COMP 202 reviewer

LESSON 1
Network Administrator- Maintains
All the data from attached computers
network infrastructure such as switches
can be stored in one server.
and routers and diagnoses problems with
 Sharing of the internet
these or with the behavior of network-
 Software program sharing:
attached computers.
 Securing of data:
 Communication is easy, fast, and
Computer Network- a system of
time-saving:
interconnected computers and peripheral
In LAN computers can exchange data
devices.
and messages in
Example: it may connect computers,
printers, scanners and cameras.
3.) Wireless Local Area Network
(WLAN) - is a network that allows
Computer Network Communications-
devices to connect and communicate
Transmitting information or data by
wirelessly. WLAN communicate via
using two types of signals, namely
Wi-Fi
analog and digital.
•Computers communicate with digital
4.) Campus Area Network (CAN) - is
signals.
a network that covers an educational or
• The older forms of communications
corporate campus. A campus area
technology, such as telephone and
network is larger than a local area
radios, use analog signals.
network LAN since it may span multiple
buildings within a specific area
3 TYPES OF COMMUNICATIONS
*Data Communication
5. ) Metropolitan Area Network
*Telephone System Communication
(MAN) - is a computer network that
*Radio Communication
connects computers within a
metropolitan area, which could be a
Types of Computer Networks single large city, multiple cities and
1.) Personal Area Network (PAN) - towns, or any given large area with
computer network for interconnecting multiple buildings
electronic devices centered on an different technologies to establish a network
individual person's workspace. A PAN •FDDI (Fiber distribution data interface)
provides data transmission among •ATM (Asynchronous transfer mode)
devices such as computers, smartphones, •SMDS (Switched multi-megabit data
tablets and personal digital assistants. service)

2.) Local Area Network (LAN) - is a 6. ) Wide Area Network (WAN) - is a

group of computers and peripheral telecommunications network that
devices that share a common extends over a large geographic area for
communications line or wireless link to the primary purpose of computer
a server within a distinct geographic networking. Wide area networks are
area. often established with leased
Advantages of (LAN) telecommunication circuits.
Types of WAN Connections
 Sharing of resources 1.Dedicated Connection
 Client and server relationship: 2.Switched Connection
Distinguishing features of Wide Area Network communications connection between
1.Covers large geographical area two communication endpoints or nodes.
2.Centralized data Point to MultiPoint Wireless
3.Get updated files and data
4.Sharing of software and resource
Topology – (P2MP, PTMP or PMP) is
5.High bandwidth communication which is accomplished
Examples of Wide Area Network (WAN) via a distinct type of one-to-many.
1.Internet
2.Large telecommunications companies like
Airtel store IT
department
3.Satellite systems LESSON 3 CABLE
4.Cable companies
5.Network providers Ethernet 10Base2 and 10 Base5- uses
6.U.S defense department
7.A network of bank cash dispensers
Bus Topology
8.Airline companies 10 Base T- uses Star Topology
9.Stock brokerages
10.Railway reservations counter
11.4G Mobile Broadband Systems 10Base2
- Total distance is 200 meters. RG-58
Network Topologies cable is used.
It is a layout of how a network -THINNET COAXIAL CABLE
communicates with different devices. 10BASE-5 - 10MBps over thick coaxial
Categories of topologies: cable. Has a maximum distance of 500
a. Wired Meters
b. Wireless -THICKNET COAXIAL CABLE
Kinds of Topology 10 BASE-T - This is an Ethernet
1. STAR Topology -most common standard that is designed to transmit data
topology. at the rate of 10Mbps over a twisted pair
4. MESH Topology cable. only allows distances from the
2. RING Topology hub to the node of 100 meters (330 feet).
5. Point to Point Topology 10 - means max. speed
3. BUS Topology BASE - means Baseband Transmission
6. Point to Multipoint Topology T -means twisted pair cable
INFRASTRUCTURE WIRELESS DIAL UP - analog
Topology – this topology uses the DSL- digital
combination of wired and wireless
topologies.
Ad hoc WIRELESS Topology – is a LESSON 4- PACKET
very simple wireless topology. devices
are connected without using any TRACER
additional network infrastructure devices
like a wireless Access Point (AP). Cisco – The leaders in computer
MESH WIRELESS Topology – are networking.
communication networks which An innovative and powerful networking
comprise radio simulation tool used for designing,
nodes in which nodes are arranged in a practice, discovery and troubleshooting.
mesh topology. Helps to understand networks
Point to Point Wireless Topology – a practically.
point-to-point connection refers to a Crossover cable is used for connecting
same devices.
 of each incoming data packet and
forwarding it only to the device for
which it is intended.
IP address and what is its use? * By doing so, switches create dedicated
internet protocol (IP) address allows communication channels between
computers to send and receive devices, reducing network congestion
information. which means they can also and improving overall network
be used to track down a user's physical performance.
location * Switches are widely used in Ethernet
4 types of IP addresses: public, networks, both in homes and businesses,
private, static, and dynamic. to connect multiple devices within a
local area network (LAN).
3. Router:
* A router operates at the network layer,
LESSON 7 or Layer 3, of the OSI model.
* Its primary function is to route data
packets between different networks.
HUB-are the simplest and least * Routers use IP addresses to make
intelligent, broadcasting data to all routing decisions, determining the best
connected devices. path for data to reach its destination
SWITCH- more intelligent, forwarding based on network topology, traffic load,
data only to the intended device. and other factors.
ROUTER- connect multiple networks * In addition to routing, routers often
together and route data between them provide other features such as network
based on IP addresses. address translation (NAT), which allows
multiple devices within a private
Similarity: All three devices (hub, network to share a single public IP
switch, router) are used in networking to address, and firewall capabilities for
connect multiple devices together. network security.
1. Hub: * Routers are essential for connecting
* A hub operates at the most basic level LANs to each other or to the internet,
of networking, known as the physical enabling communication between
layer. devices on different networks.
* It receives data from one device and
broadcasts it to all other devices
connected to it.
* Because of this broadcast nature, all
devices on a hub share the same
bandwidth, which can lead to congestion
and slower network speeds, especially as
the number of devices increases.
* Hubs are rarely used in modern
networks due to their inefficiency and
lack of intelligence in managing network
traffic.
2. Switch:
* A switch operates at the data link
layer, also known as Layer 2, of the OSI
model. * Unlike a hub, a switch is
capable of examining the MAC address