WOLAITA SODO UNIVERSTY

COLLEGE OF NATURAL AND COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCES

DEPATMENT OF BIOLOGY

ASSIGNMENT ON DEVELOPING PROPOSAL ON:

ASSESSING THE INDIGINEOUS KNOWLEDGE OF MAINTAINING BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY IN

HOME GARDEN IN CASE OF ANGELA EDIGET KEBELE

BY:

ASTER BARATA UTALO

August, 2021

WOLAITA SODO,ETHIOPIA
Contents
1. INTRODUCTION...................................................................................................................................1
1.1 Back ground of the study...................................................................................................................1
1.2 Statement of the problem...................................................................................................................3
1.3 objectives...........................................................................................................................................3
1.3.1 General Objective.......................................................................................................................3
1.3.2 Specific Objective.......................................................................................................................3
1.4 Significant of the study......................................................................................................................4
1.5 Scope of the study..............................................................................................................................4
1.6 Limitation of the study.......................................................................................................................4
3. METHODS AND MATERIAL...............................................................................................................5
3.1 .The study area description................................................................................................................5
3.2. Population size and sampling............................................................................................................6
3.3. Study design.....................................................................................................................................6
3.4 Sample size determination.................................................................................................................6
3.5. Methods of data collection................................................................................................................6
3.5.1. Questionnaires...........................................................................................................................7
3.5.2 Interviews...................................................................................................................................7
3.5.3 Focusing group...........................................................................................................................7
3.6. Methods of data analysis..................................................................................................................7
3.7. Ethical consideration........................................................................................................................8
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Back ground of the study
The term’ indigenous knowledge’ is used to describe the knowledge system developed by a community as opposed to the scientific
knowledge that is generally referred to as modern knowledge and the basic for local level decision making in many rural communities
(Ajibad, 2003). Indigenous knowledge is traditional knowledge existing in our local community and society from the time
immemorial (Sharme et al., 2009). Indigenous knowledge the dynamic way in which the resident of an area have come to understand
themselves in relationship their natural environment and how they organize that folk knowledge of flora and fauna, cultural beliefs,
and history to enhance their lives( Brenan,2010).
Embraces all species of plants, animals, and microorganisms, the ecosystem and ecological processes of which they are part; this
includes three levels: genetic diversity (intra species diversity), species diversity (richness) and ecosystem diversity (Kassas, 2002).
Biodiversity is the variety of life on earth and includes variation at all levels of biological organization from genes to species to
ecosystem. Genetic, organism and ecological diversity are all element of biodiversity with each including a number of components
(Gaston& Spicer, 2004).

Biodiversity and Indigenous knowledge have mutual relationship with each other .It helps in maintaining biodiversity and
biodiversity in turn is helping the survival of indigenous people living nearby these biological resources .Indigenous people and their
socio-cultural relationship with biological system have largely been contributing to sustainable conservation of biodiversity, especially
in in-situ conservation or conservation of the resources their natural state or natural habitat(Shrestha et al., 2008).

The beginning of Ethiopian home gardens is believed to be closely linked with the advent of agriculture from 5000-7000 BC.
Considering the long history of agriculture in Ethiopia and the presence of ancient crop domestication in home gardens, it could be
presumed that gardening was probably the earliest form of farming ever practiced in the country (Asfaw, 2004).
Detailed accounts of the history, origin and evolution of Ethiopian home gardens have been presented by Asfaw (2001b; 2002; 2004).
In many communities, women have key role in managing the garden and utilizing its produce, either in their own kitchen or by selling
in the market (Asfaw, 2002).

The study of home garden is important for enhancing the understanding of indigenous knowledge in natural resource management as
well as for understanding its role in biodiversity conservation and community development.

In the study area have the have 228 peoples home garden from these was taken 112 respondents. The results of our study were to get
different useful plants like medicinal useful, food useful, spices, incomes ornaments, and other usefulness, and the advantage of
indigenous knowledge practiced in home garden activities, threats of biodiversity factors and the most diversified plant species, in the
study area.

The aim of this study will to assess indigenous knowledge of maintaining biological diversity in home garden in case of Benishangul
Gumuz Regional State Western part of Ethiopia, Assosa Wereda Amba 8 kebele.

1.2.Statement of the problem

In today world biological diversity are diversified in different kind of species as well as our country, and these biological diversity are
threat many aspects. Biological diversity increasing becoming recognized as important beyond its purely scientific interests , social
and economic values of biodiversity are assuming greater significant as arrange of different groups including indigenous people
asserts claims and interests .To consume biodiversity in home garden by indigenous knowledge is very difficult this means the
shortage of different modern and scientific materials, better knowledgeable persons and energy sources humans & some persons to use
their time unwisely.The divers of indigenous knowledge existing in our country is in the verge of extinction due to different
reasons ;globalization poverty as capability deprivation , exclusion of these groups from education and other facilities , recent
environmental threats; like climate change. Indigenous knowledge in the current status counting as endangered species so these
endangered species was need protecting and preventing to the disturbance factors. The indigenous knowledge is transfer generation to
generation orally to conduct our study was put in the documentation form to transfer future generation. Finally awarded the
community the advantage and usefulness of indigenous knowledge and initiate communities to maintain and conserve biological
diversity, and aware the advantage of home garden in the community and environment Ameba 8 kebele.

1.3 Objective of the study

1.3.1 General Objective

The general objective of this study will be to assess indigenous knowledge of maintaining biological diversity in home garden in case
of Angela Ediget kebele.

1.3.2 Specific Objectives

 To identify plant species in the home garden.
 To gather indigenous knowledge of the people on home garden in the study area practiced.
 To identify factors that to threat biodiversity in home garden.

1.4 Significance of the study

This study has its own importance for the society and for own self. It helps people of the studied area to develop the habit of
documenting and passing indigenous knowledge to next generation without being distorted and good environment and most
biodiversity abundant area for their elders. Not only this, there are many advantages the home garden biodiversity, for foods
medicines means of incomes, and for refreshment and maintain environments this useful biodiversities are threats many factors and
the indigenous knowledge have no any written document , so to make the legalized conserve and well documented one this research
is more important.
To create awareness of the people for wise use of traditionally knowledge for practiced home garden and conserve biodiversity plants.
This study used to improve the home garden diversity and prevents biodiversity from extinction and to pass indigenous knowledge for
the next generation.

In addition, it helps further study by providing base line information. Therefore, the presiding study increases the thinking behavior of
the society found around Angela Ediget kebele.

1.5 Scope of the study

In general, the spatial boundary of the study was limited to SNNP Regional State Zaba Gazo woreda in Angela Ediget kebele is also
the subjects of study.
 3. METHODS AND MATERIAL

3.1 .The study area description

The study will be conducted in SNNP Regional state, which in the northern part of the country. Angela town is about nearly 300 km
far from Addis Ababa which the capital city of Ethiopia. The region known by the high availability of home garden resource and fruit
related plant and vegetables

3.2. Population size and sampling

The sample will be taken from home garden (participant) in Zaba Gazo wereda, Angela Ediget Keble .The total number of population
1049 from the total population the home gardener are 228 to respondent will be taken 112 respondents by using purposive sampling
techniques.

3.3. Study design

Across sectional study will be carried out from September 2021 to April 2018 to assess indigenous knowledge of maintaining
biological diversity in home garden in case of Angela Ediget kebele.This study will be employed to get data from the home garden in
Zaba Gazo woreda, Angela Ediget Keble.

3.4 Sample size determination

The sample size is determined by the below equation with 95% confidence interval (Guest, et al, 2006).

n= z 2*p (1-p) ∕ e2 ∕ 1+ ( z 2*p (1-p)) ∕ e2 N

Where, n= sample size
N= population size which is in this case =228
e= margin of error which is in this case taken as 10% (0.1)
z= confidence level which is in this case =95% (1.96)
p=percentage proportion which is in this case =50% (0.5)
Therefore,

n= 1.962*0.5(1-0.5)¿+¿ =112respondents required for interview and questionnaires

3.5. Methods of data collection

Data will be collected from primary and secondary sources. Primary data will be collected from sample household. Data will be
collected by using questionnaires and farms inventory. Secondary sources refer to information that will be collected from the district
and Keble office of agriculture. These information on the general land use of the area, the major crops vegetables and other home
garden plants, biodiversity measurable by number, evenness, and differences (Purvis & Hectors, 2000).

3.5.1. Questionnaires
Questionnaires will be the first tools to get available data from the respondent. It will contain open and closed ended questionnaires.
These questionnaires will be distributed to 112 respondent of out of the 228 home gardeners by using purposive sampling method.

3.5.2 Interviews
Interviews the first tool to get available data from the respondent, it will contain open and close ended interview or questionnaires.
Interview will also be employed to give chance to explain by the respondent, that will be necessary to get reliable data by face to face
communication.
In interviews information will be obtained through inquiry and recorded by enumerators. Structured interviews will be performed by
using survey forms, whereas open interviews will be notes taken while talking with respondents. The notes will be subsequently
structured (interpreted) for further analysis.

Although structured interviews can be used to obtain almost any information, as with questionnaires, information is based on personal
opinion. Data on variables such as catch or effort are potentially subject to large errors, due to poor estimates or intentional errors of
sensitive information.

3.5.3 Focusing group

Focusing groupsare small 5 composed of representative members of a group whose beliefs, practices or opinions are sought. By
asking initial questions and structuring the subsequent discussion, the facilitator/interviewer can obtain, for example, information on
common home garden use practices, responses to management regulations or opinions about home garden.

3.6. Methods of data analysis

The qualitative and quantitative data that will be collected in this study were analyzed. The qualitative data will be collected through
interview and physical observation that will be summarized and presented in the form of descriptive statistics. Closed ended
questionnaires will be analyzed through quantitative in form of tabulated and interpretation will be in percent form.

3.7. Ethical consideration

Permission for this study will be obtained from Wolaita Sodo university biology department, district agricultural area, Angela Ediget
kebele home garden and households, as well as the university administrator.
5. RESEARCH PLAN AND BUDGET BREAKDOWN

5.1.The study time breakdown

N O Nov-Dec. 2021 January, 2022 F e b . Mar.2022 A p r i l M a y J u n e J u l y A u g . S e p . O c t .

Activities
2022 2022 2022 2022 2022 2022 2022 2022

1 Proposal preparation, submission and advisor finalization

2 Proposal presentation(defence)

3 Preparing data collecting instruments

4 Data collection
5 Data entry and analysis
6 Report writing
7 Presentation of the final thesis

8 Submission of final draft

5.2. Budget breakdown

No I t e m s Q u a n t i t y Unit price in birr Total price in birr

1 D u p l i c a t i n g p a p e r s 1 R i m 1 8 0 . 0 0 1 8 0 . 0 0
2 P e n ( B i c ) 6 p c s 1 0 . 0 0 6 0 . 0 0
3 P r i n t i n g P r o p o s a l 4 5 p a g e s 3 . 0 0 1 3 5 . 0 0
4 L a p t o p c o m p u t e r 1 p c s 8 5 0 0 . 0 0 8500.0 0
5 Duplicating the final draft 3 c o p i e s 1 0 0 . 0 0 3 0 0 . 0 0
6 B i n d i n g t h e p a p e r 5 c o p i e s 1 0 0 . 0 0 5 0 0 . 0 0
G r a n d T o t a l 9675.0 0
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