4 MARKS Q

MAY/JUNE 2018
Who was Titu Mir? 4
•Syed Mir Nisar was a Bengali He reinforced traditional Muslim values He was determined
to free Bengal from British rule He organized a stand against zamindars• He set up his
own rule near Calcutta with a small army• He built a bamboo fort at Narkelbaria in 1831
and defeated the British troops sent to destroy it• He was killed in battle in 1831.
What was the Swadeshi Movement? 4
• A boycott of British goods by Hindus during / because of the Partition of Bengal, 1905–
11•British cloth was thrown onto bonfires The Hindu community wore locally produced
clothes• There were a series of strikes by Indian workers, e.g. in Calcutta
What was the Radcliffe Award? 4
•Sir Cyril Radcliffe chaired the Radcliffe Award and gave his name to it It established the
new borders of India and Pakistan in 1947, particularly in Bengal and the Punjab• He had
four assistants, two nominated by the Muslim League and two by Congress The results
were announced on 16 August 1947.
MAY/JUNE 2019

Who was Ahmad Shah Durrani? 4

• Known also as Ahmad Shah Abdali, an Afghan leader, a military genius who had
excellent tactical skills. • He beat the Marathas at the battle of Panipat in 1761, which
ended the ambitions of the Marathas. • Durrani was unable to make the most of his
victory; as his followers mutinied he gave up his idea of an Indian empire and returned to
Kabul.
Who was Lord Wellesley? 4
•Governor General of India in 1798. • Wellesley persuaded local princes / rulers to sign
subsidiary alliances. •Local rulers were also forbidden to make any other alliances. • In
1799 Wellesley invaded Mysore killing Tipu Sultan and gaining control of his lands. •
Wellesley also defeated the Nawabs of Oudh and took control of their territory.

Who was Rahmat Ali? 4

•In 1930 he left India to study law at Cambridge. • Attended conferences in London on the
position of the Hindu and Muslim communities in India. •Believed in a separate Muslim
homeland. • In 1933 he produced a pamphlet, ‘Now or Never’, which argued in favor of
partition. •Became popular amongst most Muslim groups during the 1930s. • Formed the
Pakistan National Movement. • Developed the name of Pakistan.
 MAY/JUNE 2020
Who was Mir Qasim? 4
• Nawab of Bengal [1] in 1760 [1], succeeding Mir Jafar [1]; • with the support of EIC, he
confiscated lands and wealth of people in Bengal to give to the British; • eventually he
tried to stop British influence in Bengal; • 1764 Mir Qasim fought Clive at Buxar [1], but
was defeated [1].
Who was General Dyer? 4
• A British commander; • Following demonstrations in Amritsar [1], in early 1919 [1], he
moved troops there to restore order following riots [1]; • On April 13th [1] he ordered the
troops to confront a peaceful gathering of thousands of people [1] in the Jallianwala
Bagh/public park [1] • The troops opened fire killing many people; • Dyer was later
removed from command because of his cruel actions.
What was the ‘Day of Deliverance’? 4
• On 22 December 1939 [1] Jinnah called on the Muslim community to celebrate the end
of Congress rule [1]• Jinnah appealed to all local and provincial district Muslim Leagues
[1] to hold public meetings to support this declaration [1] and appealed for these
gatherings to be held calmly and with humility [1]; • Congress objected to this
celebration [1].

MAY/JUNE 2021

Describe the achievements of Ranjit Singh.

• Ranjit Singh annexed Punjab [1], Kashmir [1] and most of Afghanistan [1] • he was a
founder of Sikh rule in the Punjab • he signed a treaty with Britain in 1809 [1] in Sindh [1]•
his expansion into Afghanistan worried Britain

Describe what happened at Allahabad in 1930.

• Allama Iqbal chaired a meeting of the Muslim League in Allahabad • in his presidential
address [1] he called for all Muslims to work towards achieving a separate homeland [1]•
he argued that Islam united Muslims into one nation [1] and there could be no peace
unless they were recognised as such [1] • he wanted some areas to be amalgamated into
a separate state (Punjab, NWFP and Balochistan) (any one named [1])
 MAY/JUNE 2022
Describe what happened at the battle of Balakot.
it took place in 1831 Syed Ahmad Barelvi was killed [1] along with Shah Ismail, his
commander[1] Syed Ahmad had hoped to liberate Kashmir and Hazara Balakot was
thought to be safe [1] as it was protected on three sides by mountains [1] Syed Ahmad
was betrayed by local leaders [1] who told the Sikhs a way through the mountains to
Balakot [1] the Sikhs led by Ranjit Singh [1] launched a surprise attack [1] who
outnumbered Syed Ahmad’s forces [1] 600 of Syed Ahmad’s forces were killed.

Describe the purpose of the Mohammedan Anglo-Oriental College.

to replicate the pattern of the English public school/university system to form the
basis of a Muslim university to offer western [1], Islamic [1] and Indian education [1]
and modernscientific developments [1] to offer the Muslim community an education [1]
comparable to that of Hindus [1] because Hindus were advancing/give Muslims the
opportunities of/ in society/status [1] and employment [1] to improve their relations with
the British [1] to become a symbol of Muslim unity to educate future leaders of
Pakistan [1] e.g. Liaquat Ali Khan/ Muhammad Ayub Khan [1]

Describe the terms of the Rowlatt Act.

people could be tried in private [1] by 3 High Court Judges [1] there was no right of
appeal people could be ordered where to live people were stopped from holding
meetings detention without bail people could be arrested without warrant [1] and
kept in prison without trial [1] it was enacted in 1919.
MAY/JUNE 2023
Describe the aims of the All-India Muslim League.

• to protect the political rights and interests of Muslims in India• to advance the political
rights and interests of Muslims in India [1] tocounter the growing influence of Congress
[1]• to represent Muslim needs and aspirations to the government of India
• to prevent the rise of hostility in Muslims towards other communities in
India• to promote feelings of loyalty to the British government• to remove any
misunderstandings among Muslims as to the intentions of any government measure.

Describe the Delhi Proposals of 1927.

the Proposals were the work of Jinnah Sindh should be separated from Bombay [1]
and should be an independent province [1]
reforms introduced in the North-West Frontier Province and Balochistan should be the
same as in any other province of India willing to accept joint electorates at the expense
of separate electorates reservation of seats according to the population for different
communitiesin the Punjab and Bengal Muslims should be given one-third
representation in the Central Legislature.
 OCT/NOV 2018
Who was Lakshmibai?
•Known as Rani of Jhansi•She led the rebel sepoys• Opposed British after they regained
control of Lucknow in 1857 during War of Independence •Tatya Topee who was an Indian
general assisted her• In June 1858 she dressed as a man and was killed by the British in
the battle for Gwalior • The war quickly came to an end after her death.

What was the Communal Award?

Announced by Ramsey MacDonald after the Second Round Table Conference •Right of
separate electorate recognised for all minorities• Principle of weightage applied•
Unpopular with the Muslim community as it reduced their majority in Punjab and Bengal.
•The Muslim community accepted it• Congress rejected it •Gandhi protested by fasting•
Untouchables were recognised as a mainstream member of Hindu society.

OCT/NOV 2019
Describe ‘The Loyal Mohammedans of India’. 4
•Written by Sir Syed Ahmad Khan; • its aims were to bring about better relations between
the British and the Muslim community; •to enable the British to understand and respect
Muslim beliefs; • to encourage consultation with the Indian people.
What was Satyagraha? 4
•Hindu word meaning truth force / holding onto truth; • A form of non-violent resistance;
•Gandhi’s idea in 1919 and saw it as having a strong spiritual force. • It involved sit-down
strikes and hunger strikes, petitions, protest marches and boycotts. • Sometimes
resulted in aggression directed at the Muslim community.
What was the Cabinet Mission Plan? 4
• 1946 Pethick-Lawrence, Cripps and Alexander were sent to India to find a settlement
acceptable to all on the constitutional future; • The plan found little common ground
between Congress and the Muslim League; • The plan proposed a system for India with
three tiers: the provinces, provincial groupings and the center; •An All-India Commission
to be formed;•The plan proposed an interim government whilst British withdrawal was
organized; • The proposal was rejected and modifications made which Congress
rejected.
;
 OCT/NOV 2020
Describe the Jizya tax.
• introduced in 1679 [1] by the Mughals [1] • a tax on non-Muslims • an alternative to
joining the Muslim army • used as a tax for protection or defense • Akbar abolished the
tax • Aurangzeb re-introduced the tax • people protested against the tax • Aurangzeb
ignored the protests and persevered with the tax.
Describe the Hijrat Movement.
• it was a religious protest [1] against the British government [1] • Islamic leaders told
their followers to leave dar-ul-harb [1] and move to an Islamic state [1] • it took place in
(August) 1920 [1] during the Khilafat Movement [1] • it involved 18000–20000 people [1]
migrating to Afghanistan • Muslim people sold their homes/farms and packed up their
possessions • Muslim emigrants were told that the Afghan government would
welcomethem [1] but the Afghan government was not welcoming [1] • the migrants were
refused entry [1] and were forcibly sent back by the Afghan government [1] • many
migrants died on the return journey.
OCT/NOV 2021
Describe what happened at the battle of Buxar.
• in 1764 [1] British forces/Hector Munro [1] fought the Indian army at Buxar/Baksar [1]•
the Nawab of Bengal/Mir Qasim [1] Shah Alam II [1] Nawab of Oudh [1] were on the Indian
side • there were (1000) British casualties [1] and (6000) Indian casualties [1] • the battle
confirmed British authority over Bengal.

Describe the events that took place at Jallianwalla Bagh in 1919.

• a peaceful demonstration [1] was being held by Indian people [1] • Jallianwalla Bagh/the
park [1] was reached by a narrow entrance with high walls [1] • British troops fired on a
crowd [1] of (20000) Indian people [1] • General Dyer commanded the British troops •
many (400) people were killed [1] and many (1200) people wounded [1] • the crowd
panicked [1] and tried to escape out of the park [1] through the narrow entrances [1]
leading to a crush [1].

Describe the Quit India Resolution.

• the decision by Congress [1] that Gandhi should lead a non-violent mass movement [1]
demanding the immediate withdrawal of the Britishfrom India [1] was passed as the Quit
India Resolution in 1942 [1]• Gandhi argued if Britain left India, Japan would no longer be
a threat • that night Gandhi and other Congress members were arrested [1] and Congress
was banned [1] • there were riots [1] and a loss of British control in some areas, [1] after
violent crackdowns on rioters by the British restored power [1] • the Muslim League
opposed the campaign [1] but sheltered activists [1] and gave financial support [1] • it
gave momentum to independence.
 OCT/NOV 2022
Describe the military actions of Nana Sahib in 1857.
• during War of Independence [1] at Kanpur [1] he led the revolt that killed British officers
[1] and Europeans [1] • a British force surrendered to him and his force, [1] having been
given a promise of a safe passage out of the area [1] • Nana Sahib fired on the British [1]
who were on barges [1] and killed 300 women and children [1] as well as all the soldiers
[1] • survivors were kept as prisoners who were killed [1] when British reinforcements
arrived [1] • he was never captured [1].
Describe the impact of Lord Curzon on India.
• he became Viceroy of India [1] in 1898 [1] • in 1905 [1] he decided to partition Bengal [1]
• it was partitioned into West Bengal and East Bengal • protests took place in Bengal
because of his decision • the Muslim community supported his decision • Hindu groups
boycotted British goods because of his decision • long-term, partition was reversed in
1911 • long-term, it weakened the position of Muslims [1] and strengthened the position
of Hindus [1]
Describe the terms of the Nehru Report.
It called for:
• the constitutional guarantee of fundamental rights [1] including freedom of conscience
and liberty [1] • central government was to be responsible for peace and order •
immediate Dominion status for India [1] whilst remaining a member of the
Commonwealth [1] accepting the British monarch as Head of State [1] • India to become a
federation with a 2-chamber parliament • no separate electorates • the protection of
minorities [1] through a system of reserving seats in central parliament [1] • the vote for
all men and women • men and women should have equal rights as citizens • no state
religion. • Hindi to be made the official language of India•
OCT/NOV 2023
Describe the ‘Hindi–Urdu Controversy’.
• it took place in 1867 • Hindus demanded Hindi be the official language [1] not Urdu [1]
• Sir Syed Ahmad Khan and members of the Muslim community saw this as an attack on their
rights [1] as it had a special meaning to them [1] • Hindu members of Sir Syed’s Scientific
Society [1] wanted their journal published in Hindi [1] • there was a growing belief that
interests of Hindus clashed with those of Muslims • this led to Sir Syed’s Two Nation Theory

Describe the terms of the Lucknow Pact of 1916.

• Congress agreed to concessions with the Muslim League • Muslims had the right to
separate electorates • Muslims should be given one third of seats in Councils • both parties
wanted more seats in Councils • the protection of minorities • the provinces to have
autonomy • the proposals to be binding on the British • the executive should be separated
from the judiciary • no Act affecting a community could be agreed if ¾ of the representatives
of that community opposed it • motions passed by large majorities in the Councils should be
accepted as binding by the British government .