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    Lecture 5

    Uploaded by

    BADR ESLAM

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Lecture 5

    Uploaded by

    BADR ESLAM
    5 views18 pages

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    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    5 views18 pages

    Lecture 5

    Uploaded by

    BADR ESLAM

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 18

    Assoc. Prof.

    Mohamed Moawad Abdelsalam


    Head of Computers Engineering and Control Systems dep., Faculty of Engineering,
    Mansoura University

    E-mail: mohmoawad@mans.edu.eg

    Lecture 5
    2. Looping statement
    Loops in programming are used to repeat a block of code until the specified
    condition is met. A loop statement allows programmers to execute a statement or
    group of statements multiple times without repetition of code.

    2
    1. “for-loop” statement
    “for loop” is a repetition control structure that allows programmers to write a loop
    that will be executed a specific number of times.

    3
    Syntax:

    for (initialize expression; test expression; update expression)


    {
    //
    // body of for loop
    //
    }

    4
    Example 1:
    Write a program to print the even numbers from 1 to 100.

    // Program to display the number type


    #include <stdio.h>
    void main()
    {
    int i;
    for (i=1;i<=100;++i)
    {
    if(i%2==0)
    {
    printf(“%d”, i);
    }
    }
    }
    5
    a. Nested “for - loop ” statement
    The if-else statement executes two different codes depending upon whether the test
    expression is true or false. Sometimes, a choice has to be made from more than 2

    6
    Syntax:

    for (i =xx ; i <=yy ; i++)


    {
    for (j = zz; j <= pp; j++)
    {
    // code
    }
    // code
    }

    7
    Example 2:
    Write a program to print the following figure:
    *
    **
    ***
    ****
    *****
    ******
    *******

    8
    #include <stdio.h>
    void main()
    {
    int i,j;
    for(i=1;i<=7;++i)
    {
    for(j=1,j<=i;++j)
    {
    printf(“*”);
    }
    printf(“\n”);
    }
    }

    9
    c. Infinite “for - loop ” statement
    • Instead of giving true boolean value for the condition in for loop, you can also give
    a condition that always evaluates to true. For example, the condition 1 is always
    true.
    • No matter how many times the loop runs, the condition is always true and the for
    loop will run forever.

    #include <stdio.h>
    void main()
    {
    for( ; ; )
    {
    }
    }

    10
    2. “while-loop” statement
    • Loops can execute a block of code as long as a
    specified condition is reached.
    • Loops are handy because they save time,
    reduce errors, and they make code more
    readable.

    11
    Syntax:

    while (condition)
    {
    Example Output
    // body of the loop #include <stdio.h> 1
    } void main() 2
    { 3
    int i=1; 4
    while(i<=10) 5
    { 6
    printf(“%d\n“,i); 7
    i++; 8
    } 9
    } 10

    12
    Example3
    Write a C program that calculates the factorial ‫ مضروب‬using a while loop.

    • Factorial is a non-negative integer, denoted as n!, which is the product of


    all positive integers less than or equal to n. Factorial can be computed
    using the formula:

    n!=n∗(n−1)∗(n−2)∗...∗1

    13
    #include <stdio.h>
    void main()
    {
    int num, fact = 1;
    printf("Enter a non-negative integer: ");
    scanf("%d", &num);
    while (num > 0)
    {
    fact *= num;
    num--;
    }
    printf("The factorial is : %d\n",fact);
    }
    14
    a. Nested “while - loop ” statement
    Writing while loop inside another
    while loop is called nested while
    loop, or you can say defining one
    while loop inside another while loop
    is called nested while loop

    15
    Syntax #include <stdio.h>
    void main()
    {
    // Outer while loop
    while (condition1)
    {
    // Code to be executed as long as condition1 is true
    // Inner while loop
    while (condition2)
    {
    // Code to be executed as long as condition2 is true
    }
    // Rest of the code within the outer while loop
    }
    }
    16
    Example 4

    Write a C program to print the multiplication table from 1 to 5 as:


    1x1=1
    1x2=2
    .
    .
    5x10=50

    17
    #include <stdio.h>
    void main()
    {
    int i = 1, j=1;
    while (i <= 5)
    {
    while (j <= 10)
    {
    printf("%d * %d = %d\n", i, j, i * j);
    j++;
    }
    i++;
    }
    }

    18

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