Astm D714-02 (2017)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles
for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D714 − 02 (Reapproved 2017)
Standard Test Method for

Evaluating Degree of Blistering of Paints1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D714; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope 4. Reference Standards

1.1 This test method employs photographic reference stan- 4.1 The photographic reference standards are glossy
dards to evaluate the degree of blistering that may develop prints.2Figs. 1-4 are reproductions of these standards and are
when paint systems are subjected to conditions which will included to illustrate two characteristics of blistering: size and
cause blistering. While primarily intended for use on metal and frequency.
other nonporous surfaces, this test method may be used to 4.2 Size—Reference standards have been selected for four
evaluate blisters on porous surfaces, such as wood, if the size steps as to size on a numerical scale from 10 to 0, in which No.
of blisters falls within the scope of these reference standards. 10 represents no blistering. Blistering standard No. 8 represents
When the reference standards are used as a specification of the smallest size blister easily seen by the unaided eye.
performance, the permissible degree of blistering of the paint Blistering standards Nos. 6, 4, and 2 represent progressively
system shall be agreed upon by the purchaser and the seller. larger sizes.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the 4.3 Frequency—Reference standards have been selected for
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the four steps in frequency at each step in size, designated as
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- follows:
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
Dense, D,
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Medium dense, MD,
1.3 This international standard was developed in accor- Medium, M, and
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard- Few, F.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the NOTE 1—A quantitative physical description of blistering would include
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom- the following characteristics determined by actual count:
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Size distribution in terms of mensuration units,
Frequency of occurrence per unit area,
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. Pattern of distribution over the surface, and
Shape of blister
2. Referenced Documents For the usual tests, an actual count is more elaborate than is necessary.
2.1 ASTM Adjuncts: 5. Procedure
Reference Standards for Blistering of Paint Coatings2
5.1 Subject the paint film to the test conditions agreed upon
3. Significance and Use by the purchaser and the seller. Then evaluate the paint film for
3.1 A phenomenon peculiar to painted surfaces is the the degree of blistering by comparison with the photographic
formation of blisters relative to some system weakness. This reference standards in Figs. 1-4.
test method provides a standard procedure of describing the 6. Report
size and density of the blisters so that comparisons of severity
can be made. 6.1 Report blistering as a number (Note 2) designating the
size of the blisters and a qualitative term or symbol indicating
the frequency.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint 6.2 Intermediate steps in size or frequency of blisters may
and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D01.25 on Evaluation of Weathering Effects. be judged by interpolation.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2017. Published December 2017. Originally 6.3 When the distribution of blisters over the area has a
approved in 1943. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D714–02 (2009). DOI:
10.1520/D0714-02R17. nonuniform pattern, use an additional phrase to describe the
2
Glossy prints of the photographic reference standards showing types of distribution, such as “small clusters,” or “large patches.”
blistering are available from ASTM International Headquarters. Order Adjunct No.
ADJD0714. Original adjunct produced in 1986.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
D714 − 02 (2017)
Few Medium
FIG. 1 Blister Size No. 2
Medium Dense Dense

FIG. 1 Blister Size No. 2 (continued)
NOTE 2—The number refers to the largest size blister that is numerous conduct the evaluation. It is preferable however, to use the
enough to be representative of the specimen. For example, photographic original photographs or drawings when available.
standard No. 4, “Dense,” has blisters ranging in size from about No. 7 to
No. 4, inclusive.
7. Keywords
6.4 The pictorial representations in this standard which are
published in the Book of Standards are sufficient in order to 7.1 blistering; corrosion; evaluations; reference standards
2
D714 − 02 (2017)
Few Medium
Medium Dense Dense

3
D714 − 02 (2017)
Few Medium
Medium Dense Dense

4
D714 − 02 (2017)
Few Medium
FIG. 4 Blister size No. 8
Medium Dense Dense

5
D714 − 02 (2017)
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in this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk
of infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.
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if not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standards
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This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles

Designation: D714 − 02 (Reapproved 2017)

Standard Test Method for

1. Scope 4. Reference Standards

Medium Dense Dense

Medium Dense Dense

Medium Dense Dense

Medium Dense Dense

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