Guía Quimica 3
Guía Quimica 3
Guía Quimica 3
HYDROGEN
IONIC BONDING
IONIC COMPOUND: A compound that is composed entirely of ions. They have high melting point
and they tend to be brittle.
OCTET RULE
The OCTET RULE states that atoms tend to gain, lose or share electrons in order to acquire a full
set of VALENCE ELECTRONS.
VALENCE ELCTRONS: These are the OUTERMOST ELECTRONS that make the bonding in a
chemical reaction
TYPES OF BONDS
IONIC BOND: A bond between two ions with a difference of electronegativity ABOVE 0.5. In this
type of bond electrons are DONATED from one ion to the other.
COVALENT BOND: A bond between two ions with a difference of electronegativity BELLOW 0.5.
In this type of bond electrons are SHARED from one ion to the other.
These diagrams are used to represent visually the VALANCE ELECTRONS of an ion.
NONPOLAR COVALENT BONDS: A COVALENT BOND usually between the same ions or those
which DON’T have a significant difference in electronegativity to turn it POLAR. Therefore,
THERE IS NO POSITIVE NOR NEGATIVE SIDE TO THE COMPUND FORMED
-Chemist name a COMPOUND according to the ATOMS and BONDS that compose it.
-For example: K (POTASSIUM), and I (IODINE), form the molecule “KI” or called “POTASSIUM
IODIDE”. Mg (MAGNESIUM), and Cl (CHLORINE), form the molecule “MgCl2” or called
“MAGNESIUM DICHLORIDE”.
-It is important to add the appropriate numeric preffix to accommodate the number of atoms
involved.
-Numeric prefixes: mono (1), di (2), tri (3), tetra (4), penta (5), Hexa (6), hepta (7), octa (8), nona
(9) , deca (10).
-For example: N (NITROGEN), and O (OXYGEN), form the molecule “NO2” or called “NITROGEN
DIOXIDE”. P (PHOSPHOROUS), and O (OXYGEN), form the molecule “P2O5” or called
“DIPHOSPHOROUS PENTAOXIDE”.