MATHEMATICS

QUARTER 4
Week 7

Capsulized Self-Learning
Empowerment Toolkit

Schools Division Office of Zamboanga City

Region IX, Zamboanga Peninsula
Zamboanga City

“Unido, Junto avanza con el EduKalidad Cree, junto junto puede!”

Shirly V. Gajilomo
Teacher I
Talon-Talon National High School
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SUBJECT &
GRADE LEVEL MATHEMATICS 9
QUARTER FOURTH WEEK 7 DAY mm/dd/yyyy
TOPIC Law of Cosines
LEARNING
The learner illustrates Law of Cosines. (M9GE-IVf-g-1)
COMPETENCY
IMPORTANT: Do not write anything on this material. Write your answers on separate
sheets.

UNDERSTAND
Law of Cosines
Oblique triangles can also be solved using the law of cosines.
LAW of COSINES
In any ΔABC, the square of the length of one side is equal to the
sum of the squares of the other two sides minus the product of
twice the two sides and the cosine of the angle between them.
In symbols,
𝑎2 = 𝑏 2 + 𝑐 2 – 2𝑏𝑐 (𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴),
𝑏2 = 𝑎2 + 𝑐 2 – 2𝑎𝑐 (𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐵),
𝑐 2 = 𝑎2 + 𝑏2 – 2𝑎𝑏 (𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐶)
Law of cosines 𝑐 2 = 𝑎2 + 𝑏2 – 2𝑎𝑏 (𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐶) is an extension of Pythagorean
theorem because if 𝜃 is a right angle, then it becomes 𝑐 2 = 𝑎2 + 𝑏2 .
Law of Cosines is applied when the following information are given:
Case 1: two sides and an included angle or Side-Angle-Side (SAS)
Case 2: three sides or Side-Side-Side (SSS)

ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE 1: Case 1

Determine the measure of the missing parts of ΔDAY.
Given:
Two sides and the included angle
𝑚∠𝑌 = 640 , 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑑 = 2𝑐𝑚, and 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑎 = 3 𝑐𝑚

Solve the measurement of side 𝒚, ∠𝑨 and ∠𝑫

SOLUTION: By Law of Cosines
A. Solve for side 𝒚
STEPS ILLUSTRATIONS
1) Identify the formula to solve for side y
𝑦 2 = 𝑑 2 + 𝑎2 – 2𝑑𝑎 (𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑌)
based on law of cosines.
2) Substitute the given values. 𝑦2 = (2)2 + (3)2 – 2(2)(3) (𝑐𝑜𝑠640)
𝑦2 = 4 + 9 – 12 (0.4384)
𝑦2 = 4 + 9 – 5.2608
3) Simplify the equation.
𝑦2 = 13 – 5.2608
𝑦2 = 7.7392
4) Apply the square root property and
simplify the result. ඥ𝑦 2 = ξ7.7392 → 𝒚 = 𝟐. 𝟕𝟖 𝒄𝒎

Shirly V. Gajilomo, Teacher I, Talon-Talon National High School

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B. Solve for 𝒎∠𝑨

STEPS ILLUSTRATIONS
1) Identify the formula to solve for
𝑎2 = 𝑦 2 + 𝑑 2 – 2𝑦𝑑 (𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝐴)
𝑚∠𝑨 based on law of cosines.
2) Substitute the given values. (3)2 = (2.78)2 + (2)2 – 2(2.78)(2) (𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝐴)
9 = 7.7284 + 4 – 11.12 (𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝐴)
9 = 11.7284 – 11.12 (𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝐴)
11.12 (𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝐴) = 11.7284 – 9
3) Simplify the equation.
11.12 (𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝐴) 2.7284
=
11.12 11.12
𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝐴 = 0.2454
4) Multiply the inverse of cosine
(𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑐𝑜𝑠 or cos −1 ) to both sides cos −1 (𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝐴) = cos −1 (0.2454)
of the equation.
𝐴 = 75.79
5) Simplify the resulting equation.
m∠𝑨 = 𝟕𝟓. 𝟕𝟗°
C. Solve for 𝒎∠𝑫
STEPS ILLUSTRATIONS
1) Identify the formula to solve for
𝑚∠𝐷. Apply the concept “the
𝑚∠𝐷 + 𝑚∠𝐴 + 𝑚∠𝑌 = 1800
sum of the three interior angles
in a triangle is always 180°.”
2) Substitute the given values. 𝑚∠𝐷 + 75.79° + 64° = 180°
3) Simplify the left side of the
𝑚∠𝐷 + 139.79° = 180°
equation.
4) Apply Addition Property of
𝑚∠𝑀 + 139.79° + (−139.79°) = 180° + (−139.79°)
Equality.
5) Simplify the measure of ∠𝐷. 𝒎∠𝑫 = 𝟒𝟎. 𝟐𝟏°

ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE 2: Case 2

Determine the measure of the missing parts of ΔFLY.
Given: Three sides
𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑦 = 10𝑐𝑚, 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑓 = 7𝑐𝑚, and 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑙 = 5 𝑐𝑚.

Solve the measurement of ∠𝑭, ∠𝑳 and ∠𝒀

SOLUTION: By Law of Cosines

A. Solve for 𝒎∠𝑭
STEPS ILLUSTRATIONS
1) Identify the formula to solve for 𝑚∠𝐹
𝑓 2 = 𝑦 2 + 𝑙2 – 2𝑦𝑙 (𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝐹)
based on law of cosines.
2) Substitute the given values. (7)2 = (10)2 + (5)2 – 2(10)(5) (𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝐹)
49 = 100 + 25 – 100 (𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝐹)
49 = 125 – 100 (𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝐹)
3) Simplify the equation. 100 (𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝐹) = 125 – 49
100 (𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐹) 76
=
100 100
𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝐹 = 0.76
4) Multiply the inverse of cosine
(𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑐𝑜𝑠 or cos −1 ) to both sides of cos −1 (𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝐹) = cos −1 (0.76)
the equation.
𝐹 = 40.54
5) Simplify the resulting equation.
𝒎∠𝑭 = 𝟒𝟎. 𝟓𝟒°

Shirly V. Gajilomo, Teacher I, Talon-Talon National High School

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B. Solve for 𝒎∠𝑳

STEPS ILLUSTRATIONS
1) Identify the formula to solve for 𝑚∠𝑳 2
𝑙 = 𝑓 2 + 𝑦 2 – 2𝑓𝑦 (𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝐿)
based on law of cosines.
2) Substitute the given values. (5)2 = (7)2 + (10)2 – 2(7)(10) (𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝐿)
25 = 49 + 100 – 140 (𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝐿)
25 = 149 – 140 (𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝐿)
3) Simplify the equation. 140 (𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝐿) = 149 – 25
140 (cosL) 124
=
140 140
𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝐿 = 0.8857
4) Multiply the inverse of cosine
(𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑐𝑜𝑠 or cos −1 ) to both sides of the cos −1 (𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝐿) = cos −1 (0.8857)
equation.
𝑳 = 𝟐𝟕. 𝟔𝟔
5) Simplify the resulting equation.
m∠𝑳 = 𝟐𝟕. 𝟔𝟔°

C. Solve for 𝒎∠Y

STEPS ILLUSTRATIONS
1) Identify the formula to solve for
𝑚∠𝑌. Apply the concept “the sum
𝑚∠𝐹 + 𝑚∠𝐿 + 𝑚∠𝑌 = 1800
of the three interior angles in a
triangle is always 180°.”
2) Substitute the given values. 40.54° + 27.66° + 𝑚∠𝑌 = 180°
3) Simplify the left side of the equation. 𝑚∠𝑌 + 68.2° = 180°
4) Apply Addition Property of Equality. 𝑚∠𝑌 + 68.2° + (−68.2°) = 180° + (−68.20°)
5) Simplify the measure of ∠𝑌. 𝒎∠𝒀 = 𝟏𝟏𝟏. 𝟖°

SAQ 1: How to apply law of cosines in solving any triangles?

SAQ 2: What is the importance of law of cosines?

Let’s Practice! (Write your answer on separate sheets.)

ACTIVITY
TERM 1. What’s the Pin Code
Directions: Solve for the missing measurement of side/angle in each triangle. Identify
the corresponding item number on the answer box below to reveal the passcode.

1) side c = ___ cm 3) 𝑚∠H = ______ 0 2) side d = ___ cm 4) 𝑚∠J = _____ 0

Pin code
Answers 33.56 9.70 88.97 5.21

Shirly V. Gajilomo, Teacher I, Talon-Talon National High School

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ACTIVITY
TERM 2: Solve me!
Directions: Read and analyze the problem below. Solve the problem and show your
solution.

Based on the data shown at the right, Jose wants to add more clothesline in his
backyard. How many meters of rope are needed to connect from post A to post
B? (Round your answer to the nearest whole number)

REMEMBER
Key Points

LAW of COSINES
In any ΔABC, the square of the length of one side is equal to the sum of the
squares of the other two sides minus the product of twice the two sides and
the cosine of the angle between them. In symbols,
𝑎2 = 𝑏2 + 𝑐 2 – 2𝑏𝑐 (𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴),
𝑏2 = 𝑎2 + 𝑐 2 – 2𝑎𝑐 (𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐵),
𝑐 2 = 𝑎2 + 𝑏2 – 2𝑎𝑏 (𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐶)

SAS SSS
If two sides and an included If three sides in a triangle
angle in a triangle are given, then the are given, then the remaining
remaining measurements of side and angle measurements can be
angles can be determined applying determined applying law of
law of cosines. cosines.

TRY
Let’s see how much have you learned today!

General Directions: Study the following assessments carefully and write your answers
on separate sheets.

Shirly V. Gajilomo, Teacher I, Talon-Talon National High School

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Assessment 1. Solve Me!

Directions: Solve for the missing parts of the given triangle. Round off your answers
to the nearest hundredth.

1) side a = 2) 𝑚∠𝐻 =
𝑚∠𝐵 = 𝑚∠𝐺 =
𝑚∠𝐶 = 𝑚∠𝐼 =

Assessment 2. Match me!

Directions: Match the given ∆ ABC in column A to their corresponding measurements
in column B.

COLUMN A COLUMN B
1. A. side c = 5.87 cm

B. side c = 34.44 cm

C. 𝑚∠𝐴 = 38.560
____ , ____ , ____ D. 𝑚∠𝐴 = 48.290
2. E. 𝑚∠𝐵 = 65.850

F. 𝑚∠𝐵 = 94.440

G. 𝑚∠𝐶 = 65.860

____ , ____ , ____ H. 𝑚∠𝐶 = 65.840

Assessment 3. Multiple Choice

Directions: Read and understand each item carefully. Choose the letter that
corresponds to your answer.

1. Which of the following equations describes law of cosines?

sin 𝐴 sin 𝐵 sin 𝐶
A. 𝑎 = 𝑏 = 𝑐 B. 𝑐 2 = 𝑎2 + 𝑏2
C. 𝑎2 = 𝑏2 + 𝑐 2 – 2𝑏𝑐 (𝑐𝑜𝑠𝐴) D. 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐

2. Which of the following conditions is applicable for law of cosines?

I. SSS II. SAS III. ASA IV. SAA V. SSA

A. I and II B. III, IV and V C. II and V D. III and IV

Shirly V. Gajilomo, Teacher I, Talon-Talon National High School

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For items 3-6, refer to △ 𝑫𝑬𝑭 at the right.

3. What is the length of side e?
A. 6. 72 B. 6. 25
C. 5. 84 D. 5.75

4. What is m∠D?
A. 62.05 B. 61.07
C. 62.24 D. 63.34

5. What is m∠F?
A. 78.95 B. 79.93
C. 78.76 D. 77.66

6. Which angle has the largest measurement?

A. ∠D B. ∠E C. ∠F D. cannot be determined

For items 7-10, refer to △ 𝑳𝑴𝑵 at the right.

7. Which of the following is the measurement of ∠𝐿?
A. 83.33 B. 67.31
C. 52.62 D. 44.04

8. What is the measure of ∠𝑀?

A. 83.33 B. 67.31
C. 52.62 D. 44.04

9. 𝑚∠𝑁 = ___
A. 83.33 B. 67.31
C. 52.62 D. 44.04

10. Which angle has the smallest measurement?

A. ∠L B. ∠M C. ∠N D. cannot be determined

Bryant, Merden, Mathematics 9 Learner’s Material. Pasig City: Department

REFERENCE/S
of Education, 2014, 477-495.

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LEARNING RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT TEAM

SHIRLY V. GAJILOMO
WRITER
Talon-Talon National High School
LAYOUT ARTIST Abdurauf J. Baldomero
Mujim U. Abdurahim Ma. Dolores J. Gregorio
LEARNING TEAM /
Ma. Pilar C. Ahadi Shirly V. Gajilomo
EVALUATORS
Mary Rose A. Castillo Sandra D. Ortega
MANAGEMENT AND Dr. Roy C. Tuballa, CESO VI Dr. Norma T. Francisco, CESE
SPECIALIST Dr. Jay S. Montealto, CESO VI Dr. Vilma A. Brown

“No hay cosa imposible. Cree, junto junto puede!”

Shirly V. Gajilomo, Teacher I, Talon-Talon National High School