CALCULATIONS FOR CRACK WIDTH FOR BENDING:

DATA
2
Grade of concrete = M25 Fck = 25 N/mm
2
Grade of steel = Fe500 fy = 500 N/mm
(Max. moment
Bending moment [M] = 16.7 KN-m/m of long wall)
2
Area of tension reinforcement [Ast] = 456.96 mm /m
Overall depth of member [h] = 200 mm
Clear cover [Cmin] = 45 mm
Diameter of the bar [F] 8 mm
Effective depth [d] = 151 mm
Width of section [bt] = 1000 mm
2
modulus of elasticity of the reinforcement [Es] = 200000 N/mm
Spacing of the bars [S] = 110 mm
modular ratio [m] = 10.78
To find Neutral Axis:
bt * X2/2 = m*Ast(d-X)
2
500 X + 4926.017281 X - 743828.6094
X= 33.957 mm
To find Fst:

Fst = M / Ast * ( d- X / 3 )
2
Fst = 261.639 N/mm
To find crack width :
(Refer BS 8007 APPENDIX & IS 456:2000 Annexure F)

( h - X )/( d - X ) = ( e1/(Fst / Es))

e1 = ( Fst * ( h-X) )/( Es * ( d - X )

e1 = 0.001855872

e2 = Strain due to stiffening effect of concrete between cracks

e2 = bt ( h - X ) ( a' - X ) / 3 Es Ast ( d - X ) considering 0.1 mm crack width (cl B 4.3 BS 8007)
a' = Distance from the compressive face to the point at which the crack width is being calculated
a' = 200 mm
e2 = 0.000859145
Em = Average strain at the level where cracking is being considered
Em = e1 - e2 = 0.000996727
Hence Em: 0.000996727
Acr = Distance from point considered to the surface of nearest longitudinal bar
2 2 2
Aa = ( 0.5 S ) + ( C + 0.5F ) = 5426
Aa = 73.66138744
Acr = Aa - 0.5f = 69.66138744
To find crack width :
Crack width = W = 3 Acr Em / [1+2{(Acr - Cmin)/(h-X)}]

W= 0.160595 < 0.2 mm

---hence safe----

5
 1
3.30 Lvl. 0.2
3.00 Lvl.
0.00 Lvl.

3
Earth Side Water Side
3.3 0

0.00 Lvl.
0.25

0.3 0.2 0.75

1.25

Cracked Uncracked
Section Secton
Concrete grade = M25
Steel grade = Fe 500
275 130 N / mm2
1.8 N / mm2
8.5 N / mm2
m= 10.78
k= 0.250 0.414
j= 1-(k/3) = 0.917 0.862
Q=( cbc/2) x j x k = 0.974 0.321 N / mm2

Density of Concrete = 25 kN/m3

Density of Soil = 18 kN/m3
Density of Water = 10 kN/m3
SBC of Soil = 82 kN/m2
gross SBC of Soil = 136.0 kN/m2
B.M Due to Water pressure = 0 kN.m
B.M Due to Earth pressure = 16.7 kN.m
 WALL 0.200 x 3.300 x 25 16.500 0.85 14.025
T BASE 0.30 x 0.25 x 25 1.875 1.10 2.063
H BASE 0.75 x 0.25 x 25 4.688 0.38 1.758
W BASE 0.200 x 0.25 x 25 1.250 0.85 1.063
SOIL 0.30 x 3.00 x 18 16.200 1.10 17.820
Top slab 13.50 x 2.00 / 2 (with LL) 13.500 0.85 11.475
Load from
Super stru. 0.00 x 0.00 x 25 0.000 0.00 0.000

V = 54.01 48.200
kN kN-m
Total Vertical Force = 54.01 kN
Total Stabilizing moment = 48.200 kN.m
BM due to Earth pressure = 16.7 kN.m
Net B.M = 48.2 - 16.7
= 31.5 kN.m
Distance of Cg of Vert Force = = 31.5 = 0.583 m From Face of Toe
V 54.01
Fos against over turning = 48.2 = 2.89 > 2 , So Safe
16.70
Eccentricity = e = (B/2 - cg) = 1.25 - 0.583 = 0.042 m
2
1.25
B/6= = 0.208 m
6
e < B/6, So ok

Pmax = V ( 1 + 6e/B )
B
54.01 54.01 x 6.00 x 0.042
Pmax = +
1.25 1.25 x 1.25
= 43.21 + 8.71
= 51.92 < SBC So, Ok
Pmin = V ( 1 - 6e/B )
B
54.01 54.01 x 6.00 x 0.042
Pmin = -
1.25 1.25 x 1.25
= 43.21 - 8.71
= 34.5 > 0 So, Ok

0.3 0.2 0.75

A B
c d

34.5
44.95 48.29
47.74
51.92
 1
3.30 Lvl. 0.2
3.00 Lvl.
0.00 Lvl.

3
Earth Side Water Side
3.3 0

0.00 Lvl.
0.25

0.3 0.2 0.75

1.25

Cracked Uncracked
Section Secton
Concrete grade = M25
Steel grade = Fe 500
275 130 N / mm2
1.8 N / mm2
8.5 N / mm2
m= 10.78
k= 0.250 0.414
j= 1-(k/3) = 0.917 0.862
Q=( cbc/2) x j x k = 0.974 0.321 N / mm2

Density of Concrete = 25 kN/m3

Density of Soil = 18 kN/m3
Density of Water = 10 kN/m3
SBC of Soil = 82 kN/m2
gross SBC of Soil = 136.0 kN/m2
B.M Due to Water pressure = 0 kN.m
B.M Due to Earth pressure = 11.97 kN.m (Maxi. moment without L.L.)
 WALL 0.200 x 3.300 x 25 16.500 0.85 14.025
T BASE 0.30 x 0.25 x 25 1.875 1.10 2.063
H BASE 0.75 x 0.25 x 25 4.688 0.38 1.758
W BASE 0.200 x 0.25 x 25 1.250 0.85 1.063
SOIL 0.30 x 3.00 x 18 16.200 1.10 17.820
Top slab 0.00 x 3.00 / 2 (without LL) 0.000 0.85 0.000
Load from
Super stru. 0.00 x 0.00 x 25 0.000 0.00 0.000

V = 40.51 36.730
kN kN-m
Total Vertical Force = 40.51 kN
Total Stabilizing moment = 36.730 kN.m
BM due to Earth pressure = 11.97 kN.m
Net B.M = 36.73 - 11.97
= 24.76 kN.m
Distance of Cg of Vert Force = = 24.76 = 0.611 m From Face of Toe
V 40.51
Fos against over turning = 36.73 = 3.07 > 2 , So Safe
11.97
Eccentricity = e = (B/2 - cg) = 1.25 - 0.611 = 0.014 m
2
1.25
B/6= = 0.2083 m
6
e < B/6, So ok

Pmax = V ( 1 + 6e/B )
B
40.51 40.51 x 6.00 x 0.014
Pmax = +
1.25 1.25 x 1.25
= 32.41 + 2.18
= 34.59 < SBC So, Ok
Pmin = V ( 1 - 6e/B )
B
40.51 40.51 x 6.00 x 0.014
Pmin = -
1.25 1.25 x 1.25
= 32.41 - 2.18
= 30.23 > 0 So, Ok

0.3 0.2 0.75

A B
c d

30.23
32.85
33.54
34.59

Magnitude Distance Moment

Load Pressure diagram of load from c @c
kN m kN-m
1) Self Wt of Toe Slab (Downward) 0.30
0.300 x 0.250 x 25 1.88 0.15 0.28
0.25
2) Earth above Toe Slab(Downward) c
0.300 x 3.000 x 18 0.30 16.2 0.15 2.43

3) Soil Pressure (Upward ) c

33.54 x 0.30 33.54 10.06 0.15 1.51
1.05 x 0.30 x 0.5 34.59 0.16 0.2 0.032
 Total Upward Moment = 1.542 kN.m
Total Downward Moment = 2.71 kN.m
Net B.M at Toe = 1.17 kN.m Downward
Tension will develop at Top of Toe slab

Depth Req = SQRT(1170 / 0.974 )

= 34.66 mm
Provided Depth = 250.00 mm Ok
Cover Proveded = 50 mm
Effective Depth Provided = 250 - 50 - 4
= 196.00 mm

Ast Req = M / ( st *j * d )
= 1.17 x 1000000
275 x 0.917 x 196
= 23.67 mm2

Ast mim = 0.175 x 250.0 x 1000 / 100

= 437.5 mm2
= 218.75 mm2 on each face

Ast Provided = 8 Tor @ 140 C/C + 0 Tor @ 140 C/C

= 359.04 mm2 ok
Ast Provided at Top of slab
Pt Provided = 0.288 %

Ast Provided = 8 Tor @ 140 C/C + 0 Tor @ 140 C/C

= 359.04 mm2 ok
Ast Provided at Bottom of slab
Pt Provided = 0.288 %

Ast Provided = 8 Tor @ 140 C/C + 0 Tor @ 140 C/C

= 359.04 mm2 ok
As Distribution Steel at Top & Bottom

From edge of toe slab: i.e At distance of = 0.3 - 0.196 = 0.104 m

Magnitude
Load Pressure diagram of load
kN

1) Self Wt of Toe Slab (Downward) 0.104

0.104 x 0.250 x 25 0.65
0.25
2) Earth above Toe Slab(Downward) c
0.104 x 3.000 x 18 0.104 5.62

3) Soil Pressure (Upward ) c

34.23 x 0.104 34.23 3.56
0.36 x 0.104 x 0.5 34.59 0.02

Total Upward Shear = 3.58 kN

Total Downward Shear = 6.27 kN
Net Shear at Toe = 2.69 kN

2690
v = S.F./bde =
1000 x 196
= 0.0137 n/mm2
pt Provided = 0.144 %
c = 0.19 n/mm2 ok
 Magnitude Distance Moment
Load Pressure diagram of load from c @c
kN m kN-m

1) Self Wt of Heel Slab (Downward) 0.75

0.750 x 0.250 x 25 4.69 0.375 1.76
0.25
2) Water above HeelSlab(Downward) c
0.750 x 0.000 x 0 0.75 0 0.375 0

3) Soil Pressure (Upward ) c

30.23 x 0.75 30.23 22.67 0.375 8.5
2.62 x 0.75 x 0.5 32.85 0.98 0.25 0.245

Total Upward Moment = 8.745 kN.m

Total Downward Moment = 1.76 kN.m
Net B.M at Heel = 6.985 kN.m Upward
Tension will develop at Bottom of heel slab

Depth Req = SQRT(6985 / 0.974 )

= 84.68 mm
Provided Depth = 250.00 mm Ok
Cover Proveded = 50 mm
Effective Depth Provided = 250 - 50 - 4
= 196.00 mm

Ast Req = M / ( st *j * d )
= 6.985 x 1000000
275 x 0.917 x 196
= 141.32 mm2

Ast mim = 0.175 x 250.0 x 1000 / 100

= 437.5 mm2
= 218.75 mm2 on each face

Ast Provided = 8 Tor @ 140 C/C + 0 Tor @ 140 C/C

= 359.04 mm2 ok
Ast Provided at Bottom of slab
Pt Provided = 0.288 %

Ast Provided = 8 Tor @ 140 C/C + 0 Tor @ 140 C/C

= 359.04 mm2 ok
Ast Provided at Top of slab
Pt Provided = 0.288 %

Ast Provided = 8 Tor @ 140 C/C + 0 Tor @ 140 C/C

= 359.04 mm2 ok
As Distribution Steel at Top & Bottom

Consider from case 1

From edge of Heel slab: i.e At distance of = 0.75 - 0.196 = 0.554 m
Magnitude
Load Pressure diagram of load
kN

1) Self Wt of Toe Slab (Downward) 0.554

0.554 x 0.250 x 25 3.46 Case 1
0.25 0.75
2) Earth above Toe Slab(Downward) c
0.554 x 0.000 x 0 0.554 0 0.196 0.554

3) Soil Pressure (Upward ) c 34.5

34.50 x 0.55 34.50 19.11 42.22
7.72 x 0.55 x 0.5 42.22 2.14 44.95

Total Upward Shear = 21.25 kN

Total Downward Shear = 3.46 kN
Net Shear at Toe = 17.79 kN
17790
tv = S.F./bde =
1000 x 196
= 0.0908 n/mm2
pt Provided = 0.144 %
c= 0.19 n/mm2 ok
Design of Precast Top Slab :
Le = 2.200 m

Load on Slab :
Assume thickness of slab = 300 mm
Self wt. = 25 x 30.00 = 750
Finish = = 100
LL = = 0
--------------
Total = 850 Kg/m2
= 0.85 T/m2
Vehicle load :
AS per IRC :6 Class A loading vehicle point load of 11.4 T is considered
Pt. load due to Vehicle = 11.40 T (5.75 T + 5.75 T)
M = 0.85 x 2.20 x 2.20 / 8.00 + 11.40 x 2.20 / 4.00
= 6.784 T-m
dreqd. = sqrt ( M * 100000 / Q / b )
= 6.784 x 10^7
0.974 x 1000
= 263.93 mm
Provide D = 300 mm
Ast = M * 10^7 / σst / j / d Clear cover = 30
σst = 275 N/mm2 j = 0.917 d = 265
Ast min. = 0.35 x 300 / 2.00 x 10 = 525 mm2

Ast = 6.784 x 10^7 = 1015.5746 mm2

275 x 0.917 x 265
Provide 16# AT 190 c/c main steel pt % = 0.339 %
12# AT 200 c/c distri. Steel
Check for deflection :
Le / deff. Permi. = 20.00 for simply supported = 20
for Continuous = 26
Pt % = 0.339 %
Fs = 0.58*fy*(Ast reqd./Ast prov.) = 278.31 N/mm2

from fig. 4, page 38 IS 456:2000

Modification factor = 1.4

Modified Le/deff. = 1.40 x 20.00 = 28.00

Le/deff. = 220
( actual) 26.5
= 8.30 < Permissible
O.K.

26