Recitation 2

EE232: Electrical machines IGEE (ex-INELEC) Spring semester: 2023/2024
Recitation N°2: Problems Set in Magnetic circuits

Problem N°1
A cast steel circular core of cross-section of 3 cm in diameter and a mean circumference
of 80 cm. The ring is wound with a coil of 600 turns.
1. Calculate the current required in the coil to produce a flux of 0.5 mWb in the ring.
2. If a 2-mm airgap is created in the ring, find approximately the airgap flux produced
by the current obtained in (1).
3. Find the current which will produce
the same flux in the airgap as in (1).
Neglect fringing and leakage.
Refer to Fig.1 for the magnetization
characteristic of cast steel.
Fig.1 Magnetizing curve of some materials.

Problem N°2
A composite magnetic circuit of varying cross section
is shown in the figure, with N = 200 turns,
l1= 4×l2 = 40 cm, A1 = 2×A2 = 10 cm2, lg = 2 mm, μr=
4500. Neglect the leakage flux and fringing.
Calculate the current required to establish an air-gap
flux density B of 0.6 T.
Fig.2 Magnetic circuit of problem 2

Problem N°3
The magnetic circuit of Fig.3 has a core of relative
permeability μr = 2000. The depth of the core is 5
cm. The coil has 400 turns and carries a current of
1.5 A.
(a) Draw the magnetic equivalent circuit.
(b) Find the flux and the flux density in the core.
(c) Determine the inductance of the coil.
Fig.3 Magnetic circuit of problem 3.
Dr A AMMAR 1
Problem N°4
Two coils are wound on a toroidal core as shown in the figure below. The core is
made of silicon sheet steel and has a square cross section. The coil currents are i1 =
0.28 A and i2 = 0.56 A.
(a) Determine the flux density at the mean radius of the core.
(b) Assuming constant flux density (same as at the mean radius) over the cross section of
the core, determine the flux in the core.
(c) Determine the relative permeability μr of the core.
Problem N°5
Consider the solid ferromagnetic core shown in Fig.5. The depth of the solid core
is 5 cm. Assume that the relative permeability of the core is 1000 and remains constant
and that the current value in the coil is 4 A. Ignore the fringing effects at the air gap and
determine the following:
(a) Show The equivalent circuit of the given core
(b) The value of the total reluctance of the core
(c) The value of the total flux that exists in the core
(d) The individual value of each flux that exists in each leg of the core
(e) The value of flux density in each leg.
Dr A AMMAR 2
Problem N°6
Consider the toroid (ring) with inside and outside
radii at 6 and 7 cm, respectively.
Assume that 250 turns are wound around the toroid
of soft-steel casting to produce a total flux of 8.5609
×10-5 Wb in the core. If the magnetic field intensity
in the core is 1000 A·turns/m, determine the
following:
(a) The length of the average flux path in the toroid

and the cross-sectional area perpendicular to the flux
(b) The required mmf
(c) The amount of current that must flow in the turns
of the toroid
(d) The inductance of the coil
Problem N°7
Assume that the magnetic core shown in Figure is
made up of soft-steel casting with a cross-sectional
area of 200 cm2 and an average flux length of 100 cm.
If the coil has 500 turns,
Determine the following:
‒ The amount of current required to produce 0.02 Wb of flux in the core
‒ The relative permeability of the core at the current level found in Part a
‒ The reluctance of the core.
Dr A AMMAR 3
Problem N°8
Consider the magnetic core shown in Fig.7 and
notice that three sides of the core are of uniform
width, whereas the fourth side is somewhat thinner.
The depth of the core into the page is 10 cm. The
coil has 300 turns, and the relative permeability of
the core is 2000. Find the amount of flux that will be
produced in the core by a 5 A input current.

Problem N°9
Consider the magnetic core shown in Figure. Assume that it is made up of a square
shaped, uniform cross-sectional area with an air gap and a core of soft-steel casting.
The square-shaped cross-sectional area of the core is
equal to that of the air gap and is 2 × 10-3 m2.
The mean length of the flux path through the
steel core of the magnetic circuit is 0.6 m and the air-gap
length ℓg is 3 mm (or 0.003 m).
If a flux of 3 × 10-3 Wb is needed, determine the coil
ampere-turns (i.e., coil mmf) necessary to produce such
flux. Neglect the flux fringing at the air gap.

Problem N°10
The magnetic circuit of Fig.10 provides flux in the two air gaps. The coils (N1 =
700, N2 = 200) are connected in series and carry a current of 0.5 ampere. Neglect
leakage flux, reluctance of the iron and fringing at the air gaps. Determine the flux and
flux density in the air gaps.
Dr A AMMAR 4

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EE232: Electrical machines IGEE (ex-INELEC) Spring semester: 2023/2024

Recitation N°2: Problems Set in Magnetic circuits

Fig.1 Magnetizing curve of some materials.

Fig.2 Magnetic circuit of problem 2

Fig.5 Magnetic circuit of problem 5.

(a) The length of the average ﬂux path in the toroid

Fig.8 Magnetic circuit of problem 8.

Fig.9 Magnetic circuit of problem 9.

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