ASSIGNMENT 1 FRONT SHEET

Qualification BTEC Level 5 HND Diploma in Computing

Unit number and title Unit 13: Computing Research Project

Submission date Date Received 1st submission

Re-submission Date Date Received 2nd submission

Student Name Phung Huu Minh Khanh Student ID GDD210033

Class GCD1102 Assessor name TrucTT

Student declaration

I certify that the assignment submission is entirely my own work and I fully understand the consequences of plagiarism. I understand
that making a false declaration is a form of malpractice.

Student’s signature Km

Grading grid

P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 M1 M2 M3 D1 D2
 Summative Feedback:  Resubmission Feedback:

Grade: Assessor Signature: Date:

Internal Verifier’s Comments:

Signature & Date:

Table of Contents
P1. Produce a research proposal that clearly defines a research question or hypothesis supported by a literature
review. .......................................................................................................................................................................... 7
I. Introduction ............................................................................................................................................................... 7
1. Background ....................................................................................................................................................... 7
2. Research main aim and objectives ................................................................................................................... 8
a. Research main aim........................................................................................................................................ 8
b. Objectives ..................................................................................................................................................... 8
3. Scope and limitation ......................................................................................................................................... 8
a. Scope............................................................................................................................................................. 8
b. Limitation ...................................................................................................................................................... 9
II. Research proposal..................................................................................................................................................... 9
P2. Examine appropriate research methods and approaches to primary and secondary research. ......................... 11
I. Literature review...................................................................................................................................................... 11
II. Primary Research .................................................................................................................................................... 12
a. Definition ........................................................................................................................................................ 12
b. Most common type of primary research ........................................................................................................ 12
b.1. Observational ............................................................................................................................................... 12
b.2. Interviews .................................................................................................................................................... 12
b.3. Focus groups. ............................................................................................................................................... 12
b.4. Surveys ......................................................................................................................................................... 12
c. Advantages and disadvantages of primary research ...................................................................................... 13
c.1. Advantages of primary research .................................................................................................................. 13
c.2. Disadvantages of primary research.............................................................................................................. 13
III. Secondary Research ............................................................................................................................................... 14
a. Definition ........................................................................................................................................................ 14
b. Most common type of secondary research: ................................................................................................... 15
b.1. Data Available on The Internet .................................................................................................................... 15
b.2. Government and Non-Government Agencies ............................................................................................. 15
b.3. Public Libraries ............................................................................................................................................. 15
b.4. Educational Institutions ............................................................................................................................... 15
b.5. Commercial Information Sources ................................................................................................................ 15
 c. Advantages and disadvantages of secondary research .................................................................................. 16
c.1. Advantages of Secondary Research ............................................................................................................. 16
c.2. Disadvantages of Secondary Research......................................................................................................... 16
d. Key Differences between Primary Research and Secondary Research .......................................................... 16
IV. Qualitative research .............................................................................................................................................. 17
a. Definition ........................................................................................................................................................ 17
b. Qualitative research methods ........................................................................................................................ 17
b.1. One-on-one interview.................................................................................................................................. 17
b.2. Focus groups. ............................................................................................................................................... 18
b.3. Ethnographic research ................................................................................................................................. 18
b.4. Case study research ..................................................................................................................................... 18
b.5. Record keeping ............................................................................................................................................ 18
b.6. Process of observation................................................................................................................................. 19
V. Quantitative research ............................................................................................................................................. 19
a. Definition ........................................................................................................................................................ 19
b. Quantitative research methods ...................................................................................................................... 19
b.1. Survey Research ........................................................................................................................................... 19
b.2. Causal-Comparative Research ..................................................................................................................... 20
b.3. Experimental Research ................................................................................................................................ 20
b.4. Correlation Research ................................................................................................................................... 20
c. Advantages and Disadvantages of quantitative research .............................................................................. 20
c.1. Advantages of quantitative research ........................................................................................................... 20
c.2. Disadvantages of quantitative research....................................................................................................... 20
VI. Scientific Method................................................................................................................................................... 21
a. Definition ........................................................................................................................................................ 21
b. Step of the scientific method:......................................................................................................................... 21
VII. Research process .................................................................................................................................................. 22
a. Definition ........................................................................................................................................................ 22
b. Step of the Research Process .......................................................................................................................... 22
VIII. Population in research ......................................................................................................................................... 25
a. Definition ........................................................................................................................................................ 25
b. Relationship of Sample and Population in Research ...................................................................................... 25
 c. Two Types of Population in Research ............................................................................................................. 25
IX. Conduct Secondary research. ................................................................................................................................ 26
1. Statistics on mental health status of children and adolescents in the period before Covid -19 .................... 26
2. Statistics on mental health status of children and adolescents in journal articles ........................................ 27
3. Hypotheses Model Development. .................................................................................................................. 27
P3. Conduct primary research using appropriate methods for a computing research project that considers costs,
access, and ethical issues............................................................................................................................................ 28
I. Research Ethics Approval Form ............................................................................................................................... 28
II. Conduct Primary research. ..................................................................................................................................... 30
a. Research methods .......................................................................................................................................... 30
b. Collecting data ................................................................................................................................................ 30
c. Survey form..................................................................................................................................................... 30
P4. Apply appropriate analytical tools, analyze research findings and data. ............................................................. 32
I. Analyze data in survey form. ................................................................................................................................... 32
II. Recommendation.................................................................................................................................................... 36
P5. Communicate research outcomes in an appropriate manner for the intended audience. ................................. 36
I. Evaluate hypotheses in the literature with appropriate justification. .................................................................... 36
II. Recommendation for improving the system or future research. ........................................................................... 36
References .................................................................................................................................................................. 37
List of Figures
Figure 1: Methods of Primary Research. .................................................................................................................... 14
Figure 2: Methods of Secondary Research. ................................................................................................................ 14
Figure 3: Qualitative Research methods..................................................................................................................... 19
Figure 4: Step of the scientific method. ...................................................................................................................... 22
Figure 5: Effects of the pandemic on teen mental health. ........................................................................................ 26
Figure 6: Survey form.................................................................................................................................................. 32
Figure 7: Question What is your gender? ................................................................................................................... 32
Figure 8: Question What age are you in? ................................................................................................................... 33
Figure 9: Question about diagnosed with Covid-19. .................................................................................................. 33
Figure 10: Questions about symptoms in adolescence. ............................................................................................. 34
Figure 11: Question about mental health services. .................................................................................................... 34
Figure 12: Question about impact on the mental health of adolescents. .................................................................. 35
Figure 13: Question about contact with an adolescent with mental health problems. ............................................. 35

List of Tables
Table 1: Research Proposal Form ............................................................................................................................... 10
Table 2: Secondary Research methods. ...................................................................................................................... 16
Table 3: Primary Research and Secondary Research. ................................................................................................. 17
Table 4: Research Ethics Approval Form. ................................................................................................................... 30
P1. Produce a research proposal that clearly defines a research question or hypothesis supported by a
literature review.
I. Introduction

In December 2019, an outbreak of pneumonia of unknown origin was reported in Wuhan, China.
Inoculation of respiratory samples into human airway epithelial cells led to the isolation of a new
respiratory virus that genomic analysis revealed to be a related novel coronavirus to SARS-Covid, and thus
named severe acute respiratory syndrome virus. The global spread of SARS-CoV-2 and thousands of deaths
caused by coronavirus disease (Covid-19) prompted the World Health Organization to declare a pandemic
on March 12, 2020. During the pandemic, quarantines and blockades in the area were organized, leading
to increased mental health problems from children to adults due to the long quarantine, blockade, and
time periods led to that problem (World Health Organization, 2023).

According to Kaushal Shah and Shivraj Mann (2020), the abandonment of physical classrooms has
significantly disrupted the lives of students and their families and poses potential risks to children's mental
health. A sudden change in the learning environment as well as a reduction in social interactions and
activities lead to abnormalities in the child's brain development. It is necessary and appropriate for the
scientific community and medical professionals to assess and analyze the psychological impact of the
coronavirus pandemic on children and adolescents due to a range of mental disorders. God begins in
childhood. The results of this review aim to identify mental health risk factors and propose possible
solutions to avoid the negative consequences of this crisis on the psychology of future generations of
young people. We rely on big data collected from sources in health management applications.

1. Background

Since the first case of coronavirus infection was reported in Wuhan, China in 2019, the epidemic
now known as COVID-19 has spread across the world. The World Health Organization (WHO) has
recognized the coronavirus outbreak as a pandemic and declared the outbreak a public health
emergency of international concern. As of October 10, 2023, there have been at least 771,151,224
confirmed cases of coronavirus, resulting in 6,960,783 confirmed deaths worldwide. (World Health
Organization, 2023). The spread of the virus has caused global economic and social disruption and
brutally overwhelmed health and education systems. Several factors affect children's mental
health as this unprecedented situation has changed the way they grow, learn, play, behave,
interact, and manage their emotions. This stressful situation can negatively impact children with
pre-existing mental health conditions such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD),
anxiety, depression, mood disorders and behavioral disorders ( Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention Organization, 2023). Mental disorders are the most common cause of disability among
adolescents and children worldwide. Around 15% of children and young people worldwide suffer
from mental disorders or illnesses. Almost 50% of mental disorders occur in children by the age of
14. It has been found to have dramatic and detrimental effects on a child's mental development if
 left untreated. It is widely accepted that mental health is one of the essential elements of human
development and determines a child's academic performance and his or her potential for a
satisfying and productive life. Mental illness can affect children at any time during their childhood
but is most severe during adolescence. Among the many mental illnesses that can occur in
childhood, depression is one of the most common causes of mental illness in children (Shah, et al.,
2020). As the pandemic progresses, children face stressors such as separation from family and
friends and seeing or being aware of seriously ill family members. affected by the Corona virus, or
the death of a loved one, or even thinking about your own death from the epidemic. The virus can
cause them to develop anxiety, panic attacks, depression, and other mental illnesses.

2. Research main aim and objectives

a. Research main aim
• To identify the prevalence and severity of mental health problems in children and
adolescents during and after the COVID-19 pandemic.
• To understand the risk factors for developing mental health problems during the
pandemic, such as exposure to COVID-19, financial hardship, and social isolation.
• To identify the protective factors that can help to buffer children and adolescents from
the negative mental health impacts of the pandemic, such as strong family support and
positive coping skills.
• To develop and evaluate effective interventions to support the mental health of
children and adolescents during and after the pandemic.
b. Objectives
• Understand the prevalence and severity of mental health problems in children and
adolescents during and after the COVID-19 pandemic.
• Identify the risk and protective factors for developing mental health problems during
the pandemic.
• Develop and evaluate effective interventions to support the mental health of children
and adolescents during and after the pandemic.
3. Scope and limitation
a. Scope
• Analyze the reasons why children and adolescents suffer from psychological health
problems.
• Statistics on the number of children and adolescents showing signs of mental health
problems.
• Statistics on the number of children and adolescents who are interrupted by
learning and devices to be able to learn online.
 b. Limitation
• The survey is only for certain students at Greenwich University.
• Students from other schools are not allowed to participate in the survey.
II. Research proposal

Research Proposal From

Student Name: Phung Huu Minh Khanh Student ID: GDD210033
Tutor: Tran Thanh Truc Date: 11/10/2023
Unit 13: Computing Research Project
Propose title: Impact of COVID-19 on the Mental Health of Children and Adolescents.
Section One: Title, Objective, Responsibilities
The Covid-19 pandemic is having a significant impact on the lives of children and young people. In
addition to the physical health risks associated with the virus, children and young people are also
exposed to several other stressors, such as social isolation, school closures and economic hardship.
These stress factors have a negative impact on the mental health of many children and young people.
Aim: Research on risk factors for developing mental health problems among adolescents during the
Covid-19 pandemic.
Objectives:
• Understand the prevalence and severity of mental health problems in children and adolescents
during and after the COVID-19 pandemic.
• Identify the risk and protective factors for developing mental health problems during the
pandemic.
• To identify the factors that protect children and adolescents from the negative mental health
impacts of the pandemic, such as strong family support and positive coping skills.
• Develop and evaluate effective interventions to support the mental health of children and
adolescents during and after the pandemic.
Section Two: Reasons for choosing this research project, background, outcome
Reasons for choosing the project:
• Researching data on the number of children suffering from psychological problems during the
recent Covid-19 era.
• This research project can find out the causes of mental health problems in children and
adolescents and from there apply some different measures within the country.
Background:
The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on the mental health of children and adolescents.
Research has shown that children and adolescents are at an increased risk of developing mental health
problems, such as anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), because of the
pandemic. Factors that contribute to the increased risk of mental health problems in children and
adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic include social isolation, disruption to routine, fear of illness
and death, economic hardship, and exposure to trauma. It is important to note that not all children and
adolescents will be affected by the COVID-19 pandemic in the same way. Some children and adolescents
are more resilient than others and may be able to cope with the stress of the pandemic without
developing mental health problems. However, it is important to be aware of the signs and symptoms of
mental health problems in children and adolescents, so that you can seek help early if needed.
Outcome:
• The prevalence of depression and anxiety in children and adolescents has doubled since the start
of the pandemic.
• Children and adolescents from disadvantaged backgrounds are at an increased risk of developing
mental health problems because of the pandemic.
• Boys are more likely than girls to experience mental health problems because of the pandemic.
Section Three: Literature sources searched
1. Holmes, E. A., O'Connor, R. C., Perry, V. H., Tracey, I., Wessely, S., Arseneault, L., ... & Chilcot, J.
(2020). Multisystem prevention science approaches the mental health of children and
adolescents in the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond. Nature Human Behavior, 4(11), 1299-1306.
2. Lee, J. W., Jung, Y. J., Hong, S. E., Lee, J. A., Yoo, E. J., Han, G. H., ... & Kim, D. S. (2020). Mental
health effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on children and adolescents. Journal of the Korean
Medical Association, 63(12), 722-729.
3. World Health Organization. (2020). Mental health and COVID-19: Rapid advice guide. World
Health Organization.
4. Shevlin, M., Murphy, J., McBride, O., Pentland, J., Robinson, D., Rutterford, C., & Reavley, N.
(2021). The impact of COVID-19 on the mental health of children and adolescents: A systematic
review. Psychological Medicine, 51(10), 1891-1916.
Section Four: Activities and timescales
1. Collect data related to the research’s questions and objectives.
2. Complete research proposal.
3. Milestone 1 [6-10]: Get feedback from the tutor about the research proposal.
4. Produce project plan.
5. Writing literature review
6. Check project process: Research proposal, plan, and literature review.
7. Milestone 2 [11-10]: Get feedback from the tutor about the plan of primary research.
8. Milestone 3 [13-10]: Get feedback from the tutor about the result of literature review.
9. Writing assignment 1 which contains LO1, LO2
10. Milestone 4 [14-10]: Submit Assignment 1 First change.

Section Five: Research approach and methodologies

• Research process: sequential
• Research classes: quantitative and qualitative
• Research methods: case study, survey

The type of research approach and methodologies I used to in this research are: The type of research
methods and research methods I use in this study are: Quantitative and qualitative in this research
project, aimed at objectively analyzing the health problems of adolescents to adults or currently at this
stage.

Table 1: Research Proposal Form

P2. Examine appropriate research methods and approaches to primary and secondary research.
I. Literature review

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on the mental health of children and adolescents. A
growing body of research has documented an increase in the prevalence of mental health problems such
as anxiety, depression, and stress among this population.

A systematic review of 23 studies found that the prevalence of anxiety and depression among children and
adolescents increased by 28% and 23%, respectively, during the pandemic (Pierce, et al., 2020). Another
study found that the prevalence of stress disorders among children and adolescents increased by 15%
during the pandemic (Pierce, et al., 2020).

Several factors have contributed to the negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health
of children and adolescents. These include:

• Social isolation: Social isolation due to school closures, social distancing measures, and restrictions
on social gatherings has led to feelings of loneliness, sadness, and depression in children and
adolescents (Theberath, et al., 2022).
• Academic stress: Disruptions to education, such as online learning and hybrid learning, have caused
academic stress and anxiety in children and adolescents (Theberath, et al., 2022).
• Financial stress: Financial stress due to job losses and income reductions has also had a negative
impact on the mental health of children and adolescents (Theberath, et al., 2022).
• Grief and loss: Children and adolescents have experienced grief and loss due to the deaths of loved
ones from COVID-19, as well as the loss of important life events, such as graduations, proms, and
sports seasons (Theberath, et al., 2022).
• Fear and uncertainty: Children and adolescents have experienced fear and uncertainty about the
COVID-19 pandemic, which can lead to anxiety and stress (Theberath, et al., 2022).

Children and adolescents with pre-existing mental health conditions are particularly vulnerable to the
negative effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health. Additionally, children and adolescents from
marginalized groups, such as those from low-income families or those who identify as racial or ethnic
minorities, are also at increased risk for experiencing mental health problems during the pandemic.

The mental health effects of the COVID-19 pandemic are likely to be long-lasting. It is important for
parents, caregivers, and educators to be aware of the signs and symptoms of mental health problems in
children and adolescents, and to seek professional help if needed. Early intervention is essential for
preventing long-term problems.
II. Primary Research
a. Definition

Primary research refers to research that involves the collection of original data specific to a
particular research project. When conducting primary research, a researcher gathers first-hand
information rather than relying on information from databases and other publications. This type
of research is often conducted to generate new knowledge, which is why primary research is also
called original research. Researchers conduct basic research and try to answer questions that have
neither been answered nor asked before. This level of originality distinguishes primary from
secondary research (Bouchrika, 2023).

In addition, the originality of research is crucial for researchers who want to publish it in scientific
journals, of which there are currently 40,000. The main criterion for publication is the degree of
originality of the research.

b. Most common type of primary research

b.1. Observational
Observational research is an easy and popular way to answer a research question based solely on
what you as a researcher observe. When practical or ethical considerations prevent conducting a
traditional experiment, observational studies are often a good solution. There are three types of
observational studies: cross-sectional studies, cohort studies and case-control studies.

b.2. Interviews
The interview takes place in the form of an individual or small group question and answer session,
which can be conducted by telephone or in person. Interviews are particularly useful when you
need to collect a large amount of information from a small sample of people. Interviews are often
used to obtain information from an expert on a specific topic. Because this type of research is very
personal, additional questions may be asked to ensure transparency.

b.3. Focus groups.

Focus groups are used to collect data from a small group of people, who are often experts in a
specific research area. Start a discussion among group members to find out their thoughts. This
method is often used by companies to gain insights into niche markets and understand their
customers.

b.4. Surveys
Surveys are often conducted online using paid or free survey tools and are a convenient and cost-
effective solution when responses are needed from a larger population. Questions are scripted,
which gives the respondent little flexibility if their answer doesn't fit well (requiring features like
logic bypassing), and response rates can be variable. Survey length is a delicate balance: if the
 survey is too long, there is a risk that participants will become bored and leave the survey
incomplete. However, if the survey is short, the data collected will not be sufficient to provide a
complete picture.

c. Advantages and disadvantages of primary research

c.1. Advantages of primary research

• Basic research methods provide a targeted approach to market research. This allows specific issues
to be addressed while maintaining the full relevance of the research to the goals and scope of the
project. This means that the study is specific to the individual market and not the mass market.
• This type of research also allows the marketer to fully control the methodology used, the size of
the representative sample, and the sample selection process. This helps to further improve the
relevance of the study to the individual or organization.
• Secondary research is often outdated and may no longer be relevant to the market the researcher
is trying to reach. Primary research ensures that the information collected is current and up to date
so that trends can be accurately determined.
• Primary research also allows an individual or organization to control ownership of data. They may
choose to disclose information to strengthen their position of authority in the industry, or they
may choose to keep it secret to avoid giving an advantage to competitors.

c.2. Disadvantages of primary research

• The main disadvantage of conducting primary research is the costs associated with the process.
Secondary research can often be obtained free of charge, while primary research is more complex,
increasing procurement costs.
• Conducting primary research can also be time-consuming, particularly when a large sample is
required. The time required to effectively plan, conduct, and analyze the data is much longer than
the time required to conduct secondary research.
• The vagueness must also be considered. Respondents may be biased based on their previous
experiences within the organization or may not fully understand the survey question, which may
result in misleading or inaccurate responses.
 Figure 1: Methods of Primary Research.

III. Secondary Research

a. Definition

Secondary research is a research method that uses existing data. Existing data will be summarized
and compiled to increase the overall effectiveness of the study.

One of the main advantages of secondary research is that it allows us to obtain information and
draw conclusions without having to collect new data ourselves. This can save time and resources
and leverage existing knowledge and experience. When we conduct secondary research, it is
important that we do so thoroughly and thoughtfully. This means choosing sources carefully and
ensuring that the data we analyze is reliable and relevant to the research question. It also means
being critical and analytical when analyzing and identifying potential errors and limitations in the
data.

Secondary research is much more cost-effective than primary research because it uses data that
already exists, unlike primary research where organizations or companies collect data themselves
or hire third parties to collect data on their behalf.

Figure 2: Methods of Secondary Research.

b. Most common type of secondary research:

b.1. Data Available on The Internet

The Internet is one of the most popular ways to collect secondary data. The data is easy to find
online and can be downloaded with just one click. This data is practically free, or you have to pay
a negligible amount to download the existing data. Websites contain a lot of information that
companies or organizations can use for their research purposes. However, organizations should
only consider authentic and trustworthy websites for collecting information.

b.2. Government and Non-Government Agencies

Data for secondary research may also be collected by some government and non-government
agencies. For example, the U.S. Government Printing Office, U.S. Census Bureau, and Small
Business Development Centers have valuable and relevant data that companies or organizations
can use. There are costs associated with downloading and using the data provided by these
agencies. The data obtained from these agencies is authentic and reliable.

b.3. Public Libraries

Public libraries are another good source of data for this study. Public libraries have copies of
important previously conducted research papers. They represent a reservoir of information and
important documents from which information can be extracted.

The services offered in these public libraries vary from library to library. Most often, libraries have
a large collection of government publications with market statistics, a large collection of business
directories and newsletters.

b.4. Educational Institutions

The importance of collecting data from educational institutions for secondary research is often
overlooked. However, more research is conducted at colleges and universities than in any other
industry. The data collected by universities is primarily used for basic research. However,
companies or organizations can contact educational institutions and request data.

b.5. Commercial Information Sources

Local newspapers, magazines, magazines, radio and television stations are excellent sources of
data for secondary research. These business news sources provide first-hand information about
economic development, political agendas, market research, demographic segmentation, and
similar topics. Companies or organizations can request the most relevant data for their research.
Not only do businesses could identify their potential customers, but they can also explore
opportunities to promote their products or services through these sources as they have a wider
reach.
 Table 2: Secondary Research methods.

c. Advantages and disadvantages of secondary research

c.1. Advantages of Secondary Research

• Most of the information in this study is readily available. There are many sources from which
relevant data can be collected and used, unlike basic research where data must be collected from
the ground up.
• It is a cheaper and less time-consuming process as the required data is easily available and does
not cost much if it comes from authentic sources. Obtaining the data requires minimal effort.
• Data collected through secondary research gives organizations or companies an idea about the
effectiveness of primary research. Therefore, organizations or companies may make assumptions
and estimate costs associated with basic research.
• Secondary research can be carried out more quickly due to data availability. Depending on the
business goal or the amount of data required, it can be completed within a few weeks.

c.2. Disadvantages of Secondary Research

• Although data is readily available, a credibility assessment must be conducted to understand the
authenticity of the information available.
• Not all secondary data resources provide the latest reports and statistics. Even if the data is
accurate, it may not be current enough to reflect current time periods.
• Secondary research draws conclusions from the data collected from primary research. The success
of your research will depend more on the quality of the primary research that has already been
carried out.
d. Key Differences between Primary Research and Secondary Research

To determine which research method is best for your project, it is important to understand the
difference between primary research and secondary research. There are two main types of
 research methods, each with advantages and disadvantages. In this section, we'll explore the key
differences between them and discuss when you should use them.

Primary Research Secondary Research

Research is conducted firsthand to obtain Research is based on data collected from
data. Researcher “owns” the data collected. previous research.
Secondary research is based on tried and
Primary research is based on raw data. tested data which is previously analyzed and
filtered.
The data collected fits the needs of a
researcher, it is customized. Data is collected Data may or may not be according to the
based on the absolute needs of organizations requirement of a researcher.
or businesses.
As opposed to primary research, secondary
Researcher is deeply involved in research to
research is fast and easy. It aims at gaining a
collect data in primary research.
broader understanding of subject matter.
Secondary research is a quick process as data
Primary research is an expensive process and
is already available. Researcher should know
consumes a lot of time to collect and analyze
where to explore to get most appropriate
data.
data.
Table 3: Primary Research and Secondary Research.

IV. Qualitative research

a. Definition

Qualitative research is defined as a market research method that focuses on obtaining data
through open, conversational communication. This method focuses on “what” people think and
“why” they think the way they do. For example, let's take a grocery store that wants to improve its
traffic. Systematic observations show that more and more men are visiting this store. A great way
to find out why women aren't visiting your store is to conduct an in-depth interview with potential
customers.

b. Qualitative research methods

b.1. One-on-one interview

Conducting in-depth interviews is one of the most popular methods of qualitative research. This is
a personal interview that is conducted with one interview partner at a time. This is a purely
conversational method that creates the opportunity to obtain detailed information from the
interview partner.

One of the advantages of this method is the great ability to collect precise data about what people
believe and what their motivations are. If the researcher has a lot of experience, asking the right
questions can help them collect meaningful data. If they need more information, researchers
should ask follow-up questions to gather more information.

These interviews can be conducted in person or over the telephone and can typically last half an
hour to two hours or longer. An in-depth in-person interview gives you a better opportunity to read
interviewees' body language and tailor their answers accordingly.

b.2. Focus groups.

A focus group is also one of the most used qualitative research methods for data collection. A focus
group typically includes a limited number of respondents (6-10) from the target market.

The main goal of a focus group is to find answers to the questions “why,” “what,” and “how.” One
of the advantages of focus groups is that you don't necessarily have to interact with the group in
person. Today, focus groups can send online surveys on various devices and collect responses with
just one click.

Focus groups are an expensive method compared to other online qualitative research methods.
They generally explain complex processes. This method is very useful for researching new products
in the market and testing new concepts.

b.3. Ethnographic research

Ethnographic research is the most in-depth observational research method that studies people in
their natural environments. This method requires researchers to adapt to the target audience's
environment, which can be anywhere from an organization to a city or remote location. In this
case, geographical limitations may pose a problem in data collection.

The aim of this research project is to understand the cultures, challenges, motivations, and
environments that arise. Instead of relying on interviews and discussions, experience the natural
environment up close.

b.4. Case study research

The case study method has evolved in recent years and has become a valuable qualitative research
method. As the name suggests, it is used to explain an organization or entity. This type of research
method is used in many fields such as education, social sciences, etc. This method may seem
difficult to use, but it is one of the easiest methods to conduct research because it requires deep
immersion and a thorough understanding of the methods of collecting and thinking about data.

b.5. Record keeping

This method uses existing and reliable documents and similar information sources as a data source.
This data can be used for further investigations. It's like going to the library. There you can consult
 books and other reference materials to collect relevant data that can potentially be used in your
research.

b.6. Process of observation

Qualitative observation is a research process that uses subjective methods to collect systematic
information or data. Because qualitative observation focuses on the research process that uses
subjective methods to collect information or data. Qualitative observation primarily serves to
compensate for differences in quality.

Figure 3: Qualitative Research methods.

V. Quantitative research
a. Definition

Quantitative research is the systematic study of phenomena through the collection of quantifiable
data and the application of statistical, mathematical, or computational techniques. Quantitative
research collects information from current and potential customers using sampling techniques and
by sending, for example, surveys, online surveys and questionnaires. One of the main features of
this type of research is that the results can be presented in numerical form. Once you fully
understand these numbers, you can predict the future of your product or service and make changes
accordingly.

b. Quantitative research methods

b.1. Survey Research

Using survey research as a research method, the organization conducting the survey asks
respondents various survey questions with different types such as online surveys, online surveys,
paper questionnaires, etc. and then collects and analyzes the collected data to obtain numerical
results.
 b.2. Causal-Comparative Research
Causal comparative research method is used to draw conclusions about a cause-and-effect
equation between two or more than two variables, where one variable depends on the other
variables which are independent.

b.3. Experimental Research

This analysis is performed to prove or disprove a statement. It is often used in the natural sciences
or social sciences as well as in these fields; There are various statements that need to be proven
whether they are true or false.

b.4. Correlation Research

Correlation studies were conducted to determine the relationship between two closely related
entities, to understand the influence of one on the other and the ultimate changes observed. It is
carried for giving value to the naturally occurring relationships. For this research minimum, two
different groups will be required.

c. Advantages and Disadvantages of quantitative research

c.1. Advantages of quantitative research

• Collect reliable and accurate data: Since the data is collected, analyzed, and presented in
numerical form, the results obtained are highly reliable. The numbers don't lie. They
provide a reliable picture of the research carried out, without deviations and are extremely
precise. In situations where the researcher expects a conflict, quantitative research is
carried out.
• Rapid Data Collection: Quantitative research involves studying a group of people that
represent a larger population.
• To collect information from these participants, a survey or other quantitative research
method is used. Statistics make it easier and quicker to analyze data and identify patterns.
• Wider scope of data analysis: Using statistics, this research method offers a wide scope of
data collection.
• Eliminate Bias: This research method does not allow personal comments or distortions of
research results. The results obtained are numerical and therefore accurate in most cases.

c.2. Disadvantages of quantitative research

• Superficial: Complex concepts may not be adequately represented if too rigid and limited
operational definitions are used. For example, in quantitative research, the concept of
sentiment can only be expressed in numbers, while in qualitative research it can be better
explained.
• Narrow focus: Measurement protocols and defined variables can miss other important
observations.
 • Structural biases: Standardized processes do not eliminate the possibility of structural biases
affecting quantitative research. Systematic errors include missing data, inaccurate
measurements, and inadequate sampling techniques, which can lead to erroneous results.
• Lack of context: Quantitative research often occurs in artificial environments such as
laboratories or ignores cultural and historical factors that can influence data collection and
results.
VI. Scientific Method
a. Definition

The scientific method is the process of objectively establishing facts through tests and experiments.
The basic process includes observing, formulating a hypothesis, predicting, conducting an
experiment and finally analyzing the results. The principles of the scientific method can be applied
to many areas, including scientific research, business, and technology.

b. Step of the scientific method:

1. Make an observation or ask a question. The first step is to look at something you want to learn
or ask a question you want answered. They can be specific or general in nature.
2. Gather basic information. This involves examining what is already known about a specific topic.
This can also include checking whether someone has asked the same question before.
3. Create a hypothesis. A hypothesis is an explanation of an observation or question. If this is
proven later, it could become fact.
4. Make a forecast and run a test. Create a testable prediction based on your hypothesis. The test
must demonstrate a notable change that can be measured or observed through empirical
analysis. When testing, it is also important to control other variables.
5. Analyze the results and draw conclusions. Use the metrics you set before testing and see if the
results match your predictions.
6. Share your results or decide what question to ask next: Document the results of your
experiment. By sharing your insights with others, you also increase the overall amount of
knowledge available. Your experiment may also have led to other questions, and if your
hypothesis is disproven, you may need to create and test a new one.
 Figure 4: Step of the scientific method.

VII. Research process

a. Definition

The methodological procedures that a researcher follows to ensure that every aspect of an
investigation is conducted to the highest possible standards constitute the research process. By
following the research procedure, the researcher can ensure that all aspects are examined, and
that the data collected is accurate and clearly stated.

b. Step of the Research Process

Step 1: Identify the Problem

The first step is to find a problem or formulate a research question. A clearly defined research
problem guides the researcher through all stages of the research process, from defining objectives
to selecting a technique. There are many ways to understand and understand a topic better. For
example:

• Initial examination
• Study topic
• Interviews with a small group of people
• Observational study

Step 2: Evaluate the Literature

Careful examination of relevant research results is essential in the research process. It allows the
researcher to determine specific aspects of the problem. Once a problem is identified, the
investigator or researcher needs to know more.

This passage provides the context of the problem area. It informs the researcher about previous
research, how it was conducted, and its conclusions. A researcher can establish consistency
between his or her work and that of others through a literature review. Such an overview provides
the researcher with more knowledge and helps him or her to follow the research process
effectively.

Step 3: Create Hypotheses

Formulating an initial hypothesis is the next logical step after refining and defining your research
topic. Belief resolves logical relationships between variables. To formulate a hypothesis, a
researcher must have specific knowledge in a particular area.

It is important that researchers remember when formulating a hypothesis that it must be based on
the research topic. Researchers can focus their efforts and stay true to their goals by developing
theories to guide their work.

Step 4: The Research Design

Research design is a plan to achieve goals and answer research questions. Describes how to obtain
relevant information. Your goal is to design research to test hypotheses, answer research
questions, and provide information that facilitates decision-making.

Research design aims to minimize the time, money and effort required to obtain meaningful
evidence. This plan can be divided into four categories:

• Exploration and research

• Experience
• Data analysis
• Observations

Step 5: Describe Population

Research projects usually focus on a specific group of people, objects, or how technology is used
in business. In research, this research group is called a population. The research team determines
the topic and purpose of the research.

Suppose a researcher wants to study a specific group of people in a community. In this case, the
study could cover a specific age group (men or women), a specific geographical location, or a
specific ethnic group. The final step in study design is to define the sample or population so that
the results can be generalized.

Step 6: Data Collection

Data collection is important to obtain the knowledge or information needed to answer a research
question. Each study collected data from the literature or from study participants. The data must
be collected by two categories of researchers. These sources can provide primary data.

• Experience
• Questionnaire
• Observations
• Maintenance

Secondary data categories are:

• Literature search
• Official and unofficial reports
• Library resource-based approach

Step 7: Data Analysis

When designing a study, the researcher plans to analyze the data. After the data is collected, the
researcher analyzes it. The data is reviewed using the approach used in this phase. Test results are
reviewed and reported. Data analysis involves a series of interrelated steps, such as: B. defining
categories, applying those categories to raw data through coding and tabulation, and then drawing
statistical conclusions. The researcher can examine the data obtained using various statistical
methods.

Step 8: The Report-writing

After completing these steps, the researcher must prepare a report detailing their findings. The
report must be prepared carefully, considering the following questions:

• Layout: The first page of the report must contain the title, date, acknowledgments, and
foreword. The index should be followed by a list of tables, charts, and graphs, where
appropriate.
• Introduction: It must specify the purpose and methods of the study. This section should
include the scope and limitations of the study.
• Summary of results: The introduction is followed by a non-technical summary of the
results and recommendations. Results should be summarized if they are long.
• Main Report: The main body of the report should be meaningful and divided into easy-to-
understand sections.
• Conclusion: The researcher must present his conclusions at the end of the main text. This
is the result.
VIII. Population in research
a. Definition

A research population is usually a large group of people or things that are the primary object of
scientific study. Research is conducted in the best interests of society. However, because it would
be extremely expensive and time-consuming to test every member of the community, this is often
not possible for researchers due to the size of the population. This is why researchers use sampling
methods.

b. Relationship of Sample and Population in Research

A sample is just a subset of the population. The concept of sampling stems from the inability of
researchers to test all individuals within a given population. The sample must be representative of
the population from which it is drawn, and the sample size must be sufficient to justify the
statistical analysis.

The main function of a sample is to allow researchers to study individuals within a population in
order to draw conclusions from the research results that apply to the entire population. It's like a
give and take process. The population "gives" a sample, and then "draws" conclusions from the
sample results.

c. Two Types of Population in Research

• Target population: A target group is the entire population or object to which the researcher
wishes to generalize his conclusions. The target population usually has different characteristics
and is also called the theoretical population.
• Accessible people: An accessible population is a study population to which researchers can
apply their conclusions. This population is a subset of the target population, also known as the
study population. Researchers collect samples from accessible populations.
IX. Conduct Secondary research.
1. Statistics on mental health status of children and adolescents in the period before Covid -19

Figure 5: Effects of the pandemic on teen mental health.

In the project on the influence and impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the psychological health of youth,
there are two parts here about male and female gender in this age group. The report given was responded
to and compiled from parents of teenagers saying that the parent report of pandemic-related mental
health change reflects some differences for teen girls and boys. More parents of teen girls than parents of
teen boys note an increase in anxiety/worry (36% vs 19%) or depression/sadness (31% vs 18%). In contrast,
similar proportions of parents report negative changes in their teen’s sleep (24% vs 21%), withdrawing
from family (14% vs 13%) and aggressive behavior (8% vs 9%) (C.S. Mott Children's Hopistal, 2021).

The most common mental health issues related to the pandemic are depression and anxiety, reported by
one in three parents of adolescent girls and one in five parents of adolescent boys. Current research shows
that depression among adolescents during the pandemic is linked to their fears and insecurities, as well as
high stress among parents. Many parents reported relaxed family rules around interacting with friends
and spending time on social media. Some parents have also found that engaging a health care provider
and/or therapist has helped their children. Parents may also want to consider whether they are passing
on some of the stress of the pandemic to their children.

Mental health experts point out that the most important thing for parents to do is keep communication
open. Ask your child how they are feeling and create a space where they can speak honestly so you can
get help if needed. Parents should also keep in mind that it is normal for teenagers to want privacy from
their family. Giving them space for quiet moments, creative moments or musical moments can have a
positive impact on their mental health. Mental health apps represent another strategy that could make
therapy more accessible, effective, and portable, and some parents surveyed said they were helpful for
their children. Parents should contact their primary care provider or other trusted sources for
recommendations on teen mental health apps and online resources. Many experts in the field of child
health also emphasize the importance of sleep for teenagers, especially when they are stressed.

2. Statistics on mental health status of children and adolescents in journal articles

According to Theberath (2021), reviews show that the most reported mental health problems are anxiety,
depression, loneliness, stress, and fear. Children and adolescents who are undergoing psychotherapy
and/or have developmental disabilities are particularly vulnerable to the psychological effects of the
pandemic.

Numerous factors contribute to the negative impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the mental health of
children and young people. These include social isolation, academic stress, financial stress, grief and loss,
fear and uncertainty (Theberath, et al., 2022). Social isolation is a major challenge for children and young
people during the pandemic. School closures, social distancing measures and restrictions on social
gatherings have led to feelings of loneliness, sadness, and depression. Stress while learning is also a serious
problem for children and young people. Educational disruptions such as online learning and blended
learning have led to increased anxiety, frustration, and feelings of being overwhelmed.

Many families are experiencing financial hardship due to job loss and reduced income during the
pandemic. This can have a negative impact on the mental health of children and young people as they may
worry about their family's financial situation. It is important that parents, carers and educators are aware
of the signs and symptoms of mental health problems in children and young people and seek professional
help when necessary.

Resource of Journal: ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8972920/pdf/10.1177_20503121221086712.pdf

3. Hypotheses Model Development.

H1: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to an increase in the frequency of mental health problems
among children and adolescents.

H2: Children and adolescents with mental and/or developmental disabilities are at increased risk
of mental health problems during the COVID-19 pandemic.

H3: Social isolation, academic stress, financial stress, grief and loss, fear and uncertainty are risk
factors for the development of mental health problems in children and adolescents during the
Covid-19 pandemic.
 H4: Social and family support as well as a positive coping style are protective factors against the
development of psychological problems in children and adolescents during the Covid-19
pandemic.

H5: Mental health issues in Vietnam are being resolved quite quickly and will continue to be
resolved quickly soon, increasingly stabilizing the mental health of young people.

H6: Unlike other developed countries, Vietnam still does not have an application that cares for
and recognizes as well as solutions for psychological health problems for adolescents.

P3. Conduct primary research using appropriate methods for a computing research project that
considers costs, access, and ethical issues.
I. Research Ethics Approval Form

Section One: Basic Detail

Project Title: Effects of COVID-19 pandemic on mental health of children and adolescents
Student name: Phung Huu Minh Khanh
Student ID: GDD210033
School: University of Greenwich
Intended research start date: 2023/10/03.
Intended research end date: 2023/10/27.
Section Two: Project summary
Please select all research methods that you plan to use as part of project:
• Interviews ☒
• Questionnaires ☒
• Observations ☒
• Data analysis ☒
• Focus group ☐
• Action research ☐
• Other: ...............................................................
Section Three: Participants
Please answer the following question, giving full details where necessary.
Will you research health psychology during the Covid-19 pandemic? - Yes
Who needs attention?
Children age: 12-15 ☒
Adolescents ☒
Adult ☒

How can you spot a teenager with psychological problems?

How to help adolescents clearly understand health and psychological issues at their age?
Studies involving questionnaires:
Will participants have the option to skip questions they do not want to answer?
Yes ☒
No ☐
If No, please explain why below and ensure you address any ethical issues that arise from this.
...................................................................................
Studies involving observation:
Confirm whether participants will be asked for their informed consent to be observed.
Yes ☒
No ☐
Will you debrief participants at the end of their participation?
Yes ☒
No ☐

Will participants be given information about the findings of your study?

Yes ☒
No ☐
Section Four: Data storage and security
Confirm that all personal data will be stored and processed in compliance with Data.
Yes ☒
No ☐
Who will have access to the data and personal information?
- Project Manager
During the research:
Where will the data be stored? - Cloud
After the research:
Where will the data be stored? – Cloud
How long will the data and records be kept for and in what format? - After finishing the project
Will the data be retained for use by other researchers?
Yes ☒
No ☐
Section Five: Ethical issues
Are there specific features of the proposed work that might raise ethical concerns? If so, describe how
you plan to address this issue: It is important that you are aware of the potential risks that may arise
from your research.
Please review/resolve any issues you encounter. Ethical issues may include, but are not limited to, the
following:
• Declaration of consent.
• Potentially vulnerable participants.
• Sensitive topics.
• Risks to Participants and/or Researchers.
• Confidentiality/Anonymity.
• Disclosure/Confidentiality Restrictions.
 • Data storage and security during and after the study (including transmission, sharing, encryption,
protection).
• Report.
• Dissemination and use of the results.
Section Six: Declaration
I have read, understood and will I comply as a researcher with the researchers conducting research on
this topic?
Yes ☒
No ☐
I have discussed ethical issues related to my research with my Tutor:
Yes ☒
No ☐
I declare that the above information is true to the best of my knowledge and represents a complete
description of the ethical issues that may arise during my research.
Name: Phung Huu Minh Khanh
Date: 2023/10/13
Table 4: Research Ethics Approval Form.

II. Conduct Primary research.

a. Research methods

The first step in conducting primary research is data collection. That is the reason I decided to
primarily use surveys as a research method. A survey involves creating a series of simple, easy-to-
understand, multiple-choice questions and sending them to many people. The digital data
collected as part of the survey can then be analyzed to answer the research questions. Surveys are
ideal for collecting information from a large group of people because they are easy to distribute
and collect responses quickly. Because of the representativeness of my sample, I may be able to
draw some conclusions about the larger population I am studying. You can also perform additional
statistical analysis of the survey data to determine the importance of specific responses.

b. Collecting data

Aim of the research: My research is aimed at all people with adolescent children and some young
people in this age group.

Sample size of: This study will involve 40 students from the University of Greenwich.

c. Survey form

I created a survey to collect feedback from 40 students studying at the University of Greenwich's
Da Nang campus. This survey includes multiple choice questions and some short questions to learn
more about this topic. For the main study of this project, I used Google Forms to create forms,
collect data, and create visualizations.
 Figure 6: Survey form.

P4. Apply appropriate analytical tools, analyze research findings and data.

I. Analyze data in survey form.

After the survey, data will be automatically recorded on Google Forms for analysis. Therefore, I decided
to investigate this information.

Figure 7: Question What is your gender?

The diagram shows that the number of women participating in the survey accounted for 42.5% of the total
and it was equal to the number of men participating in the survey, in some cases it was only 14.3%.
 Figure 8: Question What age are you in?

From the chart, it is clear that the survey participants included all students at the University of Greenwich
and a number of other young people. According to observations, people over 18 years old account for the
majority with 57.1%. Next is 28.6% of people aged 16-18 and the remaining 15–16-year-olds account for
14.3%.

Figure 9: Question about diagnosed with Covid-19.

During the Covid-19 pandemic, the majority of people have tested positive for the virus or their family,
just one case and never had it, shows that the virus infection rate is very high and spreads quickly.
 Figure 10: Questions about symptoms in adolescence.

According to the survey and from the chart, it shows that anxiety and stress make up the majority and are
the most obvious symptoms that people think. In addition, depression and loneliness are also quite high,
but very few children suffer from these problems. Some others believe that lack of sleep, boredom and
fatigue can also be experienced at this age and account for a small percentage in the chart.

Figure 11: Question about mental health services.

The majority of people have had contact with a mental health service and according to the pie chart, 57.1%
have had contact with this service. For the few people who have never come into contact with the service,
it is probably still strange to users in Vietnam.
 Figure 12: Question about impact on the mental health of adolescents.

After reading the responses from the survey participants, people said that lack of sleep and lack of social
interaction with people and stress are the majority, and that they can also be factors that cause mental
health problems. Psychological health of adolescents after testing positive for the virus.

Figure 13: Question about contact with an adolescent with mental health problems.

Most people recommend that, after contact with minors, they should advise their families to protect and
care for them more. In addition, there are some people who actively and happily encourage children
during quarantine to avoid causing them to have negative thoughts that can lead to future mental health
problems.
II. Recommendation
After conducting the survey, we analyzed the survey participants' responses. The results show that most
people believe that protecting the mental health of children and adolescents is the best way to protect
their mental health. The survey also focused on the perspectives of 18-year-old participants to assess their
perceptions of their mental health. However, the sample size of 60 participants may limit the objectivity
of the results and therefore, it is recommended to expand the survey to a larger population to obtain more
general and accurate results.

P5. Communicate research outcomes in an appropriate manner for the intended audience.

I. Evaluate hypotheses in the literature with appropriate justification.

This study has a limited scope and focuses only on participants aged 18 years or older and is located on
the campus of the University of Greenwich Danang. As a result, these findings cannot be considered
definitive or representative of a larger population. To fully understand the impacts and factors of the
Covid-19 pandemic that left young generations with outstanding psychological problems, further research
is needed on a larger scale. Additionally, limitations in factors such as gender and age highlight the need
for a more comprehensive study to achieve more accurate results.

Some people found that although the problems did not have a harmful effect on mental health, most
people expressed concerns about psychological problems in children during the pandemic such as
depression, anxiety as well as anxiety. mechanisms of communication in society. Furthermore, this survey
also shows that a significant number of people do not care about psychological issues in children and
adolescents, so it is necessary to address and propagate to create positive things. to the future of the
country.

II. Recommendation for improving the system or future research.

Based on the survey results, most participants believe that protecting the psychological health of children
and adolescents is the best way to protect their mental health. However, this study has some limitations,
such as the limited number of factors considered. Future studies with more complex methods, time and
finances can continue to research with more factors in the relationship to be able to find a more suitable
solution to this problem. In addition, it is also possible to expand the scope of the survey from a survey on
the campus of Greenwich University in Da Nang to a survey of all young people and their parents across
Vietnam.
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