Created by T.

Madas

D OPERATOR

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Summary of D Operator
Basic Definitions

d
• D{ }≡ ( ),
dx

or depending on the independent variable

d d d
D{ }≡ ( ), D{ }≡ ( ), D{ }≡ ( ) etc
dt dy du

d2 d3 d4
• D2 { }≡ 2( )
, D3 ≡ 3{ }
, D4 { }≡ ( ) etc
dx dx dx 4

• ( aD2 + bD + c ){ f ( x )} ≡ aD2 { f ( x )} + bD { f ( x )} + c{ f ( x )}
 1  −1
•  2
 aD + bD + c 
2
(
 { f ( x )} ≡ aD + bD + c ) { f ( x )}

∫
1
• { } ≡ ( ) dx
D

D Operations on Simple Functions

• { }
 f ( D )  e kx ≡ ekx  f ( k ) 

• { }
 f ( D )  e kx V ( x ) ≡ ekx  f ( D + k )  {V ( x )}

•  f D 2  {sin kx} ≡  f −k 2  sin kx

( ) ( )
   

•  f D 2  {cos kx} ≡  f − k 2  cos kx

( ) ( )
   

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

GENERAL PRACTICE

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 Created by T. Madas

Question 1
Simplify each of the following expressions.

a) D 2 {sin 2 x} .

b) ( D + 3){e2 x } .

{ }
c) D5 e −2 x .

1 3x
d)
D
{ }
e .

−4sin 2x , 5e 2 x , −32 e−2 x , 1 e3 x + C

3

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 2
Simplify each of the following expressions.

a) ( D2 + 2D + 2 ){e3x } .
b) ( D2 + 2D + 2){x2 e3x } .
c) ( D2 + 2D + 2){sin 2 x} .

( )
17 e3 x , 17 x 2 + 16 x + 2 e3 x , 4cos 2 x − 2sin 2 x

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 3

f ( D ) = D2 − 4D + 3 .

d
Show directly, by the definition of the D operator as D ≡ ( ) , that
dx

{ }
f ( D ) e kx = f ( k ) ekx .

proof

Question 4

1
g ( D) = 2
.
D − 4D + 3

d
Show directly, by the definition of the D operator as D ≡ ( ) , that
dx

1 kx
{ }
f ( D ) e kx =
f (k )
e ,

where k is a constant.

proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 5

f ( D ) = 2D2 − D + 1 .

d
Show directly, by the definition of the D operator as D ≡ ( ) , that
dx

{ }
f ( D ) e kx V ( x ) = ekx f ( D + k ) {V ( x )} ,

where V ( x ) is a smooth function of x and k is a constant.

MM1D , proof

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 6
Simplify each of the following expressions.

1
a)
D 2
+ 4D + 3
{30e−2 x } .

1
b) 2 {30sin 2 x} .
D + 4D + 3

1
c)
D 2
+ 4D + 4
{30 x 2 e −2 x } .

1
d) 2 {30} .
D + 4D + 4

1
e) 2 {30} .
D + 2D

MM1B , −30 e−2 x , − 6 [8cos 2 x + sin 2 x ] , 5 x 4 e−2 x , 15 , 15 x

13 2 2

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 7
Simplify each of the following expressions.

1
a)
D 2
− 4D + 3
{e2 x } .

1
b)
D 2
− 4D + 3
{e3 x } .

1
c) 2 {sin 2 x} .
D − 4D + 3

1
d) 2 {cos x} .
D +1

MM1E , − e2 x , 1 x e3 x , 1 [8cos 2 x − sin 2 x ] , 1 x sin x

2 65 2

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 8
Simplify each of the following expressions.

1
a)
D 2
− 4D + 4
{e2 x } .

1
b)
D 2
− 4D + 4
{e x sin 2 x} .

1
c)
D 2
+ 2D + 2
{ x 2 e− x } .

1
d) 2 {sin 4 x} .
D + 16

( )
1 x 2 e2 x , − e x sin 2 x , e − x x 2 − 2 , − 1 x cos 4 x
2 8

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 9
Simplify each of the following expressions.

1
a)
D 2
− 2D + 2
{e − x cos 2 x} .

1
b)
D 2
+ 2D − 8
{e2 x } .

1
c) 2 {sin 2 x} .
D +4

1 e− x [ cos 2 x − 8sin 2 x ] , 1 x e 2 x , − 1 x cos 2 x

65 8 4

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 10
Simplify each of the following expressions.

1
a)
D 2
− 2D + 2
{ x2 } .

1
b)
D 2
− 2D + 2
{ x 2 e3 x } .

1 x 2 + x + 1 , 1 e3 x  25 x 2 − 40 x + 22 
2 2 125  

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

O.D.E.s APPLICATIONS

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 Created by T. Madas

Question 1
Use D operator techniques, to find the general solution of the following differential
equation

d2y dy
−4 + 3 y = e4 x .
dx 2 dx

MM1A , y = A e3 x + B e x + 1 e 4 x
3

Question 2
Use D operator techniques, to find the general solution of the following differential
equation

d2y dy
2
+4 + 4 y = e −3 x .
dx dx

y = ( A + Bx ) e− x + e−3 x

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 3
Use D operator techniques, to find the general solution of the following differential
equation

d2y dy
+4 + 5 y = 2e −2 x .
dx 2 dx

y = e −2 x [ A cos x + B sin x ] + 2e−2 x

Question 4
Use D operator techniques, to find the general solution of the following differential
equation

d2y dy
2
−7 + 12 y = 30e 2 x .
dx dx

y = A e3 x + B e 4 x + 15e2 x

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 5
Use D operator techniques, to find the general solution of the following differential
equation

d2y dy
−3 + 2 y = 40sin 2 x .
dx 2 dx

y = A e 2 x + B e x + 6cos 2 x + sin 2 x

Question 6
Use D operator techniques, to find the general solution of the following differential
equation

d2y dy
4 2
+4 + y = 97 cos3x .
dx dx

− 12 x
y = ( Ax + B ) e + 12 sin 3 x − 35 cos3 x
13 13

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 7
Use D operator techniques, to find the general solution of the following differential
equation

d2y dy
−2 + 10 y = 37 cos3 x .
dx 2 dx

y = e x ( A cos3x + B sin 3x ) + cos 3x − 6sin 3x

Question 8
Use D operator techniques, to find the general solution of the following differential
equation

d2y dy
2
+6 + 5 y = 18e2 x sin 3 x .
dx dx

y = A e −5 x + B e− x − 1 e x [15cos3x + 6sin 3x ]
29

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 9
Use D operator techniques, to find the general solution of the following differential
equation

d2y
2
− y = 12 x 2 e x .
dx

y = A e x + B e− x + e x  2 x3 − 3x 2 + 3x 
 

Question 10
Use D operator techniques, to find the general solution of the following differential
equation

d2y
2
− 4 y = e2 x .
dx

y = A e 2 x + B e−2 x + 1 x e 2 x
4

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 11
Use D operator techniques, to find the general solution of the following differential
equation

d2y dy
−8 + 16 y = 30 x 4 e4 x .
dx 2 dx

y = A e 4 x + Bx e 4 x + x 6 e4 x

Created by T. Madas
 Created by T. Madas

Question 12
Find the general solution of the following differential equation.

d 2 y dy
2
− − 6 y = 10e−2 x ,
dx dx

a) ... by using D-operator techniques only.

b) ... by using the substitution Y = ( D + 2 ) y , in a method involving D-operator

techniques only.

MM1C , y = A e3 x + B e−2 x − 2 x e−2 x

Created by T. Madas