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Module 6

The document discusses fundamental trigonometric identities including reciprocal, quotient, Pythagorean, negative angle, and complementary angle identities. Examples are provided to demonstrate how these identities can be used to find exact values of trigonometric functions.

Uploaded by

Winie Bañagado Romay
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
30 views

Module 6

The document discusses fundamental trigonometric identities including reciprocal, quotient, Pythagorean, negative angle, and complementary angle identities. Examples are provided to demonstrate how these identities can be used to find exact values of trigonometric functions.

Uploaded by

Winie Bañagado Romay
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Module 6: Fundamental Identities

Objectives: At the end of the lesson, students will be able to


 Learn the fundamental identities,
 Use the fundamental identities to solve trigonometric functions.

Enabling Activity:

1. In a long bond paper, make a list of all the formulas discussed in this lesson. It should be

handwritten.

Discussion:

Reciprocal Identities

sin 𝜃 = 1/(csc 𝜃) csc 𝜃 = 1/(sin 𝜃)

cos 𝜃 = 1/(sec 𝜃) sec 𝜃 = 1/(cos 𝜃)

tan 𝜃 = 1/(cot 𝜃) cot 𝜃 = 1/(tan 𝜃)

Quotient Identities

tan 𝜃 = (sin 𝜃)/(cos 𝜃) cot 𝜃 = (cos 𝜃)/(sin 𝜃)

Pythagorean Identities

sin²𝜃 + cos²𝜃 = 1

1+ tan²𝜃 = sec²𝜃

1+ cot²𝜃 = csc²𝜃

Negative Angle Identities


sin(−𝜃) = −sin 𝜃 cos(−𝜃) = cos 𝜃 tan(−𝜃) = −tan 𝜃

csc(−𝜃) = −csc 𝜃 sec(−𝜃) = sec 𝜃 cot(−𝜃) = −cot 𝜃

Complementary Angle Theorem

If two acute angles add up to be 90°, they are considered complimentary.

The following are considered cofunctions:

1. sine and cosine


2. tangent and cotangent
3. secant and cosecant

The complementary angle theorem says that cofunctions of complimentary angles are equal.

Example: sin 54° = cos 36°

How can we use these identities to find exact values of trigonometric functions?

Example 1

Find the exact value of the expression

sin² 30° + cos² 30°

Solution:

Since sin² 𝜃 + cos² 𝜃 = 1, therefore, sin² 30° + cos² 30° = 1.

Example 2

Find the exact value of the expression

𝑠𝑖𝑛 45°
𝑡𝑎𝑛 45° −
𝑐𝑜𝑠 45°
Solution:

𝑠𝑖𝑛 45°
Since 𝑡𝑎𝑛 45° = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 45°, therefore, tan 45° − tan 45° = 0.

Example 3

tan 35° ⋅ cos 35° ⋅ csc 35°

Solution:

𝑠𝑖𝑛 35° 𝑐𝑜𝑠 35° 1


∙ ∙ =1
𝑐𝑜𝑠 35° 1 𝑠𝑖𝑛 35°

Example 4

tan 22° − cot 68°

Solution:

tan 22° = cot 68°, therefore cot 68° − cot 68° = 0

Example 5

cot 𝜃 = −2/3, find csc 𝜃, where 𝜃 is in quadrant II

Solution:

Pick an identity that relates cotangent to cosecant, like the Pythagorean identity

1 + cot²  = csc²  .

−2 2
1+( ) = 𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 𝜃
3

4
1+ = 𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 𝜃
9
13
= 𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 𝜃
9

13
√ = 𝑐𝑠𝑐 𝜃
9

√13
= 𝑐𝑠𝑐 𝜃
3

The positive square root is chosen because csc is positive in quadrant II

Example 6

Prove the following identity is true

cot  ⋅ sin  ∙ cos  = cos² 

Solution:

𝑐𝑜𝑠 θ sin θ cos θ


∙ ∙ = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2θ
sin θ 1 1

Main Task:

Direction: Find the exact value of the following.

1. cos²30 + cos²60
2. cot 45 – tan 45
3. sin² 53 + cos² 53
4. cot 20 ∙ tan 20

Direction: Use the given information to find the exact value of the following.
1 √3
1. sin 𝜃 = 2, cos 𝜃 = , where 𝜃 is in quadrant 1. Find tan 𝜃.
2
4
2. tan 𝜃 = − 5 , where 𝜃 is in quadrant 4. Find sec 𝜃.

Reinforcement:

Direction: Verify the following identities.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

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