(i) Which acid from the list should the student add to sodium hydroxide solution to make

1. sodium sulphate?

ethanoic acid hydrochloric acid nitric acid sulphuric acid

___________________________________________________________________
(1)

(ii) When the acid was added to the alkali the beaker became warm.
Name the type of reaction that releases heat.

___________________________________________________________________
(1)

(iii) Use the Data Sheet to help you to write the formula of sodium sulphate.

Formula: ___________________________________________________________
(1)
(Total 3 marks)

Sodium carbonate reacts with acids.

2.
(i) Complete the word equation.

sodium carbonate + hydrochloric acid → sodium chloride + ___________ + water

(1)

(ii) Name the salt produced if sodium carbonate reacts with dilute nitric acid.

___________________________________________________________________
(1)
(Total 2 marks)

Use the Formulae of Some Common Ions table on the Data Sheet to help you to answer this
3. question.

Acids react with alkalis to form salts and water.

Complete the table below by writing in the name and formula of the salt formed in each reaction.

The first one has been done for you.

Acid Alkali Salt Formula of salt

Hydrochloric acid Sodium hydroxide Sodium chloride NaCl

Nitric acid Sodium hydroxide

Sulphuric acid Potassium hydroxide

(Total 4 marks)

GEMS Winchester School Dubai Page 1 of 26

 The diagram shows apparatus used by a student to investigate electrolysis.
4.

The student was given a solution by the teacher. The solution contained a mixture of ionic
compounds.

(a) Name the particles which carry the electric current through:

(i) the metal wires _________________________________________________

(1)

(ii) the solution. ____________________________________________________

(1)

(b) The table shows the ions in the solution.

Positive ions in the solution Negative ions in the solution

Zinc ion (Zn2+) Chloride ion (Cl–)

Iron(III) ion (Fe3+) Hydroxide ion (OH–)

Hydrogen ion (H+) Nitrate ion (NO3–)

Copper(II) ion (Cu2+) Sulfate ion (SO42–)

The reactivity series on the Data Sheet may help you to answer this question.

(i) Which element is most likely to be formed at the negative electrode?

______________________________________________________________
(1)

GEMS Winchester School Dubai Page 2 of 26

 (ii) Explain, as fully as you can, why you have chosen this element.

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________
(2)

(c) The electrolysis of sodium chloride solution is an industrial process.

(i) The reaction at one of the electrodes can be represented by the equation shown
below.

2Cl– → Cl2 + 2e–

The chloride ions (Cl–) are oxidised.

Explain why.

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________
(1)

(ii) The reaction at the other electrode can be represented by an equation.

Complete and balance the equation for the reaction at the other electrode.

H+ → H2

(1)
(Total 7 marks)

GEMS Winchester School Dubai Page 3 of 26

 Bordeaux Mixture controls some fungal infections on plants.
5.
A student wanted to make some Bordeaux Mixture.

(a) The student knew that calcium oxide could be made by heating limestone. Limestone
contains calcium carbonate, CaCO3.

(i) Write the word equation for this reaction.

______________________________________________________________
(1)

(ii) What type of reaction is this?

______________________________________________________________
(1)

(b) The student knew that copper sulphate, CuSO4, could be made by the following general
reaction.

acid + base → salt + water

(i) What type of reaction is this?

______________________________________________________________
(1)

(ii) The base used is copper oxide. Name and give the chemical formula of the acid
used.

Name ________________________________________________________

Chemical formula _______________________________________________

(2)

GEMS Winchester School Dubai Page 4 of 26

(c) The student wrote about how the copper sulphate was made.

“Some of the acid was warmed. Copper oxide was added. The mixture was stirred. More
copper oxide was added until no more would react. The mixture was then filtered.”

(i) Why was the acid warmed?

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________
(1)

(ii) Copper oxide was added until no more would react. Explain why.

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________
(2)

(iii) The filtration apparatus is shown.

Describe and explain what happens as the mixture is filtered.

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________
(2)
(Total 10 marks)

GEMS Winchester School Dubai Page 5 of 26

 Salts can be prepared by the reaction of acids with alkalis.
6.
(a) (i) The reactions of acids with alkalis can be represented by the equation below. Choose
a substance from the box to complete the equation.

carbon dioxide hydrogen oxygen water

acid + alkali → salt + _____________________________

(1)

(ii) Draw a ring around the word which best describes the reaction.

displacement neutralisation oxidation reduction

(1)

(b) Sodium sulphate is an important salt.

The table gives a list of some substances.

Put a tick ( ) next to the names of the acid and the alkali that would react to make sodium
sulphate.

Substances ( )

Hydrochloric acid

Nitric acid

Potassium sulphate

Sodium hydroxide

Sodium nitrate

Sulphuric acid

(2)
(Total 4 marks)

GEMS Winchester School Dubai Page 6 of 26

 Ammonium nitrate and potassium chloride are both salts. They can be made by neutralisation
7. reactions.

Choose substances from the box to complete the word equations for the formation of these
two salts.

ammonia hydrochloric acid nitric acid

potassium nitrate water potassium hydroxide

ammonia + ____________________ → ammonium nitrate + water

_________________ + hydrochloric acid → potassium chloride + _____________

(Total 3 marks)

The Periodic Table contains groups of elements that have similar chemical properties.
8.
(a) The halogens are in Group 7 of the Periodic Table.

(i) Complete the table. Iodine has been done for you.

Halogen Colour of vapour

chlorine

red-brown

iodine purple

(2)

(ii) Why do the halogens have similar chemical properties?

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________
(1)

(b) The alkali metals are in Group 1 of the Periodic Table. State what is formed when any alkali
metal reacts with water.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(2)
(Total 5 marks)

GEMS Winchester School Dubai Page 7 of 26

 This question is about acids and salts.
9.
(a) Nitric acid can be used to produce salts.

What is the formula of nitric acid?

✓) one box.
Tick (✓

CH3COOH

HNO3

H2SO4

(1)

(b) What is the symbol of the ion that makes solutions acidic?

_______________
(1)

(c) Name the salt produced when hydrochloric acid reacts with zinc oxide.

___________________________________________________________________
(1)

(d) Phosphoric acid (H3PO4) reacts with magnesium carbonate to produce a salt.

Complete the equation for the reaction.

You should balance the equation.

2 H3PO4 + ______ MgCO3 ⟶ Mg3(PO4)2 + _______ + _______

(2)

GEMS Winchester School Dubai Page 8 of 26

 (e) Plan a method to produce pure, dry crystals of copper sulfate from an insoluble metal oxide
and a dilute acid.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(6)
(Total 11 marks)

The elements in Group 1 are known as the alkali metals.

10.
Which three of the following are properties of alkali metals?

Place a tick ( ) in the box against each correct property.

Hard, tough and strong

Low density

Form hydroxides that dissolve in water

React quickly with water

Used as catalysts

Used to make electric cables

(Total 3 marks)

GEMS Winchester School Dubai Page 9 of 26

 The table shows some information about acids and alkalis.
11.
Name of acid Ions produced in Effect on Universal
Type pH
or alkali solution Indicator

Hydrochloric Strong H+ CI – 1 Goes red

acid acid

Sodium Strong Na+ OH – 13 Goes purple

hydroxide alkali

Use the information in the table to help you answer parts (a) and (b).

(a) Draw a ring around the correct answer to complete the sentences.

(i) Hydrochloric acid is acidic.

Cl–

This is because it contains H+ ions.

OH–

(1)

(ii) Sodium hydroxide solution is alkaline.

H+

This is because it contains Na+ ions.

OH–

(1)

(b) Hydrochloric acid is a stronger acid than ethanoic acid.

When Universal Indicator is added to solutions of these acids at the same concentration
the results are different.

Describe how the results would show that ethanoic acid is a weaker acid than hydrochloric
acid.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(2)

GEMS Winchester School Dubai Page 10 of 26

(c) Draw a ring around the correct answer to complete this sentence.

completely

Strong acids and strong alkalis are not ionised in water.

partially

(1)

(d) The diagram shows the apparatus used to find the volume of hydrochloric acid that reacts
with 25.0 cm3 of sodium hydroxide solution.

(i) Which one of the following is the correct name for A?

Draw a ring around your answer.

beaker conical flask pipette

(1)

(ii) Use the correct word from the box to complete the sentence.

distillation filtration titration

(1)

The method used to find the volume of acid that reacts with a known volume

of alkali is called__________________________________________
(1)

GEMS Winchester School Dubai Page 11 of 26

 (iii) Suggest one way to make the results more reliable.

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________
(1)
(Total 8 marks)

Lithium is in Group 1 of the periodic table.

12.
Lithium reacts with water to produce a gas and an alkaline solution.

(a) (i) Name the gas produced.

______________________________________________________________
(1)

(ii) Which ion causes the solution to be alkaline?

______________________________________________________________
(1)

(b) Potassium is also in Group 1 of the periodic table.

Potassium reacts with water in a similar way to lithium.

Write down two differences you would see between the reactions of potassium and lithium
with water.

1. _________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

2. _________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(2)
(Total 4 marks)

GEMS Winchester School Dubai Page 12 of 26

 This question is about acids, bases and salts.
13.
(a) Metal oxides and hydroxides are bases.

What are soluble hydroxides called?

✓) one box.
Tick (✓

Alcohols

Alkalis

Alkenes

Esters

(1)

(b) Acids react with bases to produce salts.

Name the acid used to produce copper nitrate.

___________________________________________________________________
(1)

Zinc chloride solution can be produced by reacting zinc oxide with hydrochloric acid.

(c) The equation for the reaction to produce zinc chloride solution is:

ZnO(s) + 2 HCl(aq) → ZnCl2( ______ ) + H2O( ______ )

Complete the equation by adding state symbols.
(1)

GEMS Winchester School Dubai Page 13 of 26

(d) A student produced zinc chloride solution by reacting zinc oxide with hydrochloric acid.

This is the method used.

1 Add 50 cm3 of hydrochloric acid to a beaker.

2 Warm the hydrochloric acid.

3 Add excess zinc oxide to the hydrochloric acid and stir the mixture.

Explain how zinc chloride solution can be obtained from the mixture.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(2)

(e) Zinc chloride can also be produced by reacting zinc carbonate with hydrochloric acid.

The equation for the reaction is:

ZnCO3 + 2 HCl → ZnCl2 + H2O + CO2

Calculate the maximum mass of zinc chloride that can be produced from 25.0 g of zinc
carbonate.

Relative formula masses (Mr): ZnCO3 = 125 ZnCl2 = 136

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

Maximum mass of zinc chloride produced = ______________ g

(3)
(Total 8 marks)

GEMS Winchester School Dubai Page 14 of 26

 The table shows some information about acids and alkalis.
14.
Name of acid Ions produced in Effect on Universal
Type pH
or alkali solution Indicator

Strong
Hydrochloric acid H+ Cl– 1 Goes red
acid

Strong
Sodium hydroxide Na+ OH– 13 Goes purple
alkali

Use the information in the table to help you answer parts (a) and (b).

(a) Draw a ring around the correct answer to complete each sentence.

(i) Hydrochloric acid is acidic.

Cl-

This is because it contains H+ ions

OH-

(1)

(ii) Sodium hydroxide solution is alkaline.

H+

This is because it contains Na+ ions

OH-

(1)

higher than

(iii) The pH of acids is lower than the pH of alkalis.

the same as

(1)

GEMS Winchester School Dubai Page 15 of 26

(b) Ethanoic acid is a weak acid.

Universal Indicator can be used to show that hydrochloric acid is a stronger acid than
ethanoic acid of the same concentration.

Explain how.

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________
(2)

(c) Draw a ring around the correct answer to complete this sentence.

completely

Strong acids and strong alkalis are not ionised in water.

partially

(1)

GEMS Winchester School Dubai Page 16 of 26

(d) The diagram shows the apparatus used to find the volume of hydrochloric acid that reacts
with 25.0 cm3 of sodium hydroxide solution.

(i) Which one of the following is the correct name for A?

Draw a ring around your answer.

beaker conical flask pipette

(1)

(ii) Use the correct word from the box to complete the sentence.

distillation filtration titration

The method used to find the volume of acid that reacts with a known volume

of alkali is __________________________________ .
(1)

(iii) Suggest one way to make the results more reliable.

______________________________________________________________
(1)
(Total 9 marks)

GEMS Winchester School Dubai Page 17 of 26

Mark schemes
(i) sulphuric acid / H2SO4
1.
accept sulfuric 1 for one mark
1

(ii) exothermic
for one mark
1

(iii) Na2SO4 / (Na)2SO4 / Na2(SO4) / (Na+)2SO42–

for one mark
lower case O(Na2SO4) not accepted / tops of subscripted letters
should be in line or lower than lower case letters of symbols
1
[3]

(i) carbon dioxide (allow CO2)

2.
for 1 mark
1

(ii) sodium nitrate (accept correct formula)

for 1 mark
1
[2]

sodium nitrate
3. 1

NaNO3
do not credit lower case N or O, upper case A
1

potassium sulphate
1

K2SO4
accept potassium hydrogen sulphate or KHSO4
do not credit lower case K, S or O
ignore charges on ions
1
[4]

(a) (i) electron(s)

4.
allow free / delocalised / negative electrons
do not accept additional particles
1

GEMS Winchester School Dubai Page 18 of 26

 (ii) ion(s)
allow named ions from table
ignore positive or negative
do not accept additional particles
1

(b) (i) copper

accept Cu
do not accept Cu2+
1

(ii) it is / they are positive (ions)

accept formula of positive ion
1

and it is the least reactive

1

(c) (i) loss of electron(s)

ignore numbers
1

(ii) 2H+ + 2e– → H2

accept correct multiples / fractions
accept e / e–
allow 2H+ → H2 – 2e–
1
[7]

(a) (i)
5.
calcium → calcium + carbon
carbonate oxide dioxide

accept CaO3 → CaO + CO2

1

(ii) (thermal) decomposition

accept endothermic
accept reversible
1

(b) (i) neutralisation

accept exothermic
1

(ii) sulphuric (acid) H2SO4

2

GEMS Winchester School Dubai Page 19 of 26

 (c) (i) to speed up the reaction
accept to increase the rate of reaction or to increase the number or
rate of collisions
do not accept “dissolves” copper oxide faster
1

(ii) all acid reacts

accept there will be no acid left or acid used up
1

acid is neutralised (for 2 marks)

do not accept to form a concentrated or saturated solution
1

(excess) copper oxide collects in filter paper

accept larger particles (of copper oxide) cannot pass through filter
paper
1

copper sulphate solution passes through the filter paper

accept dissolved copper sulphate passes through filter paper or
smaller particles (of copper sulphate) in solution (liquid) pass
through filter paper
accept (black) solid collects in filter paper and filtrate or soluble
solid or (blue) solution (liquid) passes through filter paper for 1 mark
only
1
[10]

(a) (i) water

6.
accept H2O
accept correct ringed answer in box
1

(ii) neutralisation
accept underlining or any indication, eg tick
1

(b) sodium hydroxide

1

sulphuric acid
apply list principletotal
1
[4]

GEMS Winchester School Dubai Page 20 of 26

 nitric acid
7. 1

potassium hydroxide
1

water
1
[3]

(a) (i) green

8.
accept ‘green-yellow’ but not ‘yellow’ alone
1

bromine or Br or Br2
do not accept bromide
1

(ii) same number of electrons in outer energy level or accept shell for
energy level

7 electrons in outer shell

accept need to gain 1 electron
1

(b) any two from:

• hydrogen or H2
do not accept gas given off or fizzes

• heat
accept exothermic
do not accept flame

• alkaline solution
accept (metal) hydroxide or NaOH or OH–
do not accept dissolves or forms a solution or floating
accept balanced chemical equation for 2 marks
2
[5]

(a) HNO3
9. 1

(b) H+
1

(c) zinc chloride

allow ZnCl2
1

GEMS Winchester School Dubai Page 21 of 26

 (d) 2 H3PO4 + 3 MgCO3 ⟶ Mg3(PO4)2 + 3 H2O + 3 CO2
allow 1 mark for H2O + CO2
2

(e) Level 3: The plan would lead to the production of a valid outcome. The key steps are
identified and logically sequenced.
5-6

Level 2: The plan would not necessarily lead to a valid outcome. Most steps are
identified, but the method is not fully logically sequenced.
3-4

Level 1: The plan would not lead to a valid outcome. Some relevant steps are
identified, but links are not made clear.
1-2

No relevant content
0

Indicative content
• use copper oxide and sulfuric acid
• add a measured volume of sulfuric acid to a beaker
• warm sulfuric acid
• add copper oxide
• stir
• continue adding until copper oxide is in excess
• filter
• using a filter paper and funnel
• to remove excess copper oxide
• heat solution in an evaporating basin
• to crystallisation point
• leave to crystallise
• pat dry with filter paper

credit may be given for diagrams

[11]

low density
10. 1

form hydroxides that dissolve in water

1

react quickly with water

four ticks – max 2 marks
five ticks – max 1 mark
all boxes ticked – 0 marks
1
[3]

(a) (i) H+
11. 1

(ii) OH–
1
GEMS Winchester School Dubai Page 22 of 26
 (b) with ethanoic acid:
‘it’ refers to ethanoic acid

UI goes Orange/yellow
1

but HCl goes red/pink

1

or

ethanoic acid has pH 4 or above but less than 7 (1)

but HCl has a pH3 / or lower (1)

(c) completely
1

(d) (i) conical flask

1

(ii) titration
1

(iii) repeat
or
take average
allow compare with another student's results
1
[8]

(a) (i) hydrogen

12.
accept H2
allow H
1

(ii) hydroxide
accept OH–
allow OH
do not accept lithium hydroxide
1

GEMS Winchester School Dubai Page 23 of 26

 (b) any two from:
‘it’ = potassium

potassium:
accept converse for lithium

• reacts / dissolves faster

allow reacts more vigorously / quickly / violently / explodes
ignore reacts more

• bubbles / fizzes faster

allow fizzes more
allow more gas

• moves faster (on the surface)

allow moves more

• melts
allow forms a sphere

• produces (lilac / purple) flame

allow catches fire / ignites
do not accept other colours
2
[4]

(a) alkalis
13. 1

(b) nitric acid

allow HNO3
1

(c) ZnO(s) + 2HCl(aq) → ZnCl2(aq) + H2O(l)

1

(d) filter (the mixture)

1

to remove excess zinc oxide

1

GEMS Winchester School Dubai Page 24 of 26

 (e)

(mass of ZnCl2 =) 0.2 × 136

allow correct use of an incorrectly calculated value for
moles of ZnCO3
1

= 27.2 (g)
1
[8]

(a) (i) H+
14. 1

(ii) OH–
1

(iii) lower than

1

(b) with HCl:

UI goes red / pink

allow a comparison eg redder than ethanoic acid
1

has a pH 0 ,1 ,2 or 3
allow a comparison eg has pH less than ethanoic acid.
do not accept an incorrect pH.

or

with ethanoic acid:

UI goes orange / yellow (1)

allow a comparison with HCl

has a pH 4 / or above (but less than 7) (1)

allow a comparison with HCl
1

(c) completely
1

(d) (i) conical flask

1

(ii) titration
1

GEMS Winchester School Dubai Page 25 of 26

(iii) repeat
allow compare with another students results

or

take average
1
[9]

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