SPSS Assignment 3 =

Lexi Maxwell
(Dataset 4)

Descriptive statistics:

1. How many percentages of the sample would extremely freak out because of the
needle used during the donation process?
The needle used during my blood donation does not concern me too much.
Cumulative
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Percent
Valid Completely 14 7.0 7.1 7.1
Disagree

Disagree 5 2.5 2.6 9.7

Somewhat 8 4.0 4.1 13.8

Disagree

Neither disagree 11 5.5 5.6 19.4

nor agree

Somewhat Agree 15 7.5 7.7 27.0

Agree 64 32.0 32.7 59.7

Completely Agree 79 39.5 40.3 100.0

Total 196 98.0 100.0

Missing System 4 2.0

Total 200 100.0
Null hypothesis: n/a
Conclusion: 7% of people would be extremely freaked out during the donation process.
(People who completely disagree that the needle used during the process doesn’t
concern them too much are likely to extremely freak out with the needle. Based on this
sample, 7% of all respondents are those people.)
Analysis of Difference:

2. Is there any difference between members and non-members (#4, cat) of the Blood
Bank of Delmarva in terms of their overall level of satisfaction (#24, metric) with
the Blood Bank of Delmarva?
Null: (There is no SIG DIFF BTW members and non-members being satisfied with the
blood bank.)
 Independent Samples Test

Levene's Test for

Equality of Variances t-test for Equality of Means

95% Confidence
Interval of the
Significance Difference

One- Two- Mean Std. Error

F Sig. t df Sided p Sided p Difference Difference Lower Upper

Overall, Equal 13.018 <.001 2.784 189 .003 .006 .371 .133 .108 .634
how variances
satisfied assumed
are you
with the
Blood
Bank of Equal 2.243 29.489 .016 .033 .371 .165 .033 .709
Delmarva variances
? not
assumed

P-value: The p-value is 0.006, which is smaller than 0.05, suggesting that we reject the null hypothesis and
conclude that there is a sig diff between members and non-members in terms of their overall satisfaction with
BBD.
Conclusion: There is a SIG DIFF BTW members and nonmembers in terms of their satisfaction with the blood bank.

Analysis of Difference:

3. Is the feeling like belonging to a special group when donating blood, the same as
the feeling like being a part of a special community as a member of the Blood Bank
of Delmarva? Null: There is NO SIG DIFF BTW belonging to a special group and
feeling like being part of a special community.

Paired Samples Test

Paired Differences Significance
95%
Confidence
Interval of the
Std. Std. Difference One- Two-
Deviati Error Sided Sided
Mean on Mean Lower Upper t df p p
Pair 1 I feel .026 .718 .052 -.077 .129 .507 188 .306 .613
like I
belong
to a
special
group
when I
donate
blood. -
I feel
like I
am
part of
a
special
commu
nity as
a
membe
r of the
Blood
Bank
of
Delmar
va.

P-value: We accept the null because the p-value is larger than 0.05. In this case, the p-value is
0.613. This suggests that we accept the null hypothesis and conclude there is no sig diff between
the two variables.
Conclusion: There is NO SIG DIFF BTW belonging to a group when donating blood and feeling
like being a part of a special community as a member.

Analysis of Association:

4. Is there any association between how old people are and people’s ability to find
time during the day to donate blood? If so, please explain how they are related to
each other. (In this data set, the variable “Age” is collected as a “metric” variable)
Null: There is no SIG ASSOC BTW how old people are and if they can find time to donate
blood during the day.
 Correlations

I do not have
trouble finding time
during the day to
donate blood. How old are you?
I do not have Pearson 1 **
.296
trouble finding time Correlation
during the day to
donate blood. Sig. (2-tailed) <.001

N 195 195
How old are you? Pearson ** 1
.296
Correlation
Sig. (2-tailed) <.001

N 195 200
**. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).
P-value is less than 0.001 therefore we reject the null hypothesis.

Conclusion: There is a SIG ASSOC BTW people's age and their ability to find time to
donate blood during the day. Pearson's correlation is .296, which is a positive number.
Therefore, the association above is a positive one. We can further conclude that the
older you get, the more time you must donate blood. (The older individuals get, the
better they are at managing their time.)

Predictive Analysis

5. Are these following variables significant predictors of the number of times people
donated blood in the last 2 years? If so, are they positive or negative predictors?
a. The needle used during my blood donation does not concern me too much.
b. I am confident that the blood I donate is going to be of good use.
c. I feel like I belong to a special group when I donate blood.
Null: There following variables (a,b,c) are not sig predictors of the dependent variable ‘the
number of times people donated blood in the last 2 years.

a
Coefficients
 Standardize
Unstandardized d
Coefficients Coefficients

Model B Std. Error Beta t Sig.

1 (Constant) -2.529 1.880 -1.345 .180
The needle .386 .141 .203 2.745 .007
used during
my blood
donation
does not
concern me
too much.

I am .584 .283 .153 2.063 .040

confident
that the
blood I
donate is
going to
good use.

I feel like I -.044 .189 -.018 -.234 .815

belong to a
special
group when
I donate
blood.

a. Dependent Variable: How many times have you donated blood in the last 2 years?

A. The p-value of “The needle...” is 0.007, which is smaller than 0.05. The beta is 0.203,
which indicates a positive relationship between these two variables. This suggests
that we reject the null hypothesis and conclude that “The needle used...” is a
significant positive predictor of “How many times...” In other words, the more
people felt that the needle used during the process doesn’t bother them, the more
often they donated their blood in the last 2 years.
B. The p-value of “I am confident....” is 0.040 which is smaller than 0.05. and the beta is
0.153 indicates a positive relationship between these two variables. This suggests
that we reject the null and conclude that their blood.
From now on, try to select your own analysis without any hints.

6. Is there any association between how often people donate their blood and whether
the blood bank of Delmarva makes them feel appreciated for donating blood?
Null: There is no SIG Assoc btw how often people donate and if the blood bank makes
them feel appreciated.

Chi-Square Tests
Asymptotic
Significance (2-
Value df sided)
Pearson Chi-Square a 6 .003
20.101

Likelihood Ratio 21.502 6 .001

Linear-by-Linear 4.949 1 .026
Association
N of Valid Cases 166
a. 3 cells (21.4%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is
1.77.
The P-value is 0.003, which is smaller than 0.05. Therefore, we reject the null. Conclusion: There
is a SIG ASSOC BTW how often people donate blood and whether the blood bank makes them
feel appreciated.

7. Is there any difference between employed and unemployed respondents in terms

of their confidence that the blood they donate is going to good use?
Null: there is NO SIG DIFF BTW being employed or unemployed blood donors and that
your blood is going to good use.

Independent Samples Test

Levene's Test
for Equality of
Variances t-test for Equality of Means

95%
Confidence
Interval of the
Std.
Significance Difference
Mean Error
Differe Differe
F Sig. t df One- Two- nce nce Lower Upper
 Sided Sided
p p
I am Equal 1.377 .242 .383 189 .351 .702 .051 .134 -.213 .316
confid varian
ent ces
that assum
the ed
blood I
donate
Equal .342 83.914 .367 .733 .051 .150 -.247 .350
is
varian
going
ces
to
not
good
assum
use.
ed

The p-value is .702, which is larger than .05. This suggests that we accept the null hypothesis
and conclude that there is no sig diff whether people are employed in terms of their confidence
that their blood is going to good use.
Conclusion: The employment status of people does not affect their confidence about their
blood going to good use.

8. Is there any association between the extent to which the staff make people feel at
ease when they give blood and the extent to which they don’t feel bothered by the
needle?
Null: There is no sig Assoc by which the staff makes people feel at ease and the extent to
which they don’t feel bothered by the needle.

Correlations
The needle used
during my blood
The staff makes donation does not
me feel at ease concern me too
when I give blood. much.
The staff makes Pearson 1 **
.256
me feel at ease Correlation
when I give blood.
Sig. (2-tailed) <.001

N 193 192
The needle used Pearson ** 1
.256
during my blood Correlation
donation does not Sig. (2-tailed) <.001
concern me too
much. N 192 196
**. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).
The p-value is 0.000, which is less than 0.05. And the Pearson Correlation = 0.256 indicates a
positive relationship between the two variables.
Conclusion: We reject the mull hypothesis and conclude that there is a sig positive
Assoc/correlation between the two variables. It seems like the more the staff makes people feel at
ease, the less concerned about the needle they are (the needle doesn’t concern them too much).

9. Do you think people with a higher level of education would have different levels
of concern about the needles used during the blood donation compared to those
with lower education?
Null: There is NO SIG DIFF within any possible pairs based on the people’s level of
education in terms of how much the needle doesn’t bother them during the donation
process.

ANOVA

The needle used during my blood donation does not concern me too much.
Sum of Mean
Squares df Square F Sig.
Between 38.335 6 6.389 2.134 .051
Groups
Within 550.858 184 2.994
Groups
Total 589.194 190
The p-value is 0.051, which is larger than 0.05. This suggests that we accept the null hypothesis
and conclude that there is no sig diff in terms of concern about needles in all possible pairs based
on different levels of education.
Conclusion: The level of education doesn’t make people concerned about needles differently.

10.Is there any association between the race/ethnicity of the people and how often
people donate their blood?
Null: There is no SIG ASSOC BTW people's race and how often they donate blood.

Chi-Square Tests
 Asymptotic
Significance (2-
Value df sided)
Pearson Chi- a 30 .846
22.214
Square
Likelihood 23.208 30 .807
Ratio
Linear-by- .514 1 .473
Linear
Association
N of Valid 194
Cases
a. 35 cells (83.3%) have expected count less than 5. The
minimum expected count is .05.
Conclusion: The p-value of Chi-Square is 0.846, which is larger than 0.05. This suggests that we
accept the null and conclude that there is no relationship between the two variables (race &
frequency of blood donation). Belonging to a certain race, as opposed to another, doesn’t make
people want to donate their blood more often.

11. If I were a single dad living with my cute twin daughters, would you consider me a
part of the biggest group among the respondents? (Hint: marital status has nothing
to do with this) (no null needed)
12.

Please specify your household family size (including

yourself)?
Valid Cumulative
Frequency Percent Percent Percent
Valid 1 37 18.5 18.9 18.9
2-3 115 57.5 58.7 77.6

4-6 43 21.5 21.9 99.5

7-9 1 .5 .5 100.0

Total 196 98.0 100.0

Missing System 4 2.0
Total 200 100.0
 13.

Conclusion: Yes. If I were a single dad living with my cute twin daughters, there are 3 people in
my household, then. Based on the frequency table, I belong to the “2-3” category, which is
considered 57.5% of the sample. That’s most of the sample.

14. Is there any difference in how long people must wait before and how long they must
wait after the receptionist signs them in?
Null: There is NO SIG DIFF BTW the time people must wait before the receptionist signs them in
and the time they must wait after the receptionist signs them in.

Paired Samples Test

Paired Differences Significance
95%
Confidence
Interval of the
Std. Std. Difference One- Two-
Deviati Error Sided Sided
Mean on Mean Lower Upper t df p p
Pair 1 When I .103 1.059 .078 -.051 .257 1.323 183 .094 .187
go to
the
Blood
Bank
to
donate
blood, I
don’t
have to
wait
too
long for
the
recepti
onist to
sign
me in. -
After
the
recepti
onist
has
signed
me in, I
don’t
have to
wait
too
long for
my
screeni
ng
intervie
w.

Conclusion: The p-value is 0.187, which is more than 0.05. This suggests that we accept the null
and conclude that there is no sig diff between the time before and after the registration. In
people’s minds, the waiting time before and after signing in is approximately the same.