MATH Reviewer

MATH Reviewer
REMEMBER:
STANDARD FORM
- ax²+bx+c
- a≠0
FOIL METHOD
- first, outer, inner, last
- used to turn binomials into standard form
QUADRATIC FORMULA
x = -b √(b)² - 4ac
2a
DISCRIMINANT
d = (b)² - 4ac
SPECIAL PRODUCT
(a+b) = ax^2 + 2ab + b^2
(a-b) = ax^2 - 2ab - b^2
GENERAL FORM
f(x) ax² + bx +c / y = ax² + bx + c
VERTEX FORM
y = a (x - h)² + k
VERTEX FORMULA
h = - b/2a
k= f (-b/2a)
DOMAIN
{x | x € R}
RANGE
{y l y ≥/≤}
Y - INTERCEPT
y=c
X - INTERCEPT
could be found using completing the square or quadratic formula
EXTRACTING THE ROOTS
get the square root of both sides
Ex. (2x-3)² = 13
= √(2x-3)² = √13
(if the number is not a perfect square then find a factor that has a perfect square)
= √(2x-3)² = ± √9•2
= 2x-3 = ± √9√2
(since 9 is a perfect square we can take it out)

= 2x-3 = ± 3√2
solve for 1st and second value
(transfer - 3 to the left side)

2x= 3 ± 3√2
(divide it by the number on the left side)

2x= 3 ± 3√2
2
(cancel like terms)

x = 3 ± 3√2
2
final answer:
x = 3 ± 3√2
2
COMMON MONOMIAL FACTORING
find the GCF and divide

Ex. 4x²+8x-14
= 2 (2x² + 4x - 7)
SOLVING QUADRATIC EQUATIONS BY FACTORING

rewrite the Q.E in standard form
use a factoring method applicable to the problem (cmf, ac factoring)

Ex. 10x² - 15x =0
= 5x (2x - 3) =0
use zero product property & set each factor to zero

Ex. 5x (2x-3) =0
5x = 0 2x - 3 = 0
5 5 2 2
x=0 x = 3/2
AC FACTORING
get the factors of a & c that, if added together result to the middle term
x² - 5x + 6 = 0
/\ / \
xx -3 -2
turn it into a binomial
(x-2)(x-3)
use zero product property

(when a number is negative, it becomes positive, vice versa)
x-2=0 | x-3=0
x=2 x=3
COMPLETING THE SQUARE
x² + 12x - 6 = 0
put the constant term to the other side
ex. x² + 12x - 6 = 0
= x² + 12x +___ = 6 + ____
to find new constant term use (b/2)²
ex. (b/2)² = (12/2)² = 36

= x² + 12x + 36 = 6 + 36
find the square root of a & c, and copy the symbol of the middle term
ex. x² + 12x + 36 = 6 +36

= (x+6)² = 42
get the square root of both side

(cancel the square root and the exponent, so ur left with x+6)
ex. √(x+6)² = ± √42

= x+6 = ±√42
isolate the variable x (remove positive 6 and transpose it to the other side)
= x = ±√42 - 6
get the 1st and 2nd value
x1 = √42 - 6
x2 = - √42 - 6
final answer: x = ± √42 - 6
SOLVING EQUATIONS TRANSFORMABLE TO QUADRATIC EQUATIONS (INCLUDING

RATIONAL ALGEBRAIC EQUATIONS)
5(3x-2) + 2(3x-2)^2 + 2 = 0
Arrange into standard form
2(3x-2)^2 + 5(3x-2) + = 0
Distribute
Ex. 2(3x-2)² + 5(3x-2) + 2 = 0

= 2(9x² - 12x + 4) + 15x - 10 + 2 = 0
Distribute, again.
Ex. 2(9x² - 12x + 4) + 15x - 10 + 2 = 0
=18x - 24x + 8 + 15x - 10 + 2 = 0
Combine like terms

18x - 24x + 8 + 15x - 10 + 2 = 0
= 18x - 9x = 0
CMF
9x (2x - 1) = 0
Apply zero product property
9x = 0 2x - 1 = 0
x=0 2x = 1
2 2
x=½
EQUATIONS TRANSFORMABLE INTO QUADRATIC EQUATIONS
Review: Finding the LCD

*if denominators are not divisible by each other, multiply.
1. x/2 + 1/x = x/6

LCD : 6x
2. x/3 + 1/x = 6/7

LCD : 21x
x/3 + 1/x = 6/7
Multiply
21x [ x + 1 = 6] 21x
3 x 7
*cancel 7 & 21 bcs they are divisible by each other, change 21 into 3
21x² + 21x = 18x

3 x
= 7x² + 21 = 18x
turn into standard form
7x² + 21 = 18x
= 7x² + 18x + 21 = 0
final answer: 7x² + 18x + 21
QUADRATIC INEQUALITIES
Inequality Symbols
- equals (=)
- greater than (>)
- less than (<)
- greater than or equal to (≥)
- less than or equal to (≤)
—
(a) 3x² - x ≥ 10
turn into standard form
= 3x² - x + 10 ≥ 0
(3x+1)(x-6) < 6
use foil method to turn into standard form
3x² - 18x
+ x-6
3x² - 17x - 6 < 6
transpose 6 to the left side
3x² - 17x - 6 - 6 < 0

= 3x² - 17x - 12 < 0
QUADRATIC FUNCTION
graph of the quadratic function is called a parabola
*if a > 0, the parabola opens upwards

*if a < 0, the parabola opens downwards
*x = domain
*y = range
STEPS IN TRANSFORMING GENERAL FORM TO VERTEX FORM
y = x² - 6x - 11
a = 1 b = - 6 c = - 11
group the terms containing x
y = (x² - 6) - 11
factor out a
y = 1 (x² - 6x) - 11
complete the parenthesis to make it a perfect square trinomial by adding (b/2)² and subtracting
a (b/2)² to the constant term
y = 1 (x² - 6+ 9) - 11 - 9
= (b/2)² = (-6/2)² = (-3)² = 9
a (b/2) = (1)(9) = 9
express the perfect square trinomial as a square of a binomial
y = (x²- 6x + 9) - 20
= y = (x - 3)² - 20
*a = 1 h = 3 k = 20
final answer: y = (x - 3)² - 20
GRAPH OF A QUADRATIC FUNCTION
*axis of symmetry, always passes through the vertex

1. y = x² - 4x + 3
find vertex and line of symmetry

*use (b/2)² & a(b/2)²
y = x² - 4x +3
*y = (x² + 4x +4) + 3 - 4
y = (x - 2)² - 1
vertex: (h,k) = (2,-1)

AoS: x = 2
construct a table of values
X Y
0 3
1 0
2 -1
3 0
4 3
when x = 0
y = x² - 4x + 3
y = (0)² - 4(0) + 3
y=3
when x = 1
y = x² - 4x + 3
y = (1)² - 4(1) + 3
y = 1 - 4 +3
y=0
plot the points and connect them by a smooth curve
A. (0,3)
B. (1,0)
C. (2,-1)
D. (3,0)
E. (4,3)
EQUATION OF QUADRATIC FUNCTION GIVEN GRAPHS

(x+1)(x-2)=0
use foil method
x² - 2x
+ x- 2
x² - x - 2 = 0
y = x² - x - 2
ex. w/ fractions

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MATH Reviewer

get the square root of both sides

(since 9 is a perfect square we can take it out)

solve for 1st and second value

(transfer - 3 to the left side)

(divide it by the number on the left side)

(cancel like terms)

COMMON MONOMIAL FACTORING

find the GCF and divide

SOLVING QUADRATIC EQUATIONS BY FACTORING

use a factoring method applicable to the problem (cmf, ac factoring)

use zero product property & set each factor to zero

turn it into a binomial

use zero product property

COMPLETING THE SQUARE

put the constant term to the other side

ex. (b/2)² = (12/2)² = 36

ex. x² + 12x + 36 = 6 +36

get the square root of both side

ex. √(x+6)² = ± √42

get the 1st and 2nd value

final answer: x = ± √42 - 6

SOLVING EQUATIONS TRANSFORMABLE TO QUADRATIC EQUATIONS (INCLUDING

Arrange into standard form

Ex. 2(3x-2)² + 5(3x-2) + 2 = 0

Combine like terms

Apply zero product property

EQUATIONS TRANSFORMABLE INTO QUADRATIC EQUATIONS

Review: Finding the LCD

1. x/2 + 1/x = x/6

2. x/3 + 1/x = 6/7

x/3 + 1/x = 6/7

21x² + 21x = 18x

final answer: 7x² + 18x + 21

turn into standard form

use foil method to turn into standard form

transpose 6 to the left side

3x² - 17x - 6 - 6 < 0

graph of the quadratic function is called a parabola

*if a > 0, the parabola opens upwards

STEPS IN TRANSFORMING GENERAL FORM TO VERTEX FORM

group the terms containing x

express the perfect square trinomial as a square of a binomial

final answer: y = (x - 3)² - 20

GRAPH OF A QUADRATIC FUNCTION

*axis of symmetry, always passes through the vertex

find vertex and line of symmetry

vertex: (h,k) = (2,-1)

construct a table of values

plot the points and connect them by a smooth curve

EQUATION OF QUADRATIC FUNCTION GIVEN GRAPHS

use foil method

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