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ISSN: 2224-0616
Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 11(1): 109-116, June 2021 Available online at https://ijarit.webs.com
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3329/ijarit.v11i1.54473 https://www.banglajol.info/index.php/IJARIT
Effectiveness of local microorganisms (LMO) coconut pulp on composting time

Darwel*, R. Selvia, F. Fadillah, Mahaza and E. Zicof
Received 30 April 2021, Revised 18 May 2021, Accepted 23 June 2021, Published online 30 June 2021
ABSTRACT
Compost can be used to reduce waste, it formed naturally, but it will take a long time,
around 6-12 months. Bioactivators accelerate composting process; one of them is a solution
of LMO (Local Microorganism) coconut pulp. The purpose of this study to determine the
effectiveness of LMO coconut pulp for the composting time. The method in this research is
quasi-experimental. This study consists of 3 treatments with 5 replications. Treatment 1
composting with the addition of LMO coconut pulp 50,000 ppm; treatment 2 composting
with the addition of LMO coconut pulp 100,000 ppm; treatment 3 composting with the
addition of LMO coconut pulp 200,000 ppm. The materials used in this study are vegetables
and sawdust and the composting process carried out aerobically. From the observations, the
average time to compile with LMO coconut pulp 50,000 ppm is 21.00 (21 days), 100,000
ppm 18.60 (19 days) and 200,000 ppm 18.20 (18 days). Based on the ANOVA test, the p
value is 0.0001 (p <0.05) which means that H0 rejected, that there is a significant difference
in composting time using LMO coconut pulp 50,000 ppm, 100,000 ppm, and 200,000 ppm.
The most significant difference is between compost with LMO coconut pulp 50,000 ppm
and compost with LMO coconut pulp 200,000 ppm. It is recommended for the further
researchers using other types of waste, and test the quality of compost produced especially
C/N compost. The community can use coconut pulp as a bioactivator in accelerating the
composting process.
Keywords: Waste, Composting, LMO Coconut Pulp, Composting Time.
Environmental Health Department, Health Polytechnic Ministry of Health Padang, Sumatera Barat, Indonesia.
*Corresponding author’s email: welpiero1@gmail.com (Darwel)
Cite this article as: Darwel, Selvia, R., Fadillah, F, Mahaza and Zicof, E. 2021. Effectiveness of local
microorganisms (LMO) coconut pulp on composting time. Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 11(1): 109-116.
https://doi.org/10.3329/ijarit.v11i1.54473
Introduction
Based on data from the Ministry of Environment is a will and a little creativity; one example is by
and Forestry, Indonesia produced up to 65 processing waste into compost. Compost
million tons of waste in 2016, and increased by 1 produced from organic waste can be used to
million tons from the previous year. The type of fertilize plants because compost has been proven
waste dominantly organic waste, which reaches to help improve soil fertility and increase crop
around 60 percent and plastic waste that reaches production. Not only that, in addition to its own
15 percent of total waste, especially in urban use, the compost produced can be sold because
areas (Kurnia, 2019). the demand on the market is quite high
Garbage is still a problem that worries the (Suwahyono, 2015).
community and is one of the causes of Composting is the process of weathering organic
environmental damage (Hamidah, 2018). materials biologically by microbes (Purwendro
Garbage piles can produce a dangerous liquid and Nurhidayat, 2011). The success of making
called leachate (Badan Pusat Statistik, 2018). compost can be judged by the length of time of
Garbage is still a classic problem for every composting, the faster the compost is producing
country, including Indonesia. Along with the higher the success rate. In fact, compost can
population growth and technological form naturally, but it will take quite a long time,
development, the type and volume of waste has which is 2-3 months. In fact, some reach 6-12
also increases. Waste that is not managed months, depending on the organic material used.
properly often pollutes the environment. Therefore, various treatments need to be applied
However, the resulting waste can still be to speed up the composting time (Suwahyono,
processed into something useful as long as there 2015).
International Journal of Agricultural Research Innovation & Technology An open access article under
Darwel et al. (2021) Effectiveness of local microorganisms (LMO) coconut pulp on composting time
utilized by coconut milk seller, from 1 coconut

There are several things that must be consider to milk production site, the resulting pulp is average
accelerate the composting process, including the one sack of rice or about 30 kg day-1.
selection of bioactivators, the use of composters,
and the regulation of composting conditions. By Dries coconut pulp (fat free) contains 93%
paying attention to these things, composting carbohydrates consisting of: 61% galactomannan,
process accelerated from the usual 2-3 months to 26% manosa and 13% cellulose. Research
2-3 weeks, depending on the basic ingredients. In conducted by Pamungkas et al. (2018) who found
addition to shorten composting time, good the presence of cellulotic bacteria in coconut
quality compost also needs to be considered. dregs that can produce cellulase enzymes, which
Therefore, choosing the type of raw material are one of the hydrolytic enzymes that are
must carefully because it will greatly affect the important in the degradation of organic wastes
quality of compost (Suwahyono, 2015). (Pamungkas et al., 2018).
One of the bioactivators in composting is a From the description above, the authors are
solution of LMO (Local Microorganisms). LMO interested in making MOL from coconut pulp,
solution is a liquid made from natural organic which is use as a bioactivator in the composting
ingredients. LMO solution contains a collection process. The purpose of this study is to figure out
of microorganisms that help speed up the process the length of composting time with local
of decomposition of organic matter to shorten the microorganisms (MOL) of coconut dregs. And to
composting time. Basically, MOL solution can be know the difference of MOL of Coconut Dregs
made by you from a variety of organic materials, concentration of 50,000 ppm, 100,000 ppm, and
provided that the material is preferred and can be 200,000 ppm to the length of composting.
used as a growing medium for microorganisms
(Suwahyono, 2015). Research Methodology
Many studies regarding the use of MOL as a The method used in this research is quasi-
bioactivator in composting. Among them is a experimental. This research consisted of 3
study conducted by Royaeni et al. (2014) wh0 treatments. Each treatment consisted of 5
obtained the average length of time of composters. First treatment composting with the
composting organic waste using stale rice MOL addition of MOL coconut pulp 50,000 ppm,
was 13 days and using cassava tapai MOL was 10 second treatment composting with the addition
days (Royaeni et al., 2014). Whereas, Lubis of MOL coconut pulp 100,000 ppm, third
(2017) found 18 days for MOL tapai cassava and treatment composting with the addition of MOL
20 days for rice. coconut pulp 200,000 ppm. The materials used
in this study are vegetables and sawdust and the
Coconut is a fruit that has many benefits, so composting process is carried out aerobically.
many people use coconut as a raw material for The type of research data is primary data. Data
making various products, such as coconut milk obtained from observations during composting.
sellers who only use coconut to take coconut Data were processed by computerization. The
milk, restaurants that only take coconut milk as analysis was carried out bivariately with ANOVA
one of the ingredients in food processing, and test to get a picture of the difference in time of
also households that do not have livestock tend to compost maturity and from composting with
only discard coconut pulp so that it becomes MOL of coconut pulp with different
waste in the environment (Gultom, 2017). After a concentrations. The instrument used in this study
survey was conducted at the Nanggalo Market in was in the form of an observation table (Table 1).
Padang, still found coconut pulp that is not
Table 1. Operational definitions of this study.
No Variable Operational Definition measuring How to measuring measuring
instrument measure results scale
1. Local Products produced 1. Scale Weigh the 1. 50.000 Interval
Microorganism from the fermentation 2. Measu coconut pulp ppm
(LMO) coconut process of coconut ring and put it in 1 2. 100.000
Pulp pulp are propagated cup liter of ppm
with natural solution. 3. 200.00
ingredients that 0 ppm
contain carbohydrates
(sugars), protein,
minerals, and vitamins
2. Length of The length of the Calender Observation Number of Interval
composting process of overhauling days
time the organic material
by microbes to mature
compost.
Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 11(1): 109-116, June 2021 110
Results
Observation results of physical properties during composting
Temperature
This is a graph of change in average temperature during composting.
Fig. 1. Average temperature of composting.

Based on the graph, composting with MOL of with an average of 34.14ºC. Meanwhile,
Coconut Pulp 50,000 ppm has the highest composting with MOL of Coconut Pulp 200,000
temperature on the 9th day with an average of ppm has the highest temperature on the 6th day,
34.74ºC. Composting with MOL Pulp 100,000 37.12ºC.
ppm has the highest temperature on the 6th day
pH
Fig.2. Graph of average pH during composting.

From the graph, it can be seen that during the composting process the pH has increased, which is
from acidic to neutral and alkaline conditions.
Moisture
Fig.3. Graph of average moisture during composting.

Smell, Color and Texture
The following are the results of physical observations during composting.
Table 2. Physical observation results (odor, color, and texture) during composting.
Days to- Treatment
Treatment 1 Treatment 2 Treatment 3
3 Typical vegetable, green, Typical vegetable, green, Typical vegetable,
rough rough green, rough
6 A little smell, brownish green, Typical Vegetable, Typical vegetable,
a little subtle brownish green, slightly brownish green,
smooth slightly smooth
9 A little smell, greenish brown, Typical Vegetable, Typical Vegetable,
a little subtle greenish brown, slightly greenish brown,
smooth slightly smooth
12 A little smelly, blackish brown, Little Smell, blackish Little Smell, blackish
smooth but still a little rough brown, smooth but still a brown, smooth but still
little rough a little rough
15 A little smelly, blackish brown, Land odor, blackish Land odor, blackish
smooth but still a little rough brown, smooth but still a brown, smooth but still
little rough a little rough
18 Land odor, blackish brown, Land odor, blackish, Land odor, blackish,
smooth but still a little rough smooth but still a little like the ground but still
rough a little rough
21 Land odor, blackish brown, Land odor, blackish, like Land odor, blackish,
smooth but still a little rough the ground but still a little like the ground but still
24 Smell the Land, Blackish, Like Land odor, blackish, like Land odor, blackish,
the Land but still a little rough the ground but still a little like the ground but still
Characteristics of compost produced

After composting is complete, compost is produced with the following characteristics.
Table 3. Characteristics of compost produced.
Treatment Temperature Humidity pH Smell, Color and Texture
T1CA 29.5 39% 6.9 Soil odor, blackish, like the ground but
still a little rough
T1CB 29.3 38% 6.9 Soil odor, blackish, like the ground but
T1CC 29.8 35% 7.2 Soil odor, blackish, like the ground but
T1CD 30.0 37% 6.8 Soil odor, blackish, like the ground but
T1CE 30.0 38% 6.9 Soil odor, blackish brown, like earth but
T2CB 29.9 39% 7.2 Soil odor, blackish brown, like earth but
T2CD 29.5 43% 6.8 Soil odor, blackish, like the ground but
T2CE 30.0 34% 6.8 Soil odor, blackish, like the ground but
T3CB 29.7 38% 6.9 Soil odor, blackish, like the ground but
T3CD 29.1 36% 7.2 Soil odor, blackish brown, like earth but
T3CE 29.2 37% 7.1 Soil odor, blackish, like the ground but
Composting time
The observation of composting time using MOL of coconut pulp 50,000 ppm, 100,000 ppm and
200,000 ppm presented in Table 4.
Table 4. Composting time with MOL Coconut pulp concentration of 50,000 ppm, 100,000 ppm,
200,000 ppm.
Composter Treatment
Treatment 1 Treatment 2 Treatment 3
(50.000 ppm) (100.000 ppm) (200.000 ppm)
Composter A 21 days 18 days 18 days
Composter B 21 days 19 days 18 days
Composter C 21 days 19 days 19 days
Composter D 21 days 18 days 18 days
Composter E 21 days 19 days 18 days
Average 21 18.6 18.2
Based on table 4, the fastest time of composting days), and the longest time is in treatment 1
with MOL of Coconut Pulp is found in treatment (50,000 ppm), with an average of 21 days.
3 (200,000 ppm), with an average of 18.2 (18
Table 5. ANOVA test results of composting time using LMO of coconut pulp concentration of 50,000
ppm, 100,000 ppm, 200,000 ppm.
Variable N Mean SD Std Minimum Maximum p Value
Error
LMO Coconut Pulp 5 21.00 0.0001 0.0001 21 21 0.0001
50.000 ppm
LMO Coconut Pulp 5 18.60 0.548 0.245 18 19
100.000 ppm
LMO Coconut Pulp 5 18.20 0.447 0.200 18 19
200.000 ppm
Total 15 19.27 1.335 0.345 18 24
Table 5 shows that the ANOVA test p value is using MOL coconut pulp concentration of 50,000
0.0001 (p <0.05) therefore H0 is rejected, there ppm, 100,000 ppm, and 200,000 ppm.
is a significant difference in composting time
Table 6. LSD test results of composting time using LMO coconut pulp concentration of 50,000 ppm,
100,000 ppm, and 200,000 ppm.
Duration of Combined Composting Time
LSD
(I) Compost (J) Compost Mean Std. Error Sig.
Difference (I-J)
Compost with 50,000 Compost with 100,000 2.400* 0.258 0.0001
ppm Coconut Pulp LMO ppm Coconut pulp LMO
Compost with 200,000 2.800* 0.258 0.0001
ppm Coconut Pulp LMO
Compost with 100,000 Compost with 50,000 ppm -2.400* 0.258 0.0001
ppm Coconut pulp LMO Coconut Pulp LMO
Compost with 200,000 0.400 0.258 0.1470
ppm Coconut Pulp LMO
Compost with 200,000 Compost with 50,000 ppm -2.800* 0.258 0.0001
ppm Coconut Pulp LMO Coconut Pulp LMO
Compost with 100,000 -0.400 0.258 0.1470
ppm Coconut pulp LMO
*The mean difference is significant at the 0.05 level.
The most significant difference is between conditions. This is because the production of
compost with MOL Coconut pulp 50,000 ppm ammonia from nitrogen-containing compounds
and compost with MOL Coconut pulp 200,000 derived from vegetables (Yulianto et al., 2009).
ppm.
Humidity
Discussion The highest humidity occurs in composting with
Temperature MOL of Coconut Pulp 50,000 ppm which reaches
66.20%. Humidity greater than 60% will decrease
From the research conducted, the temperature oxygen supply and nutrients are leached,
during composting is less than 40ºC, this shows consequently microbial activity will also decrease.
that the bacteria that work during composting are Decreased microbial activity will cause the
mesophilic bacteria. The temperature increased composting process to run slower. However, this
faster in treatment 3 (200,000 ppm) which on can be overcome by reversing the compost pile,
the 3rd day the temperature obtained was 34.12 ° so that air can supply oxygen for the composting
C which was higher than treatment 1 (50,000 process and reduce the moisture of the material
ppm) and treatment 2 (100,000 ppm) which only (Yulianto et al., 2009). In the following days,
has an average temperature of 31.78ºC and from 66.20% to 63.40% on the 12th day, and from
33.22ºC. According to Yulianto et al. (2009), the 63.40% to 55.80% on the 15th day, and likewise in
higher the temperature, the more oxygen the following days the humidity drops until the
consumption will be and the faster the compost has matured.
decomposition process will be.
Composting time
pH
The duration of composting in this study was
Based on Figure 2. The pH during composting influenced by the addition of MOL of Coconut
has increased from acidic to neutral or basic Pulp, in which each treatment was given different
concentrations of 50,000 ppm for treatment 1, can be an alternative for solving problems
and 100,000 ppm for treatment 2, and 200,000 garbage with the composting method. In
ppm for treatment 3. Each treatment consisted of addition, the community can do composting
5 composters. The amount of MOL used is 200 using this MOL by utilizing organic materials in
ml in 5 kg of waste, which is given at the the surrounding environment to reduce waste.
beginning of composting. After the composting
process was observed every 3 days to measure the Conclusions and Suggestions
temperature, humidity, pH and physical form of The average time to compile with MOL Coconut
the compost, it was found that the fastest pulp concentration of 50,000 ppm is 21 days with
compost was 200,000 ppm MOL compost, which a standard deviation of 0,0001. The average
was 18 days, while the longest was 50,000 ppm length of composting time with MOL of Coconut
that was 21 days. Pulp concentration of 100,000 ppm is 18.60 (19
The criteria for future compost in this study are days) with a standard deviation of 0.548.
based on SNI 19-7030-2004 where the mature Meanwhile, the average length of composting
compost does not exceed 30ºC, the humidity time with MOL Coconut Pulp concentration of
does not exceed 50%, the minimum pH is 6.80 200,000 ppm was 18.20 (18 days) with a
and the maximum is 7.49, the color is blackish standard deviation of 0.447. Based on the
brown or blackish, and texture and smell like soil ANOVA test, the p value was 0.0001 (p <0.05)
(Standar Nasional Indonesia, 2004). which means that H0 was rejected, there was a
significant difference in composting time using
Composting with MOL Coconut pulp is effective MOL coconut pulp concentration of 50,000 ppm,
in accelerating the composting process, which in 100,000 ppm, and 200,000 ppm. The most
this study; the higher the concentration given, the significant difference is between compost with
faster the composting process occurs. This is MOL Coconut pulp 50,000 ppm and compost
because the content of cellulotic bacteria found in with MOL Coconut pulp 200,000 ppm.
coconut dregs can produce cellulase enzymes,
which are one of the hydrolytic enzymes that are Other researchers should try other organic
important in the degradation of organic waste materials with MOL of Coconut Pulp in the
(Pamungkas et al., 2018). composting process. To avoid high humidity
when composting, it is recommended that before
In fact, compost form naturally, but it will take composting the organic material is dry. Take
quite a long time, which is 2-3 months. In fact, measurements of the quality of compost
some have reached 6-12 months (Suwahyono, produced, especially C/N compost. For people
2015) .However, using this Coconut Pulp MOL, who want to process organic waste into compost
composting can be shortened, which in this study in a fast time, they can use bioactivators whose
the fastest time obtained was 18 days on ingredients are easily obtained, one of which is
composting with a concentration of 200,000 this Coconut Pulp MOL.
ppm of Coconut Pulp. However, composting with
coconut pulp MOL runs longer when compared Acknowledgements
with research conducted by Royaeni et al. (2014), This study was conducted without any funding,
that composting with MOL of Stale Rice and and the authors have no competing interests.
Tapai Cassava runs faster, namely 13 days and 10
days. However, even so the quality of compost References
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Effectiveness of local microorganisms (LMO) coconut pulp on composting time

utilized by coconut milk seller, from 1 coconut

Fig. 1. Average temperature of composting.

Fig.2. Graph of average pH during composting.

Fig.3. Graph of average moisture during composting.

Characteristics of compost produced

Hamidah, L. 2018. Teknologi Pengolahan https://books.google.co.id/books?id=AqKp7QXl

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