Chemical Hazards

Management and Control

 SLIDE NAVIGATOR
1. Introduction
2. Chemical safety policy
3. Chemical safety strategy
4. Chemical safety arrangement
5. Chemical safety control
 1.0
INTRODUCTION
 Management of Chemicals
• Increase in the use of chemicals
• Chemicals are potentially dangerous and
pose hazards to the workers
• Causes of problems - inexistence
policies/procedures, lack of supervision,
training
 Policy on Chemical Safety
• Control health and safety as any other
business aspects
• Manage health and safety like any other
function
• Responsibility resides with line management
• Practices and procedures integrated into all
aspects of work - work method, responsibility,
training
• Policy and strategy made known and
understood by all employees
 Safety and Health Organization
• Formulate policies, coordinate and plan
activities and monitor the performance of
management of chemicals
 2.0:
CHEMICAL SAFETY POLICY
 Chemical Safety Policy
• Responsibilities to protect employees,
environment and community from any
chemical hazards
• Establishment of procedures to ensure
maintenance of health, safety and
environment standards during transport,
use and disposal of hazardous materials
• Employees to be fully informed of the
nature of those hazards
 Chemical Safety Policy
• Provide information on potential hazard
of chemicals and procedures to be
followed
• Provision of information by suppliers
prior to purchase of chemicals
• Employees to follow procedures
 3.0:
CHEMICAL SAFETY
STRATEGY
 Chemical Safety Strategy
1) Take into account the degree of risk
involved
2) Employee exposure and release to the
environment kept as low as practicable
3) PPE is used as a last resort
4) Employees to be trained in selection,
fitting, use and maintenance of PPE
 Chemical Safety Strategy
5. All PPE will be checked at appropriate
intervals, repaired and replaced
6. New processes and chemical products will be
investigated for known potential hazards prior
to implementation or purchase
7. Hazardous materials may not be purchased
unless they are packaged and labeled
8. Safe handling procedures will be developed
and implemented to cover transportation,
storage, use and disposal of hazardous
materials
Chemical Safety Strategy…pp1/3
9) Emergency and first aid procedures will be
developed and adequate warning signs and
equipment will be installed
10) Employees to be fully informed of the hazard
potentials and safe procedures for safe
handling, minimization of exposure and first aid
11) Regular supervision and environmental
surveys
12) Medical surveillance of employees
 4.0:
CHEMICAL SAFETY
ARRANGEMENT
 4.1:
Definition
• Systems and procedures which enhance
safety performance
 4.2:
Elements of practical arrangement
1. Registration of chemicals
2. Purchasing procedure/specification
3. Safe storage, transfer, handling and
disposal
4. Safety and hygiene inspection
 4.2:
Elements of practical arrangement
5. Medical surveillance
6. Training and education
7. Emergency and first aid measures
8. Investigation of accidents and complaints
9. Channel of communication
 4.2.1:
Registration of Chemical
• Set-up registry of chemical, quantity used, location and physical
state of the chemical
• Develop safety and health information system on chemicals used
• Information required:
1) Product identification - manufacturer’s details, product type
and chemical family
2) Physical properties - appearance and odors, pH, boiling point,
melting point, solubility, density
3) Health hazard information - toxicity, PEL, TLV, emergency and
first aid procedures
 4.2.1:
Registration of Chemical
• Information required:
4) Reactivity data - stability, hazardous
decomposition/polymerization
5) Spill/leak procedures and waste disposal
method
6) Special protection - ventilation,
respiratory/eye protection
7) Special precautions during handling and
storage
 4.2.1:
Registration of Chemical
• Get information from MSDS/CSDS from
supplier or manufacturer
• Develop safety and health programs
from this information - storage, use,
handling, disposal
• Provide speedy reference
 4.2.2:
Purchasing Procedure

• Chemicals to be purchased should be

approved, identified, classified, and
labeled type
 4.2.2:
Purchasing Specifications
• Spell out requirements in the purchasing specifications:
1) name and origin of chemicals
2) danger symbols
3) standard phrases indicating special risks
4) standard phrases indicating safety advice
• Chemicals dispensed into other containers must be adequately
relabeled
• Responsibility for correct classification rest with the supplier
 4.2.3:
Safe Storage, Transfer, Handling
and Disposal
• Protect health and safety and prevent
environmental damage
• Develop procedures for safe storage, transfer,
handling disposal and effective emergency
procedures
• Storage - compatibility of chemicals, siting and
access, nature and integrity of containers,
temperature, humidity, security
• Storage of flammable chemicals - not in
proximity of oxidizing materials, away from
source of ignition and well ventilated
 4.2.3:
Safe Storage, Transfer, Handling
and Disposal
• Chemicals which react with water - stored in a
dry, cool and well ventilated areas, H2O should
never be used as a fire-fighting agent
• Transfer of chemicals - properties and quantity
of chemicals, nature and integrity of
containers, transport equipment, route of
vehicles
• Transfer of chemical - forklift truck, conveyors,
hoisting, traveling cranes and network of
pipelines
 4.2.3:
Safe Storage, Transfer, Handling
and Disposal
• Written safety procedures to reduce
human error
• Disposal of wastes - avoid hazards to
workers and pollution to the environment
• Treat gaseous and liquid waste before
discharged
• Met DoE requirement (EQA 1974)
 4.2.4:
Safety and Hygiene Inspection
• Conducted periodically and recorded
• Use checklist system
• Focus on workers handling hazardous
chemicals
• Do not exceed PEL
• Take remedial measures promptly
 4.2.5:
Medical Surveillance

• Workers exposed to chemicals

• Detect diseases at an early stage
 4.2.6:
Training and Education
• OJT and training on safety
• Ensure maintenance of personal, safety and
hygiene standards
• Emphasize on awareness of the hazards,
control and procedures that apply
• SOP, emergency and first aid procedures,
PPE
 4.2.6:
Training and Education
• Interpret information provided on a label
• Employees kept abreast of proposed
alternations to material and procedures
• Training material and syllabus must be
reviewed and updated
 4.2.7:
Emergency and First Aid
Procedures
• Establish emergency measures and first aid
facilities
• Emergency showers and eyewash for
accidental splash or contact with chemicals
• Fire-fighting equipment, emergency evacuation
plan due to major fire or release of toxic gases
• First aid measures
 4.2.8:
Investigation of
Accidents/Complaints
• Report accident and near-misses
accidents
• Complaint from workers - unsafe working
conditions or health hazards
• Accidents - symptoms of weakness in
management system
 4.2.9:
Channel of Communication
• Communicate policy, procedures to everyone
• Incorporates all aspects of health and safety
• Mode of communication - verbal, non-verbal, written,
pictorial
• Target of communication - individuals, specific groups,
management, everyone
• Timing of the communication - immediate, long-term,
short-term, continuous
• Location of communication - general or specific to one
or more places
 5.0:
Chemical Safety Control
 5.1:
The philosophy
• Uncontrolled used of chemicals caused
fire, explosion, pollution
• Comprehensive chemical management
system, sound technical and operational
control, safe work procedures and
trained workers
• Cradle to grave path of chemicals - from
receipt to disposal
 5.2:
Control Principles
Principles to be considered:
1) know the hazards of the chemical
2) workers know the hazards posed
3) minimize hazards by avoiding contact
4) constant monitoring of health and
environment
5) avoid indiscriminate disposal of waste
 5.2:
Control Principles
• Tests on physicochemical, toxicity and
eco-toxic properties
• Classify chemicals according to hazards
grouping
• Containers appropriately labeled
• Institute education and training
programme
 5.2:
Control Principles
• Train workers on SOP, emergency measures
and first aid
• Technical measures - address hazards at the
sources, the path and the receiver
• Examine affected workers health and compare
with exposure to the chemicals
• Detect high risk condition and early sign and
symptom of chronic diseases for initiating
further protective and preventive measures
• Protect the general environment - ground
water, flora, fauna, aquatic life and air quality
 5.3:
Information For Control
Purposes
• Many chemicals still not tested and their properties are
unknown
• Occupational Safety and Health (Classification,
Packaging and Labelling of Hazardous Chemicals)
Regulations 1997 - apply for supplier of hazardous
chemicals for use at work
• Physicochemical properties - melting and boiling paint,
density, vapor pressure, surface tension, flammability,
explosivity, oxidizing properties
 5.3.1:
Information For Control
Purposes
• Toxicity - acute and sub-acute toxicity by oral,
inhalation and dermal routes, skin and eye irritation,
sensitisation and five mutagenicity test
• Ecotoxicity - acute toxicity for fish and daphnia, five
biotic degradation test, abiotic degradation,
biochemical and chemical oxygen demand
• Material Safety Data Sheet(MSDS)/CSDS - condense
the information plus a brief outline of potential hazards
and precautionary measures
 5.3.2:
Checklist for Hazardous
Materials Information

a) Is product fully identified with its trade name

and detail of suppliers?
b) Is the full chemical composition given?
c) Are possible impurities identified?
d) Are the physical properties fully identified?
e) Is full fire and explosion data provided?
f) Is full health hazard information provided?
 5.3.2:
Checklist for Hazardous
Materials Information
g) Way product absorbed into the body
h) Effect of short term exposure
i) Product can change in use to create other
hazards
j) First aid measures spelt out
k) Procedures for dealing with spills and leaks
l) Recommendations on ventilation/PPE
m) Special precautions for storage, use, transfer
 5.3.3: Physicochemical Hazard
Classification
1) Explosives - explode under effect of flame
2) Oxidizing - give rise to highly exothermic in contact
with other substances

and boiling point ≤ 35oC

3) Extremely flammable - liquids with flashpoint < 0oC

4) Highly flammable - become hot and catch fire in

contact with air at ambient temperature, liquids having
flash point < 21oC, gases flammable in air at normal
pressure, solids readily catch fire after brief contact
with source of ignition
5) Flammable - liquids having flashpoint equal to or
greater than 21oC and less than or equal to 55oC
 5.3.4: Health Hazard
Classification
1) Very toxic - extremely serious, acute or chronic health
risks and even death
2) Toxic - serious, acute or chronic health risks and even
death
3) Harmful - limited health risks
4) Corrosive - destroy living tissues on contact with them
5) Irritant - non-corrosive but thru repeated or prolonged
contact can cause inflammation
6) Carcinogenic - induce cancer in human or increase its
incidence
7) Mutagenic and teratogenic
 5.3.5: Labeling
• Labeled containers - warn on hazards and
safety precaution
• Containers labeled clearly and indelibly
• Name of the substance
– In accordance with internationally recognized
nomenclature
• Origin of the substance
– Include the name and address of the
manufacturer, distributor or importer
 5.3.5: Labeling
Danger symbol and indication of danger
• Danger symbol-pictorial representation of the
hazard
• Indication of danger - written phrases warning
the hazards
• Carcinogenic, mutagenic and teratogenic are
either under very toxic, toxic or harmful
• For substance having more than one hazardous
properties only one health hazard symbol, one
physicochemical hazard symbol and indication
of risk need to be shown on the label
 5.3.5: Responsibility of labeling
• Classification and labeling form the
backbone of chemical safety activities
• Responsibility to classify and label are on
the manufacturers or suppliers
 5.3.6: Standard Phrases
• Special risk phrase and safety advice
phrase to be include on the labels
• Maximum of four risk phrases and four
safety phrases sufficient to be included in
the label
 6.0:
Some practical safety advices
 6.1:
Safety Advice Concerning
Dangerous Chemical Substances
• S1 : Keep locked up
• S2 : Keep out of reach of children
• S3 : Keep in a cool place
• S4 : Keep away from living quarters
• S5 : Keep contents under (appropriate liquid to be
specified by the manufacturer)
• S6 : Keep under (inert gas to be specified by
manufacturer)
 6.1:
Safety Advice Concerning
Dangerous Chemical Substances
• S7 : Keep container tightly closed
• S8 : Keep container dry
• S9 : Keep container in a well ventilated
place
• S10: Do not keep the container sealed
 6.2:
Storage
• Storage measures to ensure hazardous
properties will not cause physical injury or
material damage
• Consider properties and quantities of chemicals
to be stored, compatibility of chemical, security,
integrity of containers, precautions against
accidental release and fire
• Training of workers
• Workers with defective vision or hearing not
allowed in the store
• Good housekeeping, PPE, suitable alarm
 6.3:
Transportation
• Using forklift trucks conveyors, pipelines,
crane, hoisting machinery
• Properties and quantities to be transferred,
conveyance equipment, route of vehicles,
integrity of containers
• Training of workers
 6.4:
Use…..
• Substitute substances with less toxic or
less flammable
• Modify physical form of the substance
• Transform powdery substance into a
granular or slurry form
• Engineering control measures - reduce to
the lowest possible contact of chemicals
with the worker
• Prevent formation of flammable mixture
 6.4:
……Use
• Enclosure, isolation and LEV
• General or dilution ventilation is not
recommended for control of toxic or dusty
processes
• PPE as a last resort to supplement engineering
control
• Test and maintain engineering control and PPE
• Establish SWP/SOP and means of supervision
 6.4:
Use…..
• Additional contamination - leaks, spillage
and dusty floor
• Maintain housekeeping, stacking of
materials, proper aisles, good lighting
 6.5:
Disposal
• Solid, liquid or gaseous waste
• Handling of waste may affect workers health
• Integrity of containers, mixing of incompatible
wastes, training of workers, labeling of
containers, PPE and temporary site for storage.
• Disposal of waste is governed by DoE
regulations on schedule and unscheduled waste
• Disposal at approved site, maintain inventory of
waste generated, use of proper containers
• Liquid or gaseous waste must comply with
relevant regulations under EQA 1974
 6.6:
Administrative matters
• Administrative control - monitoring the
health of workers, working environment,
training and inducing cooperation and
participation of workers
• Maintain all relevant records generated
Thank You