------------------- Lecture 7 ---------------------------------

# touch ----> update time system any file or make files

1. touch india.txt
touch a1.txt a2.txt a3.txt

# with location--->
1. touch /tmp/india.txt

# make multiplues files --->

touch abs{1..10}

# see stat time ---> stat india.txt ( syntax--> stat fileName)

# see date ---> date

# for update india.txt file time update --> touch india.txt

///// touch --help /////

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------------------- lecture 8 ----------------------------------

# mkdir ---> create folder/Directory

1. mkdir akash
2. mkdir /home/akash/india
3. mkdir b1 b2 b3 b4 b5
4. mkdir abc{1..10}
5. mkdir .mydir
6. mkdir old new
7. mkdir old/ new
8. mkdir "sanjay dahiya"

///// mkdir --help /////

# mkdir -p laptop/desktop ( create two folders at a time for creating desktop

folder when laptop foldr is not exist)

------------------ lecture 9
---------------------------------------------------------------------

# cat ---> create file or read and write contant under file

cat
for write--->
# cat > myfile.txt
welcome to linux
hello india
welcome to aws cloud

////// for save -- after enter press ctrl + D //////////

for read--->
# cat myfile.txt
# for series---> cat -n myfile.txt

# put more contant in already exixt file ---> cat >> myfile.txt
hello kali linux
welcome azure cloud

# for reverse the lines ---> tac myfile.txt

# for read only file --- nl myfile.txt

# cat -n /etc/passwd or cat /etc/passwd

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------------- lecture 10 ----------------------------------

# use of ; --> multipal commands execute in a single line or write more commands in
one line

# mdkir keyboard ; cd keyboard ; touch india ; ls

# use of | command ---> execute another command as a refrence of first command or

manipulate the commands

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=============

------------ lecture 11 -----------------------------------------

# head & Tail ----> read file

/// # head ---> show by default 10 lines of any folder from top to bottam ///

# head /etc/passwd ---> show top 10 lines of PASSWD file

# head /etc/passwd | nl ----> sjow top 10 lines in a series of PASSWD file

----or-----------------------
# head /etc/passwd | cat -n ----> " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " "

// for show more than 10 lines using head command ////

# head -n 15 /etc/passwd | cat -n ----> show top 15 lines

# head -n 6 /etc/passwd | cat -n ----> show top 6 lines

---------------------------------------------------------------------

/// # tail ---> show by default 10 lines of any folder from bottam to top ///

# tail -n 12 /etc/passwd | nl ---> show bottam 12 lines of PASSWD file

/// Ques - passwd folder has 30 lines. So print only line 20 to 26 lines of passwd
folder. ///
1. head -n 25 /etc/passwd | nl ---> show top 25 lines of PASSWD folder using head
command
2. head -n 25 /etc/passwd | nl | tail -n 5 ---> manipulating the first command by
using pipe command (|) and print last 5 bottam lines of first command
---------- proved -------------------------------------------------------

For continue read any log file ---> use -F

# tail -F /var/log/messages

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====================

--------------- lecture 12 ---------------------------------------------

# message printing ---> echo

# echo "welcome to india" ---> print this message

# echo "welcome to india" > sanjay.txt ---> save this message on sanjay.txt file if
exixt or not exixt

# echo "hello india" >> sanjay.txt ---> again print this message in sanjay.txt file

# head -n 25 /etc/passwd | nl | tail -n 5

# head -n 25 /etc/passwd | nl | tail -n 5 >> sanjay.txt

/// for clear the sanjay.txt file/// --->

# echo > sanjay.txt

///////////////// for read all files --> cat sanjay.txt /////////////////

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======================

-------------- lecture 13 ---------------------------------------------

# rm ---> delete file

# rm a1.txt ---> delete the file#

# rm b2 ---> show error (Not delete any foleder without options)
--->
# rm -r b2 ---> delete the folder b2

/// for force fully delete any folder ---->

# rm -f a2.txt ---> force fully delete

# rm -fr b4 ---> delete

/// show what delete--->

# rm -rv abc1 ---> delete

// delete Dir of file --->

# rm -rvf b5 a3.txt ---> delete dir or file
/// delete the data of tmp--->
# cd /tmp/
# rm -rvf * ---> "*" means all

# rm -rvf /tmp/* ---> delete all without going path

------------------>
# rename for file anf folder ---> rename { syntax --( old name new name old
name )}

example-->
1. mkdir india
2. rename india delhi india (old name new name old name)
3. ls

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--------------- lecture 14 -----------------------------------------------

For copy ----> cp

# ls
# touch abc ---> make file
# mkdir india ---> make file
# ls
# cp abc india --> copy abc file in india folder
# ls india/
# cp delhi india ---> error ( without options dir not copy )
# cp -r delhi india
# ls india/

# touch abc{1..10}
# ls
# cp -rvf abc{} india
# ls india/

# touch abc{11..20}
# ls
# cp -rvf abc{11..20} india
# ls india/

# touch abc{21..30}
# ls
# cp -rvf abc{21..30} india OR cp -rvf abc* india ---> copy all files start with
abc but overwrite every time (y,y,y...)
# cp -rvfn abc* india ---> "n" for no overwrite

# cd /etc
# ls
# cp -rvf * /root/india/
# ls
# cd india
# ls
-------------------------------------------------------------------

# for move ---> mv

# mv delhi india/ ---> overwrite

# y
# ls
# cd india/

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==