
[Lubna Nadeem] 39
1 Fig. 1.1 shows five different mammals. They are not drawn to the same scale.
Fig. 1.1
Use the key to identify the mammals shown in Fig. 1.1.
Complete Table 1.1 by writing the names of the five mammals.
Key
[Lubna Nadeem] 40
Table 1.1
[4]
[Total: 4]
0610/21/M/J/14
1 Fig. 1.1 shows five molluscs. They all live in the sea or on the shore.
Fig. 1.1
Use this key to identify these molluscs.
1 Shell has one part Go to 2
Shell has two parts C. edule
2 Shell has a hole in the top F. aperta
Shell does not have a hole in the top Go to 3
3 Shell is narrow, with an obvious point C. australis
Shell is rounded with no obvious point Go to 4
4 Shell is plain, with no pattern L. littorea
Shell is patterned T. regina
[Lubna Nadeem] 41
Write your answers in Table 1.1.

Table 1.1
[4]
[Total: 4]
0610/22/M/J/14
1 Fig. 1.1 shows four insects.
Fig. 1.1
(a) State one feature of the insects shown in Fig. 1.1 that is a characteristic of this group.
...............................................................................................................................................[1]
(b) Use the key to identify the four insects.
Write the name of each insect in the correct box in Table 1.1.
Table 1.1
[Lubna Nadeem] 42
[3]
[Total: 4]
0610/23/M/J/14
6 Myriapods are a group of arthropods that are commonly found in soil habitats in many parts of the world.
Many myriapods are very small and not easy to identify.
Fig. 6.1 shows four species of myriapod, not drawn to the same scale.
Fig. 6.1
(a) State three features of all myriapods that are visible in Fig. 6.1.
1 ........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
2 ........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
3 ........................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................[3]
[Lubna Nadeem] 43
(b) Describe three features of myriapods that could be used to make a dichotomous key to distinguish
between the four species in Fig. 6.1.
1 ........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
2 ........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
3 ........................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................[3]
(c) Mitochondria are cell structures that contain a small quantity of DNA.
Scientists are sequencing the DNA of one particular gene in mitochondria to help identify different species
of many animals including myriapods. The sequences that they find are called ‘barcodes’.
(i) State the part of the cell that contains most of the DNA.
.......................................................................................................................................................................[1]
(ii) Suggest how DNA barcoding might be useful in the conservation of animals, such as myriapods.
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
(iii) State the function of DNA in cells.
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
[Total: 11]
0610/32/M/J/14
1 Fungi were often classified as different species according to their visible reproductive structures.
Penicillium dodgei and Eupenicillium brefeldianum were classified as different species because they had
different types of spores.
However, recently it was recognised that the spores of P. dodgei were asexual spores, while those of E.
brefeldianum were sexual spores. A comparison of the DNA of these two fungi shows that they are the
same species. This fungus is now known as Penicillium brefeldianum.
(a) State how DNA analysis can show that P. dodgei and E. brefeldianum are the same species.
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................[2]
(b) (i) Describe how a fungus, such as P. brefeldianum, reproduces asexually.
...........................................................................................................................................................................
[Lubna Nadeem] 44
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................[3]
(ii) Discuss the advantages of asexual reproduction.
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................[3]
[Total: 8]
0610/33/M/J/14
1 Fig. 1.1 shows a snake. A snake is a living organism and so shows the characteristics of life.
The snake feeds by catching small animals such as mice and rats.
Fig. 1.1
(a) Complete Table 1.1 showing some of the characteristics of life for the snake.
Table 1.1
[3]
[Lubna Nadeem] 45
(b) The snake is a reptile. State one way that a reptile differs from a fish.
.......................................................................................................................................................................[1]
[Total: 4]
0610/21/O/N/14
1 Fig. 1.1 shows five invertebrates that can harm humans.
Fig. 1.1
Use the key to identify the invertebrates shown in Fig. 1.1.
Write the letter for each organism in the key.
[Lubna Nadeem] 46
Key
[4]
[Total: 4]
0610/22/O/N/14
1 Fig. 1.1 shows five different mammals.
Fig. 1.1
[Lubna Nadeem] 47

Write the letter of each species (A to E) in the correct box beside the key.
Key
[Total: 4]
0610/23/O/N/14
5 Fig. 5.1 is a diagram of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
Fig. 5.1
(a) (i) Name the parts of the virus labelled X and Y.
X .......................................................................................................................................................................
Y ...................................................................................................................................................................[2]
(ii) State three ways in which the structure of bacteria differs from the structure of viruses.
1 .......................................................................................................................................................................
2 .......................................................................................................................................................................
3 ...................................................................................................................................................................[3]
0610/32/O/N/14
4 (a) Fig. 4.1 shows the structure of a typical fish.
[Lubna Nadeem] 48
Fig 4.1
Fig. 4.2 shows four species of freshwater fish, A, B, C and D.
not drawn to the same scale

Fig. 4.2
Biologists use dichotomous keys to identify different species.
Describe one visible feature of each species of fish A, B, C and D, that could be used to distinguish
it from the other three species in Fig. 4.2.
Only use descriptions of the features labelled in Fig. 4.1 in your answers.
[Lubna Nadeem] 49
Table 4.1
[4]
0610/32/F/M/15
1 Flowering plants can be divided into two groups: monocotyledons and eudicotyledons (dicotyledons).
Complete Table 1.1 to state the differences between these two types of flowering plants. An example has
been done for you.
[Lubna Nadeem] 50
Table 1.1
[4]
[Total: 4]
0610/21/M/J/15
1 Fig. 1.1 shows three vertebrates. Each is from a different class (group) of vertebrate.
Fig. 1.1
(a) State one characteristic of all vertebrates.
......................................................................................................................................................................[1]
(b) (i) Name the two other classes of vertebrate not shown in Fig. 1.1.
1 ........................................................................................................................................................................
2 ....................................................................................................................................................................[2]
(ii) Name the feature which covers the surface of the bodies of animals in these two classes but not the
three animals shown in Fig. 1.1.
.......................................................................................................................................................................[1]
[Total: 4]
0610/22/M/J/15
[Lubna Nadeem] 51
1 Fig. 1.1 shows four different animals.
Fig. 1.1
(a) Classify each animal into its correct group choosing words from this list.
Write your answers in the ‘group’ column of Table 1.1.
amphibian bird fish insect mammal mollusc reptile [1]
One example has been completed for you.
Table 1.1
(b) Using phrases from the list, complete Table 1.1 by adding two features of each animal group, as shown
for amphibians. You may use each feature once, more than once or not at all.
has no backbone has a backbone has feathers has fur
has gills has scaly skin has slimy skin has a shell
has 8 legs has 6 legs [3]
[Total: 4]
0610/23/M/J/15
[Lubna Nadeem] 52
1 (a) Fig. 1.1 shows five species of mollusc.
Fig. 1.1
Use the key to identify each species. Write the letter of each species (A to E) in the correct box beside the
key.
Key
[3]
(b) State two features that are shown by all molluscs.
1 ........................................................................................................................................................................
2 ....................................................................................................................................................................[2]
[Total: 5]
0610/31/M/J/15
[Lubna Nadeem] 53
1 (a) Fig. 1.1 shows seven plant species that are important crops.
not drawn to scale

Fig. 1.1
[Lubna Nadeem] 54
Key
[3]
(b) The pattern of the veins on the leaves was used in the key to separate the monocotyledonous crop
plants and eudicotyledonous (dicotyledonous) crop plants shown in Fig. 1.1.
State one other feature that could be used to identify monocotyledonous plants from eudicotyledonous
plants.
...................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
[Total: 4]
0610/32/M/J/15
1 F ig. 1.1 shows seven different species of amphibian.
Fig. 1.1
(a) Use the key to identify each species. Write the letter of each species (A to G) in the correct box beside
the key. One has been done for you.
[Lubna Nadeem] 55
Key
[3]
(b) Many amphibian species throughout the world are endangered.
Suggest three reasons why many amphibian species are endangered.
1 ......................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
2 ......................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
3 .......................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................[3]
[Total: 6]
0610/33/M/J/15
[Lubna Nadeem] 56
not drawn to scale

Fig. 1.1
Key
[4]
[Total: 4]
0610/21/O/N/15
[Lubna Nadeem] 57
1 Fig. 1.1 shows six different insects.
Fig. 1.1
Use the key to identify the insects labelled A, B, E and F.
[Lubna Nadeem] 58
Key
Table 1.1
[4]
[Total: 4]
0610/22/O/N/15
[Lubna Nadeem] 59
not drawn to scale Fig. 1.1
[Lubna Nadeem] 60

Key
[4]
[Total: 4]
0610/23/O/N/15
[Lubna Nadeem] 61
1 Fig. 1.1 shows seven lizards that are at risk of becoming extinct.
not to same scale Fig. 1.1
[Lubna Nadeem] 62
(a) (i) Name the vertebrate group that contains lizards.

.......................................................................................................................................[1]
(ii) Use the key to identify each species. Write the letter of each species (A to G) in the correct box beside
Key
[3]
0610/31/O/N/15
1 Fig. 1.1 shows a common emerald dove, Chalcophaps indica.
Fig. 1.1
(a) Two distinguishing features of birds are beaks and wings. State one other feature shown only by birds
that is visible in Fig. 1.1.
......................................................................................................................................................................[1]
[Lubna Nadeem] 63
(b) Birds show variation in the sizes and shapes of their beaks. A beak is composed of an upper mandible
and a lower mandible. Fig. 1.2 shows the heads of seven different species of bird.
[Lubna Nadeem] 64
Key
[3]
0610/32/O/N/15
[Lubna Nadeem] 65
1 Fig. 1.1 shows seven marsupial mammals.
[Lubna Nadeem] 66
(a) (i) State one visible feature that could be used to identify the marsupials in Fig. 1.1 as mammals.
.......................................................................................................................................................................[1]
(ii) Use the key to identify each species. Write the letter of each species (A to G) in the correct box beside
Key
[3]
0610/33/O/N/15
[Lubna Nadeem] 67
1 The boxes on the left contain the names of characteristics of living organisms. The boxes on the right
contain the definitions of these characteristics. Draw one straight line to link the characteristic with its
correct definition. An example has been done for you.
characteristic definition
[5]
[Total: 5]
0610/32/F/M/16
[Lubna Nadeem] 68
2 Fig. 2.1 shows three mammals.

For each mammal, choose one adaptive feature visible in Fig. 2.1 and outline how it helps the mammal to
survive in its environment. Choose a different feature for each mammal.
Table 2.1
[6]
[Total: 6]
0610/32/F/M/16
[Lubna Nadeem] 69
6 A new species of frog was discovered in 2009 in the Amazon rainforest in Peru.
Fig. 6.1 shows this frog, Osteocephalus castaneicola.
Fig. 6.1
(a) State the genus of this animal.
.......................................................................................................................................................................[1]
In the past, anatomy was a way to classify species. DNA is now used to aid the classification of organisms.
(b) (i) Draw and annotate a diagram to show the structure of DNA.
[3]
(ii) Describe how DNA can be used to classify organisms.
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................[2]
[Lubna Nadeem] 70
(c) DNA controls cell function by controlling the production of proteins.

(i) Proteins are coded for by a length of DNA.
What is the name given to the length of DNA which codes for a protein?
.......................................................................................................................................................................[1]
0610/42/F/M/16
2 Fig. 2.1 shows a gorilla with her baby.
Fig. 2.1
(a) Gorillas are mammals and have characteristics that are only found in mammals, and not in any other
vertebrate group.
State:
(i) one mammalian characteristic visible in Fig. 2.1
......................................................................................................................................................................[1]
(ii) two mammalian characteristics not visible in Fig. 2.1
1 ........................................................................................................................................................................
2 ....................................................................................................................................................................[2]
[Lubna Nadeem] 71
(b) Fig. 2.2 shows the average body mass and Table 2.1 shows the average lifespan of males in six
species of mammal.
Fig. 2.2
Table 2.1
[Lubna Nadeem] 72
(i) Name the mammal that has an average lifespan of 23 years.................................................................[1]

(ii) State the average body mass of a male rhinoceros. ...................................................... kg [1]
(iii) State the average body mass of the mammal that has an average lifespan of 25 years................. kg [1]
(iv) Describe the relationship between average body mass and average lifespan shown in Fig. 2.2 and
Table 2.1.
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................[1]
(c) The average lifespan of a human male can vary from 40 years to 85 years.
The lifespan partly depends on the things available in the country where the man lives.
Suggest three things that would increase the chance of a man having a longer lifespan.
1 ........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
2 ........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
3 ........................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................[3]
[Total: 10]
0610/31/M/J/16
1 Fig. 1.1 shows four different reptiles.
Fig. 1.1
[Lubna Nadeem] 73
(a) (i) Reptiles are vertebrates. State one feature which all vertebrates have in common.
...........................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................[1]
(ii) State two features which can be used to identify the animals in Fig. 1.1 as reptiles.
1 ........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
2 ........................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................[2]
(iii) Fig. 1.2 shows a snake.
Fig. 1.2
Snakes are also reptiles. State one way, visible in Fig. 1.2, in which snakes are different from the reptiles
shown in Fig. 1.1.
...........................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................[1]
Fig. 1.3 shows a newt, which looks similar to some reptiles, but belongs to a different vertebrate group.
Fig. 1.3
[Lubna Nadeem] 74
(b) (i) State the vertebrate group to which the newt belongs. Choose from this list and circle your answer.
amphibian bird fish mammal

[1]
(ii) State two features of this group which distinguish it from other vertebrate groups.
1 ........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
2 ........................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................[2]
(c) In some species of reptile, the female keeps the fertilised eggs in her body until they are ready to hatch.
Suggest two advantages of having this adaptive feature.
1 ........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
2 ........................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................[2]
[Total: 9]
0610/32/M/J/16
1 Fig. 1.1 shows five arthropods.
Fig. 1.1
(a) State one feature that is shared by all arthropods.
.......................................................................................................................................................................[1]
[Lubna Nadeem] 75
(b) The five animals in Fig. 1.1 all belong to the same group of arthropods.
(i) Name this group of arthropods. Choose your answer from this list.
arachnids crustaceans insects myriapods
............................................................[1]
(ii) State two visible features of the bee, shown in Fig. 1.1, which place it in this group.
1 ........................................................................................................................................................................
2 ....................................................................................................................................................................[2]
[Total: 4]
0610/33/M/J/16
2 Fig. 2.1 is an electron micrograph showing the bacteria, Vibrio cholerae.
Fig. 2.1
(a) (i) Bacteria are prokaryotes.
State two distinguishing features of all prokaryotes.
1 ........................................................................................................................................................................
2 ....................................................................................................................................................................[2]
(ii) The bacteria shown in Fig. 2.1 each have a flagellum.
Suggest the function of the flagellum in bacteria.
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................[1]
06_0610_42_2016_1.10
4 The boxes on the left contain the names of cells and tissues specialised for carrying out a particular
function. The boxes on the right contain descriptions of specialised functions.
[Lubna Nadeem] 76
Draw one straight line to link each specialised cell or tissue with its correct function.
An example has been done for you.
[5]
[Total: 5]
0610/32/F/M/17
[Lubna Nadeem] 77
7 Fig. 7.1 shows six leaves.
Fig. 7.1 not drawn to scale

Use the key to identify the plants that these leaves came from.
Write the letter for each leaf in the key.
[Lubna Nadeem] 78
Key
[5]
[Total: 5]
0610/31/M/J/17
[Lubna Nadeem] 79
1 Fig. 1.1 shows five whole leaves from different trees.
Fig. 1.1
Use the key to identify the leaves in Fig. 1.1 and write the answers in Table 1.1.
Table 1.1
[4]
[Total: 4]
0610/32/M/J/17
[Lubna Nadeem] 80
1 (b) Fig. 1.1 shows whole leaves from five different trees.
Fig. 1.1
Fig. 1.2 is a key which can be used to identify the five leaves shown in Fig. 1.1.
The key shows the scientific names of the five trees that the leaves came from.
In this key Box 4 is missing.
Fig. 1.2
[Lubna Nadeem] 81
(i) Use the key to identify the five leaves shown in Fig. 1.1.
The leaf labelled B has been identified for you.
Complete Table 1.1 by writing the correct letter next to the Latin name of each type of leaf.
Table 1.1
[3]
(ii) Suggest a suitable question which could be used to distinguish between the leaves of Aesculus
hippocastanum and Fraxinus excelsior.
Write your answer in Box 4 on Fig. 1.2. [1]
[Total: 4]
0610/33/M/J/17
1 Fig. 1.1 shows five different insects.
Fig. 1.1
[Lubna Nadeem] 82
Use the key to identify the insects in Fig. 1.1.

Write the letter for each insect in Table 1.1.
Table 1.1
[4]
[Total: 4]
0610/31/O/N/17
6 (a) Fig. 6.1 shows six insects.
Fig. 6.1
[Lubna Nadeem] 83
Use the key to identify the insects in Fig. 6.1.

Write the letter for each insect in the key.
Key
[5]
(b) Insects are arthropods.
(i) State one feature of all arthropods.
................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) State the names of two other groups of arthropods.
1 .......................................................................................................................................
2 ....................................................................................................................................... [2]
[Total: 8]
0610/32/O/N/17
[Lubna Nadeem] 84
1 Fig. 1.1 shows five species of birds that live near the water in habitats such as mudflats, marshes and
shorelines.
not to scale
Fig. 1.1
(a) State two features that are characteristic of all birds.
1 ........................................................................................................................................................................
2 ....................................................................................................................................................................[2]
(b) Fig. 1.2 is a key to identify the five birds in Fig. 1.1.
Fig. 1.2
Use the key to identify the five birds shown in Fig. 1.1.
[Lubna Nadeem] 85
Complete Table 1.1 by writing the letters A, B, C, D and E in the boxes next to the name of each bird.
Table 1.1
[4]
[Total: 6]
0610/33/O/N/17
6 Viruses can cause diseases.

(a) (i) State two other features of all viruses.
1 ........................................................................................................................................................................
2 ....................................................................................................................................................................[2]
(b) Fig. 6.1 shows four different viruses.
Fig. 6.1
Suggest one feature that could be used to classify viruses into groups.
...........................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................[1]
[Total: 3]
0610/41/O/N/17
[Lubna Nadeem] 86
5 Fig. 5.1 shows the bacterium Helicobacter pylori, which is a human pathogen.
Fig. 5.1
(a) State the genus of Helicobacter pylori.
......................................................................................................................................................................[1]
(b) H. pylori is placed in the prokaryote kingdom.
State two structural features that H. pylori shares with other prokaryotes.
1 ........................................................................................................................................................................
2 ....................................................................................................................................................................[2]
0610/42/O/N/17
5 The kingdom Fungi contains a great diversity of organisms including yeasts, moulds and mushrooms.
Like plants, fungi contain nuclei and mitochondria.
(a) (ii) State two characteristics of fungi that are used to distinguish them from plants.
1 ........................................................................................................................................................................
2 ....................................................................................................................................................................[2]
0610/43/O/N/17
[Lubna Nadeem] 87
1 (a) (i) Fig. 1.1 is a branching key used to identify different species of bacteria.
Fig. 1.1
Fig. 1.2 shows six different species of bacteria.
Use the key to identify the six different species of bacteria.
Write the letters on the lines in Fig. 1.2.
[5]
Fig. 1.2
[Lubna Nadeem] 88
(ii) State the name of the kingdom that bacteria belong to.
..................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(b) State one similarity between the structure of bacteria and the structure of viruses.
..........................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................[1]
(c) Fig. 1.3 is a photomicrograph of Vibrio cholerae, the bacterium that causes cholera.
magnification ×17 300

Fig. 1.3
(i) Write the formula that would be used to calculate the actual length of the bacterium (not including the
flagellum) in Fig. 1.3.
[1]
(ii) The actual length of the bacterium shown in Fig. 1.3 is 0.0026 mm.
Convert this value to micrometres (μm).
Space for working.
..................................................... μm [1]
[Total: 9]
0610/42/F/M/18
[Lubna Nadeem] 89
1 (a) Scientists classify organisms into groups.

State one feature that is used to identify vertebrates.
..................................................................................................................................................................[1]
(b) Vertebrates are classified into five groups.
Fig. 1.1 shows three vertebrates found in Australia.
Fig. 1.1
The emu, the saltwater crocodile and the duck-billed platypus each belong to a different vertebrate group.
All three animals lay eggs that develop and hatch on land.
(i) State the name of the vertebrate group to which emus belong and give one feature of this group that is
visible in Fig. 1.1.
group .................................................................................................................................
visible feature ...................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................[2]
(ii) State the name of the vertebrate group to which crocodiles belong and give one feature
of this group that is visible in Fig. 1.1.
group .................................................................................................................................
visible feature ....................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................[2]
(iii) The duck-billed platypus is classified as a mammal.
Give evidence from Fig. 1.1 for and against classifying the duck-billed platypus as a mammal.
[Lubna Nadeem] 90
evidence for ......................................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
evidence against ...............................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................[3]
(c) There are two groups of vertebrates which lay eggs that develop in water.
State the name of these two groups of vertebrates.
1 ................................................................................................................................................
2 ................................................................................................................................................ [2]
[Total: 10]
0610/33/M/J/18
5 Fig. 5.1 shows an adult fly, Chrysomya megacephala.
Fig. 5.1
(a) State three visible features from Fig. 5.1 that could be used to distinguish adult insects from other
arthropods.
1 ........................................................................................................................................................................
2 ........................................................................................................................................................................
3 ....................................................................................................................................................................[3]
0610/42/M/J/18
2 Fig. 2.1 shows an Arctic wolf, Canis lupus. These wolves are one of the few mammals adapted to the
extreme cold of the tundra in the Canadian Arctic and in Alaska.
[Lubna Nadeem] 91
Fig. 2.1
(a) (i) State two features, visible in Fig. 2.1, that identify Arctic wolves as mammals.
1 ........................................................................................................................................
2 ........................................................................................................................................[2]
0610/43/M/J/18
6 Fig. 6.1 is a photograph of a lion.
Fig. 6.1
(a) Lions are mammals and have the scientific name Panthera leo.
(i) State one feature visible in Fig. 6.1 that identifies the lion as a mammal.
.......................................................................................................................................................................[1]
(ii) State the genus of this mammal.
.......................................................................................................................................................................[1]
(b) Mammals are one of the five groups of vertebrates. The list describes some of the features of fish,
amphibians, reptiles, mammals and birds. Some features belong to more than one group.
State the name of one vertebrate group which has the distinguishing feature of:
scales .......................................................................................................................................
[Lubna Nadeem] 92
feathers .....................................................................................................................................
gills ...........................................................................................................................................
smooth moist skin ..................................................................................................................... [4]
(c) State two features of the cells of all living organisms.
1 ........................................................................................................................................................................
2 ....................................................................................................................................................................[2]
[Total: 8]
0610/31/O/N/18
1 Fig. 1.1 shows six different arthropods labelled A, B, C, D, E and F.
Fig. 1.1
(a) State one feature that can be used to classify an animal as an arthropod.
.....................................................................................................................................................................[1]
(b) (i) State one visible feature that arthropods A, B and C have that arthropods D, E and F do not have.
...........................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................[1]
(ii) State the letter of the organism in Fig. 1.1 that is a crustacean.
Give a reason for your answer.
letter .......................................
[Lubna Nadeem] 93
reason ..............................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................[2]
(c) One of the drawings shows an arthropod named Araneus diadematus.
This arthropod has a body in two segments and it has eight legs.
(i) State the letter of the organism in Fig. 1.1 that shows Araneus diadematus.
....................................... [1]
(ii) State the name of the group of arthropods that includes Araneus diadematus.
......................................................................................................................................................................[1]
[Total: 6]
0610/33/O/N/18
6 Fig. 6.1 is a diagram of the virus that causes measles.
Fig. 6.1
(a) (i) State the name of the parts of the virus shown in Fig. 6.1 labelled X and Y.
X ........................................................................................................................................
Y ........................................................................................................................................ [2]
(ii) Bacteria belong to the Prokaryote kingdom.
State two ways in which the structure of bacteria differs from the structure of viruses.
1 .......................................................................................................................................................................
2 ...................................................................................................................................................................[2]
0610/42/F/M/19
[Lubna Nadeem] 94
2 (a) Table 2.1 shows the names of three groups of arthropods and some of their characteristics.
Place ticks (✓) in the boxes to show the characteristics present in each group.
Table 2.1
[3]
(b) All living organisms show the same seven characteristics.
State four of the characteristics of living organisms.
1 .......................................................................................................................................................................
2 .......................................................................................................................................................................
3 .......................................................................................................................................................................
4 ....................................................................................................................................................................[4]
0610/31/M/J/19
5 (a) Reproduction is a characteristic of all living organisms.

State two other characteristics of all living organisms.
1 .......................................................................................................................................................................
2 ....................................................................................................................................................................[2]
0610/32/M/J/19
3 (b) Fig. 3.2 is a drawing of a bacterial cell.
Fig. 3.2
[Lubna Nadeem] 95
State three ways in which a plant cell is similar to the bacterial cell shown in Fig. 3.2.
1 ........................................................................................................................................................................
2 ........................................................................................................................................................................
3 ....................................................................................................................................................................[3]
0610/33/M/J/19
4 Fig. 4.1 is a photograph of a zedonk.

A zedonk is the offspring of a male zebra and a female donkey.
Fig. 4.1
(a) (i) State the name of the group within the animal kingdom to which zebras, donkeys and zedonks
belong.
...................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) State one feature of the group identified in 4(a)(i) that is visible in Fig. 4.1.
...................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
0610/33/M/J/19
1 All commercial breeds of sheep belong to the species Ovis aries.

(a) Define the term species.
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................[2]
The Merino is a breed of sheep that is farmed mainly for its wool. The wool is very thick and is made of lots
of very thin hairs. Fig. 1.1 shows a female Merino sheep with her newborn lamb.
Fig. 1.1
[Lubna Nadeem] 96
(b) The presence of hair is a feature that is only found in mammals.

State two other features that distinguish mammals from all other vertebrates.
1 ........................................................................................................................................................................
2 ....................................................................................................................................................................[2]
0610/41/M/J/19
1 All living organisms are placed into groups according to their features.
Myriapods are one of the main groups of arthropods.
(a) State two features of myriapods that can be used to distinguish them from other arthropods.
1 ........................................................................................................................................................................
2 ....................................................................................................................................................................[2]
Fig. 1.1 shows that there are four main groups of arthropods.
Fig. 1.1
(b) State the names of two of the other groups of arthropods in Fig. 1.1.
1 ........................................................................................................................................................................
2 ....................................................................................................................................................................[2]
(c) Myriapods can be classified into four classes, 1, 2, 3 and 4.
Fig. 1.2 is a dichotomous key that can be used to distinguish the four classes of myriapods.
Fig. 1.2
[Lubna Nadeem] 97
Fig. 1.3
Complete Table 1.1 by using the key in Fig. 1.2 to classify the six myriapods in Fig. 1.3 into the four
classes.
Table 1.1
[3]
[Lubna Nadeem] 98
(d) Fig. 1.4 is a photograph of the myriapod, Apheloria virginiensis.
Fig. 1.4
(i) State the genus name and kingdom name for the myriapod shown in Fig. 1.4.
genus ................................................................................................................................
kingdom ............................................................................................................................. [2]
(ii) A. virginiensis releases the poison cyanide when it is attacked by predators.
Cyanide stops enzymes in the mitochondria from functioning.
Suggest why cells die if the mitochondria do not function.
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
[Total: 10]
0610/41/O/N/19
[Lubna Nadeem] 99
1 (a) Fig. 1.1 shows four arthropods.
Fig. 1.1
(i) State two features, visible in Fig. 1.1, that are common to all arthropods.
1 ........................................................................................................................................................................
2 ....................................................................................................................................................................[2]
(ii) Fig. 1.2 is a dichotomous key for the arthropods shown in Fig. 1.1.
Complete Fig. 1.2 by writing suitable statements in:
• box 2 to identify species B
• box 3 to separate species C and A.
[2]
Fig. 1.2
[Lubna Nadeem] 100

(b) The Hawaiian happy-face spider, Theridion grallator, is found on several of the Hawaiian islands. Some
of the spiders have a very distinctive pattern on their bodies as shown in Fig. 1.3.
Fig. 1.3
(i) State one feature, visible in Fig. 1.3, that identifies T. grallator as an arachnid.
...................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(c) DNA can be extracted from the webs of spiders. This DNA can be used to identify the species of spider
that made the web, and the species of prey caught in the web.
Explain how DNA extracted from spider webs can be used to identify different species.
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
[Total: 7]
0610/42/O/N/19
5 (e) Wheat plants are monocotyledons.

State one feature of monocotyledons that can be used to distinguish them from dicotyledons.
...................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
0610/42/O/N/19
1 (a) The ant-mimic jumping spider, Myrmarachne formicaria, is shown in Fig. 1.1.
The common name of this species describes its behaviour. It is an arachnid that tricks its prey because it
looks like the insects that it eats.
[Lubna Nadeem] 101

Fig. 1.1
(ii) State the genus of the spider shown in Fig. 1.1.
...................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(iii) Some keys use paired choices of features to identify species such as the ant-mimic jumping spider.
State the name of this type of key.
...................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(b) Spiders are classified as arachnids. Arachnids are one of the main groups of arthropods.
Fig. 1.2 shows diagrams of six arthropods, four of which are arachnids.
Fig. 1.2
[Lubna Nadeem] 102

(i) State two common features of all the arthropods, visible in Fig. 1.2.
1 ........................................................................................................................................................................
2 ....................................................................................................................................................................[2]
(ii) State two common features of all arachnids that can be used to distinguish them from other arthropods.
1 ........................................................................................................................................................................
2 ....................................................................................................................................................................[2]
(iii) State the letters of the four arachnids shown in Fig. 1.2.
...................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
(c) The features shown in Fig. 1.2 are morphological features. Many traditional methods of classification
used morphology.
State the name of one other type of feature that can also be used in classification.
...................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
[Total: 10]
0610/43/O/N/19
1 (a) Fig. 1.1 shows six species of reptiles.
Fig. 1.1
[Lubna Nadeem] 103

(i) Use the key to identify each species. Write the letter of each species (A–F) in the correct empty box
beside the key.
Key:
[5]
(ii) Define the term species.
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
(b) The binomial system of naming organisms tells us the species and the genus of the organism.
State the genus name for Chamaeleo calyptratus.
...................................................................................................................................................................... [1]
(c) Table 1.1 shows some features of animals.
Place ticks (✓) next to two features of most reptiles.
Table 1.1
[2]
(d) State two features of cells that are shared by all living organisms.
1 ........................................................................................................................................................................
2 ....................................................................................................................................................................[2]
[Total: 12]
0610/32/F/M/20
[Lubna Nadeem] 104

3 (a) One of the characteristics of living organisms is sensitivity.

Define the term sensitivity.
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................................... [2]
0610/42/F/M/20
5 Ciliates are classified in the kingdom Protoctist. Bacteria are classified in the kingdom Prokaryote.
(a) State two structural features that distinguish the cells of a protoctist from a prokaryote.
1 ........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
2 ........................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................[2]
(b) Fig. 5.1 shows five species of ciliate that are found in sewage treatment works.
Fig. 5.1
[Lubna Nadeem] 105

Fig. 5.2 is a dichotomous key to identify the ciliates shown in Fig. 5.1.
Fig. 5.2
Complete the key in Fig. 5.2 by writing suitable statements:
• for box 2 to distinguish species B and E
• for box 4 to distinguish species A and C.
text for box 2 .....................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
text for box 4 .....................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
.......................................................................................................................................................................[2]
(c) Didinium is a predatory ciliate. A video recording was made of one Didinium feeding on a Paramecium.
Fig. 5.3 shows a sequence of still photographs taken from the video.
Fig. 5.3
[Lubna Nadeem] 106

Complete the table by putting a tick (✓) by each characteristic of life that can be seen in the still
photographs from the video in Fig. 5.3.
[1]
[Total: 5]
0610/41/M/J/20
[Lubna Nadeem] 107

Chapter 1 Classification

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CLASSIFICATION

1 Two characteristics of living organisms are nutrition and respiration.

1 Fig. 1.1 shows six different fish.

1 Respiration is a characteristic of living organisms.

1 Fig. 1.1 shows six arthropods.

1 Fig. 1.1 shows a mayfly nymph (a larva) that lives in water.

(b) Fig 1.2 shows five mayfly nymphs.

6 The Ruddy duck, Oxyura jamaicensis, is a native of America.

1 Fig. 1.1 shows five mammals.

Feature bacterium virus fungus

1 (b) Scientific name of soybean is Glycine max. Soybean is a dicotyledonous plant.

1 Fig. 1.1 shows a crab that is a member of the arthropod group.

(b) Fig. 1.2 shows five crabs.

Use the key to identify each of the crabs.

(a) These five arthropods all belong to the same group.

1 Fig. 1.1 shows a flowering shoot of tiger lily, Lilium tigrinum.

(a) Reptiles and mammals are both vertebrates.

1 Fig. 1.1 shows a goliath beetle, Goliathus giganteus.

1 Scientists found four new animal species living in the sea.

Fig. 1.2 shows four different species of crab.

Write your answers in Table 1.1.

1 Fig. 1.1 shows five different mammals.

Use the key to identify the mammals shown in Fig. 1.1.

5 Fig. 5.1 is a diagram of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).

4 (a) Fig. 4.1 shows the structure of a typical fish.

not drawn to the same scale

1 Fig. 1.1 shows four different animals.

1 (a) Fig. 1.1 shows five species of mollusc.

not drawn to scale

1 Fig. 1.1 shows five different mammals.

not drawn to scale

1 Fig. 1.1 shows six different insects.

1 Fig. 1.1 shows five different mammals.

not drawn to scale Fig. 1.1

Use the key to identify the mammals shown in Fig. 1.1.

not to same scale Fig. 1.1

(a) (i) Name the vertebrate group that contains lizards.

1 Fig. 1.1 shows a common emerald dove, Chalcophaps indica.

not drawn to scale Fig. 1.2

1 Fig. 1.1 shows seven marsupial mammals.

not drawn to scale Fig. 1.1

2 Fig. 2.1 shows three mammals.

not drawn to scale Fig. 2.1

(c) DNA controls cell function by controlling the production of proteins.

2 Fig. 2.1 shows a gorilla with her baby.

(i) Name the mammal that has an average lifespan of 23 years.................................................................[1]

amphibian bird fish mammal

arachnids crustaceans insects myriapods

7 Fig. 7.1 shows six leaves.

Fig. 7.1 not drawn to scale

1 Fig. 1.1 shows five whole leaves from different trees.

Use the key to identify the insects in Fig. 1.1.

Use the key to identify the insects in Fig. 6.1.

6 Viruses can cause diseases.

magnification ×17 300

1 (a) Scientists classify organisms into groups.

evidence for ......................................................................................................................................................

6 Fig. 6.1 is a photograph of a lion.

1 Fig. 1.1 shows six different arthropods labelled A, B, C, D, E and F.

6 Fig. 6.1 is a diagram of the virus that causes measles.