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    Sec 03

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    BADR ESLAM

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    SEC 03

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    Sec 03

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    SEC 03

    CH1: KINEMATICS OF A PARTICLE


    SEC 03

    By/ Ahmed Mohamed Abd-elaal


    1

    Kinematics of a particle
     Motion of projectile. ‫حركة المقذوفات‬

    Horizontal (→ +𝒗𝒆) Vertical (↑ +𝒗𝒆)


    𝑎𝑥 = 0 𝑚 𝑓𝑡
    𝑎𝑦 = −𝑔 = −9.81 2 = −32.2 2
    𝑠 𝑠
    𝑣𝑥 = (𝑣𝑜 )𝑥
    𝑣𝑦 = (𝑣𝑜 )𝑦 + (−𝑔)𝑡
    𝑠𝑥 = (𝑠𝑜 )𝑥 + (𝑣𝑜 )𝑥 𝑡 1
    𝑠𝑦 = (𝑠𝑜 )𝑦 + (𝑣𝑜 )𝑦 𝑡 + 2(−𝑔)𝑡 2
    2 2
    𝑣𝑥 2 = (𝑣𝑜 )𝑥 𝑣𝑦 2 = (𝑣𝑜 )𝑦 + 2(−𝑔)(𝑠𝑦 − (𝑠𝑜 )𝑦 )

    |𝒗| = √𝒗𝒙 𝟐 + 𝒗𝒚 𝟐 , |𝒂| = √𝒂𝒙 𝟐 + 𝒂𝒚 𝟐

    Notes
     At max height ∴ 𝒗𝒚 = 𝟎
    2

    1.9 A ball is thrown from A. If it is required to clear


    the wall at B, determine the minimum magnitude of
    its initial velocity 𝒗𝑨 ..
    Solution
    A ( 0, 0 ) B ( 12, 5 )
    (𝑣𝐴 )𝑥 = 𝑣𝐴 cos 30 , (𝑣𝐴 )𝑦 = 𝑣𝐴 sin 30
    X-directions → 𝑥𝐵 − 𝑥𝐴 = (𝑣𝐴 )𝑥 𝑡 → ∴ 12 − 0 = (𝑣𝐴 cos 30) × 𝑡

    12
    𝑡= → (𝟏)
    𝑣𝐴 cos 30

    Y-directions → 𝑦𝐵 − 𝑦𝐴 = (𝑣𝐴 )𝑦 𝑡 − 0.5g𝑡 2

    ∴ 5 − 0 = (𝑣𝐴 sin 30) × 𝑡 − 0.5 × 32.2 × (𝑡)2 → (𝟐)

    ∴ 𝒗𝑨 = 𝟒𝟎 𝒇𝒕/𝒔

    1.12 Determine the speed at which the


    basketball at A must be thrown at the
    angle of 30° so that it makes it to the
    basket at B.
    Solution
    A ( 0, 0 ) B ( 10, 1.5 )
    (𝑣𝐴 )𝑥 = 𝑣𝐴 cos 30 , (𝑣𝐴 )𝑦 = 𝑣𝐴 sin 30
    X-directions → 𝑥𝐵 − 𝑥𝐴 = (𝑣𝐴 )𝑥 𝑡 → ∴ 10 − 0 = (𝑣𝐴 cos 30) × 𝑡
    10
    𝑡= → (𝟏)
    𝑣𝐴 cos 30

    Y-directions → 𝑦𝐵 − 𝑦𝐴 = (𝑣𝐴 )𝑦 𝑡 − 0.5g𝑡 2


    ∴ 1.5 − 0 = (𝑣𝐴 sin 30) × 𝑡 − 0.5 × 9.8 × (𝑡)2 → (𝟐)
    ∴ 𝒗𝑨 = 𝟏𝟐. 𝟑𝟔 𝒎/𝒔
    3
    y

    x
    1.14 The fireman standing on the ladder
    directs the flow of water from his hose to
    the fire at B. Determine the velocity of
    the water at A if it is observed that the
    hose is held at = 𝟐𝟎° .
    Solution
    A ( 0, 0 ) B ( 60, -30 )
    (𝑣𝐴 )𝑥 = 𝑣𝐴 cos 20 , (𝑣𝐴 )𝑦 = − 𝑣𝐴 sin 20
    X-directions → 𝑥𝐵 − 𝑥𝐴 = (𝑣𝐴 )𝑥 𝑡 → ∴ 60 − 0 = (𝑣𝐴 cos 20) × 𝑡
    60
    𝑡= → (𝟏)
    𝑣𝐴 cos 20
    Y-directions → 𝑦𝐵 − 𝑦𝐴 = (𝑣𝐴 )𝑦 𝑡 − 0.5g𝑡 2
    ∴ −30 − 0 = (− 𝑣𝐴 sin 20) × 𝑡 − 0.5 × 32.2 × (𝑡)2 → (𝟐)
    ∴ 𝒗𝑨 = 𝟖𝟗. 𝟕 𝒇𝒕/𝒔

    1.16 It is observed that the skier leaves the ramp A at an angle 𝜽𝑨 = 𝟐𝟓° with the
    horizontal. If he strikes the ground at y
    B, determine his initial speed 𝒗𝑨 and
    x
    the time of flight 𝒕𝑨𝑩 .
    Solution
    A ( 0, 0 ) B ( 80, - 64 )
    (𝑣𝐴 )𝑥 = 𝑣𝐴 cos 25 , (𝑣𝐴 )𝑦
    = 𝑣𝐴 sin 25
    X-directions → 𝑥𝐵 − 𝑥𝐴 = (𝑣𝐴 )𝑥 𝑡
    ∴ 80 − 0 = (𝑣𝐴 cos 25) 𝑡
    80
    𝑡= → (𝟏)
    𝑣𝐴 cos 25
    Y-directions → 𝑦𝐵 − 𝑦𝐴 = (𝑣𝐴 )𝑦 𝑡 − 0.5(9.8)𝑡 2
    ∴ −64 − 0 = (𝑣𝐴 sin 25) 𝑡 − 0.5 × 9.8𝑡 2 → (𝟐)
    ∴ 𝒕𝑨𝑩 = 𝟒. 𝟓𝟒 𝒔𝒆𝒄 , ∴ 𝒗𝑨 = 𝟏𝟗. 𝟒 𝒎/𝒔𝒆𝒄
    4

    1.17 The stones are thrown off the conveyor with a horizontal velocity of 10 ft/s as
    shown. Determine the distance d down the
    slope to where the stones hit the ground at B
    and the speed at which the stones hit the
    ground at B.
    Solution
    𝑑 10𝑑
    A ( 0, 100 + ) B( ,0)
    √101 √101

    (𝑣𝐴 )𝑥 = 10 , (𝑣𝐴 )𝑦 = 0
    X-directions → 𝑥𝐵 − 𝑥𝐴 = (𝑣𝐴 )𝑥 𝑡 → y

    10𝑑
    ∴ − 0 = (10) × 𝑡
    √101 x

    𝑑
    𝑡= → (𝟏)
    √101

    Y-directions → 𝑦𝐵 − 𝑦𝐴 = (𝑣𝐴 )𝑦 𝑡 − 0.5g𝑡 2

    𝑑
    ∴ 0 − (100 + ) = (0) × 𝑡 − 0.5 × 32.2 × (𝑡)2 → (𝟐)
    √101

    ∴ 𝒅 = 𝟐𝟓. 𝟒 𝒇𝒕 , ∴ 𝒕𝑨𝑩 = 𝟐. 𝟓𝟐 𝒔𝒆𝒄

    X-directions → (𝑣𝐵 )𝑥 = (𝑣𝐴 )𝑥 → ∴ (𝑣𝐵 )𝑥 = 𝟏𝟎 𝒇𝒕/𝒔

    Y-directions → (𝑣𝐵 )𝑦 = (𝑣𝐴 )𝑦 − g𝑡

    ∴ (𝑣𝐵 )𝑦 = (0) − 32.2 × 2.52 = − 𝟖𝟏. 𝟏 𝒇𝒕/𝒔

    ∴ 𝒗𝑩 = √𝟏𝟎𝟐 + 𝟖𝟏. 𝟏𝟐 = 𝟖𝟏. 𝟕𝟔 𝒇𝒕/𝒔


    5

    1.18 The ball is thrown from the tower with a


    velocity of 20 ft/s as shown. Determine the x and
    y coordinates to where the ball strikes the slope.
    Also, determine the speed at which the ball hits
    the ground.
    Solution
    A ( 0, 80 ) B (20 + 2𝑑 , 𝑑 )
    (𝑣𝐴 )𝑥 = 12𝐟𝐭/𝐬 , (𝑣𝐴 )𝑦 = 16𝐟𝐭/𝐬
    X-directions → 𝑥𝐵 − 𝑥𝐴 = (𝑣𝐴 )𝑥 𝑡 →

    ∴ (20 + 2𝑑) − 0 = (12) × 𝑡

    20 + 2𝑑 10 + 𝑑
    𝑡= = → (𝟏)
    12 6

    Y-directions → 𝑦𝐵 − 𝑦𝐴 = (𝑣𝐴 )𝑦 𝑡 − 0.5g𝑡 2

    ∴ 𝑑 − (80) = (16) × 𝑡 − 0.5 × 32.2 × (𝑡)2 → (𝟐)

    ∴ 𝑑 = 6.17 𝑓𝑡 , ∴ 𝒕𝑨𝑩 = 𝟐. 𝟔𝟗𝟓 𝒔𝒆𝒄 → ∴ 𝑩 (𝟑𝟐. 𝟑𝟒, 𝟔. 𝟏𝟕)

    X-directions → (𝑣𝐵 )𝑥 = (𝑣𝐴 )𝑥 → ∴ (𝑣𝐵 )𝑥 = 𝟏𝟐 𝒇𝒕/𝒔

    Y-directions → (𝑣𝐵 )𝑦 = (𝑣𝐴 )𝑦 − g𝑡

    ∴ (𝑣𝐵 )𝑦 = (16) − 32.2 × 2.695 = −𝟕𝟎. 𝟕𝟕𝟗 𝒇𝒕/𝒔

    ∴ 𝒗𝑩 = √𝟏𝟐𝟐 + 𝟕𝟎. 𝟕𝟕𝟗𝟐 = 𝟕𝟏. 𝟖 𝒇𝒕/𝒔


    6

    1.19 Water is discharged from the hose with a


    speed of 40 ft/s. Determine the two possible
    angles 𝜃 the fireman can hold the hose so that y
    the water strikes the building at B. Take s = 20
    ft.
    Solution X
    X
    A ( 0, 0 ) B ( 20, 4 )

    (𝑣𝐴 )𝑥 = 40 cos 𝜃 , (𝑣𝐴 )𝑦 = 40 sin 𝜃

    X-directions → 𝑥𝐵 − 𝑥𝐴 = (𝑣𝐴 )𝑥 𝑡 → ∴ 20 − 0 = (40 cos 𝜃) 𝑡

    20 1
    𝑡= = → (𝟏)
    40 cos 𝜃 2 cos 𝜃
    Y-directions → 𝑦𝐵 − 𝑦𝐴 = (𝑣𝐴 )𝑦 𝑡 − 0.5𝑔𝑡 2

    ∴ 4 − 0 = (40 sin 𝜃) 𝑡 − 0.5 × 32.2 𝑡 2 → (𝟐)

    2
    1
    𝐹𝑟𝑜𝑚 (1), (2) 4 = 20 tan 𝜃 − 16.1 ( )
    2 cos 𝜃

    ∴ 𝜽𝟏 = 𝟐𝟑. 𝟕𝟔°

    ∴ 𝜽𝟐 = 𝟕𝟕. 𝟓°

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