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Tarea DTFT
Tarea DTFT
This is also known as Parseval’s theorem. From (3.13) the energy den-
sity spectrum of x(n) is defined as
|X(ejω )|2 △
Φx (ω) = (3.14)
π
Then the energy of x(n) in the [ω1 , ω2 ] band is given by
!ω2
Φx (ω)dω, 0 ≤ ω1 < ω 2 ≤ π
ω1
! EXAMPLE 3.7 In this example we will verify the linearity property (3.5) using real-valued finite-
duration sequences. Let x1 (n) and x2 (n) be two random sequences uniformly
distributed between [0, 1] over 0 ≤ n ≤ 10. Then we can use our numerical
discrete-time Fourier transform procedure as follows.
MATLAB script:
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70 Chapter 3 THE DISCRETE-TIME FOURIER ANALYSIS
Since the maximum absolute error between the two Fourier transform arrays
is less than 10−14 , the two arrays are identical within the limited numerical
precision of MATLAB. !
! EXAMPLE 3.8 Let x(n) be a random sequence uniformly distributed between [0, 1] over 0 ≤
n ≤ 10 and let y(n) = x(n − 2). Then we can verify the sample shift property
(3.6) as follows.
! EXAMPLE 3.9 To verify the frequency shift property (3.7), we will use the graphical approach.
Let
x(n) = cos(πn/2), 0 ≤ n ≤ 100 and y(n) = ejπn/4 x(n)
Then using MATLAB,
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Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
The Properties of the DTFT 71
Magnitude of X Angle of X
60 1
0.5
radiands/pi
40
|X|
0
20
−0.5
0 −1
−1 −0.5 0 0.5 1 −1 −0.5 0 0.5 1
frequency in π units frequency in π units
Magnitude of Y Angle of Y
60 1
0.5
40
radians/pi
|Y|
20
−0.5
0 −1
−1 −0.5 0 0.5 1 −1 −0.5 0 0.5 1
frequency in π units frequency in π units
From the plots in Figure 3.5, we observe that X(ejω ) is indeed shifted by π/4
in both magnitude and angle. !
! EXAMPLE 3.10 To verify the conjugation property (3.8), let x(n) be a complex-valued random
sequence over −5 ≤ n ≤ 10 with real and imaginary parts uniformly distributed
between [0, 1]. The MATLAB verification is as follows.
Copyright 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
72 Chapter 3 THE DISCRETE-TIME FOURIER ANALYSIS
! EXAMPLE 3.11 To verify the folding property (3.9), let x(n) be a random sequence over −5 ≤
n ≤ 10 uniformly distributed between [0, 1]. The MATLAB verification is as
follows.
! EXAMPLE 3.12 In this problem we verify the symmetry property (3.10) of real signals. Let
x(n) = sin(πn/2), −5 ≤ n ≤ 10
Then using the evenodd function developed in Chapter 2, we can compute
the even and odd parts of x(n) and then evaluate their discrete-time Fourier
transforms. We will provide the numerical as well as graphical verification.
MATLAB script:
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Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
The Properties of the DTFT 73
1 5
Re(X)
Im(X)
0 0
–1 –5
–2 –10
–1 –0.5 0 0.5 1 –1 –0.5 0 0.5 1
frequency in π units frequency in π units
Transform of even part Transform of odd part
2 10
1 5
XO
XE
0 0
–1 –5
–2 –10
–1 –0.5 0 0.5 1 –1 –0.5 0 0.5 1
frequency in π units frequency in π units
From the plots in Figure 3.6 we observe that the real part of X(ejω ) [or the
imaginary part of X(ejω )] is equal to the discrete-time Fourier transform of
xe (n) [or xo (n)]. !
Copyright 2010 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.