M16/4/CHEMI/HPM/ENG/TZ0/XX

Chemistry
Higher level
Paper 1

Thursday 12 May 2016 (morning)

1 hour

Instructions to candidates

• Do not open this examination paper until instructed to do so.

• Answer all the questions.
• For each question, choose the answer you consider to be the best and indicate your choice on
the answer sheet provided.
• The periodic table is provided for reference on page 2 of this examination paper.
• The maximum mark for this examination paper is [40 marks].

2216 – 6101
16 pages © International Baccalaureate Organization 2016
 The Periodic Table
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

1 Atomic number
2
1 H He
1.01 4.00
Element
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
2 Li Be B C N O F Ne
6.94 9.01 Relative atomic mass 10.81 12.01 14.01 16.00 19.00 20.18

11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
3 Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
22.99 24.31 26.98 28.09 30.97 32.07 35.45 39.95

19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
4 K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
39.10 40.08 44.96 47.87 50.94 52.00 54.94 55.85 58.93 58.69 63.55 65.38 69.72 72.63 74.92 78.96 79.90 83.90

37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54
5 Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
–2–

85.47 87.62 88.91 91.22 92.91 95.96 (98) 101.07 102.91 106.42 107.87 112.41 114.82 118.71 121.76 127.60 126.90 131.29

55 56 57 † 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86
6 Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
132.91 137.33 138.91 178.49 180.95 183.84 186.21 190.23 192.22 195.08 196.97 200.59 204.38 207.2 208.98 (209) (210) (222)

87 88 89 ‡ 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118
7 Fr Ra Ac Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Cn Unt Uug Uup Uuh Uus Uuo
(223) (226) (227) (267) (268) (269) (270) (269) (278) (281) (281) (285) (286) (289) (288) (293) (294) (294)

† 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71
Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
140.12 140.91 144.24 (145) 150.36 151.96 157.25 158.93 162.50 164.93 167.26 168.93 173.05 174.97

‡
90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103
Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr
232.04 231.04 238.03 (237) (244) (243) (247) (247) (251) (252) (257) (258) (259) (262)
M16/4/CHEMI/HPM/ENG/TZ0/XX
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1. Which equation represents sublimation?

A. 2Al (s) + 3I2 (g) → 2AlI3 (s)

B. HgCl2 (s) → HgCl2 (g)

C. I2 (g) → I2 (s)

D. CaCO3 (s) + 2HCl (aq) → CaCl2 (aq) + CO2 (g) + H2O (l)

2. In which mixture is NaOH the limiting reagent?

A. 0.20 mol NaOH + 0.10 mol H2SO4

B. 0.10 mol NaOH + 0.10 mol H2SO4

C. 0.20 mol NaOH + 0.10 mol HNO3

D. 0.10 mol NaOH + 0.10 mol HNO3

3. Why do gases deviate from the ideal gas law at high pressures?

A. Molecules have finite volume.

B. Cohesive forces increase the volume from the ideal.

C. Increasing pressure increases the temperature of the gas.

D. Collisions between molecules occur more frequently as pressure increases.

53
4. Which is correct for the chromium isotope 24 Cr?

A. 24 neutrons and 53 nucleons

B. 24 protons and 29 nucleons

C. 24 protons and 29 neutrons

D. 24 electrons and 53 neutrons

Turn over
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5. Which electron configuration is correct for the selenide ion, Se2−?

A. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 4d10 4p4

B. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 4d10 4p6

C. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p4

D. 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6

6. The diagram shows the first ionization energies of four consecutive elements in the periodic table.
Which element is in Group 14?
1st ionization energy

C
B D
A

Increasing atomic number

7. Which element is a metalloid?

A. Co

B. As

C. Cs

D. Es
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8. Which periodic trend is described correctly?

Down the group Across the period

Trend in
(top to bottom) (left to right)
A. atomic radius increases increases

B. ionic radius decreases increases

C. first ionization energy decreases decreases

D. electronegativity decreases increases

9. Which does not affect the colour of the complex ion formed by a particular transition metal?

A. Oxidation state of the metal

B. Number of ligands in the complex

C. Identity of ligands in the complex

D. Isotope of the metal

10. Which best explains why transition metal complexes are coloured?

A. As electrons return to lower energy levels, light of a certain colour is emitted, and the
complementary colour is observed.

B. As electrons return to lower energy levels, light of a certain colour is emitted, so the complex
appears to have the same colour.

C. As electrons are promoted to higher energy levels, light of a certain colour is absorbed, and
the complementary colour is observed.

D. As electrons are promoted to higher energy levels, light of a certain colour is absorbed, so
the complex appears to have the same colour.

11. Which species breaks the octet rule?

A. PCl3

B. BF4−

C. SCl4

D. NH4+

Turn over
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12. Which compound contains both ionic and covalent bonds?

A. SiH4

B. NaNO3

C. H2CO

D. Na2S

13. Which of the following are van der Waals’ forces?

I. Dipole-dipole forces
II. Hydrogen bonds
III. London (dispersion) forces

A. I and II only

B. I and III only

C. II and III only

D. I, II and III

14. In which group do both compounds contain delocalized electrons?

A. C6H10, C5H10

B. Na2CO3, NaOH

C. NaHCO3, C6H6

D. NaHCO3, C6H12

15. Which of the following is correct?

Number of electron
Atom Molecular geometry Hybridization
domains
A. C in C2H2 2 linear sp

B. C in C2H6 4 square planar sp3

C. N in NH3 3 trigonal pyramidal sp3

D. O in H2O 4 bent sp2

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16. The equation for the formation of ethyne is:

2C (s) + H2 (g) → C2H2 (g)

What is the enthalpy change, in kJ, for this reaction using the enthalpy of combustion data below?

Reaction ∆H À / kJ
C (s) + O2 (g) → CO2 (g) −394
2H2 (g) + O2 (g) → 2H2O (l) −572
2C2H2 (g) + 5O2 (g) → 4CO2 (g) + 2H2O (l) −2602

1 1
A. 2 × (−394) + (−572) − (−2602)
2 2

B. 2 × (−394) + (−572) − (−2602)

1 1
C. 2 × (−394) + (−572) + (−2602)
2 2

D. 2 × (−394) + (−572) + (−2602)

17. Which equation represents the average bond enthalpy of the Si−H bond in SiH4?

A. SiH4 (g) → SiH3 (g) + H (g)

1 1
B. SiH4 (g) → Si (g) + H (g)
4 4
1
C. SiH4 (g) → SiH3 (g) + H2 (g)
2

D. SiH4 (g) → Si (g) + 4H (g)

18. Which transition represents an enthalpy of hydration?

A. 2H2O (l) → H3O+ (aq) + OH− (aq)

B. NaCl (s) → Na+ (aq) + Cl− (aq)

C. K+ (s) → K+ (aq)

D. K+ (g) → K+ (aq)

Turn over
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19. What are the signs for the entropy changes associated with this reaction?

H2O (g) → H2O (l)

∆Ssurroundings ∆Ssystem

A. + −

B. + +

C. − −

D. − +

20. Graph 1 shows a plot of volume of CO2 (g) against time for the reaction of CaCO3 (s) with
1.00 mol dm−3 HCl (aq). The acid is the limiting reagent and entirely covers the lumps of CaCO3 (s).

Which set of conditions is most likely to give the data plotted in graph 2 when the same mass of
CaCO3 (s) is reacted with the same volume of HCl (aq) at the same temperature?

graph 2
Volume of CO2 (g)

graph 1

Time

Size of lumps Concentration of acid / mol dm−3

A. larger 1.00

B. smaller 0.05

C. smaller 1.00

D. larger 0.05
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21. The data shows the effect of changing reactant concentrations on the rate of the following reaction
at 25 °C.

F2 (g) + 2ClO2 (g) → 2FClO2 (g)

Initial [F2 (g)] / Initial [ClO2 (g)] / Initial rate of reaction /

mol dm−3 mol dm−3 mol dm−3 s−1
0.100 0.010 1.20 × 10−3

0.100 0.030 3.60 × 10−3

0.150 0.010 1.80 × 10−3

Which is correct for the order of reaction with respect to the fluorine concentration and the overall
order of reaction?

Order with respect to [F2 (g)] Overall order

A. 2 1

B. 2 2

C. 1 1

D. 1 2

Turn over
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22. Which pair of graphs represents the same order of reaction?

A.

Concentration
Rate
of reactant

Time Concentration
of reactant

B.

Concentration
Rate
of reactant

Time Concentration
of reactant

C.

Concentration
Rate
of reactant

Time Concentration
of reactant

D.

Concentration
Rate
of reactant

Time Concentration
of reactant
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23. Which of the terms in the Arrhenius equation takes into account the orientation of the molecules?

- Ea
k = Ae RT

A. A

B. Ea

C. R

D. T

24. What is the effect of increasing temperature on the equilibrium?

ClNO2 (g) + NO (g)  ClNO (g) + NO2 (g) ∆H À = −18.4 kJ

Position of equilibrium Kc

A. moves to left decreases

B. moves to left no change

C. moves to right no change

D. moves to right increases

25. Which is correct for an isolated system in equilibrium?

Gibbs free energy Entropy

A. maximum maximum

B. maximum minimum

C. minimum maximum

D. minimum minimum

Turn over
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26. Which is a conjugate Brønsted–Lowry acid-base pair?

CH3COOH (aq) + H2O (l)  CH3COO− (aq) + H3O+ (aq)

A. CH3COO− / H3O+

B. H2O / CH3COO−

C. H2O / H3O+

D. CH3COOH / H2O

27. Aqueous solutions of a weak acid and a strong acid of equal concentration are compared.
Which statements are correct?

I. The weak acid is less dissociated than the strong acid.

II. The strong acid reacts with a metal oxide but the weak acid does not.
III. The strong acid has greater conductivity than the weak acid.

A. I and II only

B. I and III only

C. II and III only

D. I, II and III

28. The diagram represents the bonding in aluminium chloride.

Cl Cl Cl
Al Al
Cl Cl Cl

Which statement is correct?

A. The aluminium atoms behave as Lewis acids.

B. The aluminium atoms behave as Lewis bases.

C. One aluminium atom is a Lewis base and the other a Lewis acid.

D. One chlorine atom is a Lewis base and the other a Lewis acid.
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29. Which titration curve would occur when a weak acid is added to a strong base?

A. B.
14 14

pH 7 pH 7

Volume of weak acid Volume of weak acid

C. D.
14 14

pH 7 pH 7

Volume of weak acid Volume of weak acid

30. Applying IUPAC rules, what is the name of MnO2?

A. Magnesium(II) oxide

B. Manganese(II) oxide

C. Magnesium(IV) oxide

D. Manganese(IV) oxide

31. Which statement is correct for a voltaic but not for an electrolytic cell?

A. An electrolyte is required.

B. The anode is where oxidation occurs.

C. Ions move in the electrolyte.

D. Electrons flow from the negative electrode to the positive electrode.

Turn over
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32. Which compound forms both hydrogen and oxygen at the electrodes when a concentrated
aqueous solution is electrolyzed?

A. KI

B. NaCl

C. H2SO4

D. AgNO3

33. z mol of copper is deposited from CuSO4 (aq) by a current, I, in time t. What is the amount of silver,
l
in mol, deposited by electrolysis from AgNO3 (aq) by a current, , in time 2t?
2
z
A.
4
z
B.
2
C. z

D. 2z

34. What is the general formula of the alkyne series?

A. CnH n

B. CnH2n−2

C. CnH2n

D. CnH2n+2

35. Which statement is correct about the major reaction between 1-chloropropane, CH3CH2CH2Cl,
and dilute sodium hydroxide solution, NaOH (aq)?

A. The rate equation is second order.

B. The hydroxide ion acts as a Brønsted–Lowry base.

C. The reaction has two distinct steps.

D. Water is a product.
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36. Which molecule can be both reduced by sodium borohydride, NaBH4, and oxidized by warm
acidified potassium dichromate(VI)?

A. CH3CHOHCH2CH3

B. (CH3)3CCHO

C. (CH3)3COH

D. (CH3)3CCOC(CH3)3

37. Which molecule contains a chiral carbon?

A. CH3CHOHCH2CH3

B. (CH3)3CCHO

C. (CH3)3COH

D. (CH3)3COC(CH3)3

38. A measuring cylinder was used to obtain a known volume of a liquid. The volume was read from
the top of the meniscus and the liquid completely emptied into a flask. The exact same process
was then repeated. Which statement is correct about the overall described procedure and the
volumes measured?

A. There is a systematic error and the volumes measured are accurate.

B. There is a random error and the volumes measured are accurate.

C. There is a random error and the volumes measured are inaccurate.

D. There is a systematic error and the volumes measured are inaccurate.

39. Which molecule has an index of hydrogen deficiency (IHD) = 1?

A. C6 H 6

B. C2Cl2

C. C4 H 9 N

D. C 2H 6O

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40. Which analytical technique is used to measure bond lengths in solid compounds?

A. IR spectroscopy

B. Mass spectroscopy

C. NMR spectroscopy

D. X-ray crystallography