S Part 006

‫بسم هللا الرحمن الرحيم‬
Statistic
Part 00 6
An interval estimate
‫محمد شكرى‬:‫د‬.‫ا‬
T -Distribution
A t-distribution is the whole set of t values measured for every possible random
sample for specific sample size or a particular degree of freedom. It approximates the
shape of normal distribution.Let x have a normal distribution with mean ‘μ’ for the
sample of size ‘n’ with sample mean x̄ and the sample standard deviation ‘s’, then the t
variable has student’s t-distribution with a degree of freedom, d.f = n – 1. The formula
for t-distribution is given by;
Example
Suppose that the students gride in statistic is normally distributed with mean
15.Chose a random sample of size 20 and standard devation of sample 3 .What is
probability that sample mean less than 16.7
Solution
Properties of T Distribution
• It ranges from −∞ to +∞.

• It has a bell-shaped curve and symmetry similar to normal
distribution.
• The shape of the t-distribution varies with the change in degrees of
freedom.
• The variance of the t-distribution is always greater than ‘1’ and is
limited only to 3 or more degrees of freedom. It means this
distribution has a higher dispersion than the standard normal
distribution.
Example
The CEO of light bulbs manufacturing company claims that an average light bulb
lasts 300 days. A researcher randomly selects 15 bulbs for testing. The sampled
bulbs last an average of 290 days, with a standard deviation of 50 days. If the
CEO’s claim were true, what is the probability that 15 randomly selected bulbs
would have an average life of no more than 290 days?
Solution
. ‫يوم‬300 ‫يدعي الرئيس التنفيذي لشركة تصنيع المصابيح الكهربائية أن متوسط المصباح الكهربائي يدوم‬
‫ مع‬، ‫يوما‬290 ‫تدوم المصابيح التي تم أخذ عينات منها في المتوسط‬. ‫لمبة لالختبار‬15 ‫يختار باحث عشوائيا‬
15 ‫ فما احتمال أال يزيد متوسط عمر‬،‫إذا كان ادعاء الرئيس التنفيذي صحيحا‬. ‫يوما‬50 ‫انحراف معياري يبلغ‬
‫يوما؟‬290 ‫لمبة تم اختيارها عشوائيا عن‬
t=−0.7745966
Since we will work with the raw data, we select “Sample mean” from
the Random Variable dropdown box.
• The degrees of freedom are equal to 15 – 1 = 14.
• Assuming the CEO’s claim is true, the population mean equals 300.
• The sample mean equals 290.
• The standard deviation of the sample is 50.
‫تعرف فترة الثقة بأنها المدى الذي تقع فيه القيمة الحقيقية ل ‪ parameter‬معين‬
‫في المجتمع متوسط أو نسبة أو تباين باحتمال معين يسمى معامل الثقة ويكون ذلك‬
‫المدى بين حدين حد أعلى وحد أدنى‬
‫ومعامل الثقة هو احتمال وقوع القيمة المقدرة بين حدي الثقة األعلى واألدنى‬
‫ويكون احتمال عدم وقوع القيمة المقدرة بين حدي الثقة معبرا عن مستوى‬
‫المعنوي أو مستوى االختالف‬
An interval estimate Confidence interval
Confidence interval An interval estimate
(a) Confidence interval for the meanof a normal distribution when SD known
 
x-z / 2    x+z / 2
n n
Example: 3.3
Determine a 95% confidence interval for the mean of a normal distribution with variance
σ2 = 9 using a sample of n=100 values with mean
Solution
𝝈 𝑍∝ 𝟑 × 𝟏. 𝟗𝟔
2
= 𝟎. 𝟓𝟖𝟖
𝒏 𝟏𝟎𝟎
The confidence interval is

Example: 3.4
Find "n" in the last example which is necessary to obtain a 95% confidence interval of
length L=0.4
Solution:
𝑍𝛼Τ2 = 1.96
𝝈 𝝈 𝝈
The confidence interval [𝑿 − 𝒁∝ , ഥ
𝑿 + 𝒁∝ ] has length 𝟐 ∗ 𝒁∝
𝟐 𝒏 𝟐 𝒏 𝟐 𝒏
 2a 
2
n = 
 L 
2
2 × 1.96 × 3
𝑛= ≈ 870
0.4
Solution
Confidence interval of the Difference Between Two Means
‫فتره الثقه للفرق بين متوسطين‬
Consider two populations with statistic parameters:
• The 1st with mean 𝝁𝟏 and variance 𝝈𝟐𝟏
• The 2nd with mean 𝝁𝟐 and variance 𝝈𝟐𝟐

Confidence interval of the Difference Between Two Means ( 𝝁𝟏 - 𝝁𝟐 )
Select a sample from 1st population with size 𝒏𝟏 and sample from 2nd
population with size 𝒏𝟐 which have parameters
• The 1st sample with mean𝑿𝟏 and variance 𝑺𝟐𝟏
• The 2nd sample with mean 𝑿𝟐 and variance 𝑺𝟐𝟐

The sample distribution of 𝑿𝟏 − 𝑿𝟐 Used to obtain inference to 𝝁𝟏 - 𝝁𝟐
𝜎12 𝜎22 𝜎12 𝜎22

𝑿 𝟏 − 𝑿𝟐 − 𝒁∝ ∗ 𝑛1
+𝑛 , (𝑿𝟏 − 𝑿𝟐 )) + 𝒁∝ ∗ 𝑛1
+𝑛 ]
𝟐 2 𝟐 2
Example
In an analysis of the level of daily wage for workers in two executive sites
for engineering construction, two random samples of workers were
withdrawn from the two sites, so the following data for the sites
populations sample average daily
size wage
first site 200 280
second site 100 275
If it is known from previous experience that the wage standard deviations in the
first site is 5 pounds per day and in the second site 4 pounds per day required to
find a confidence period of 95% for the difference between the average wage in
the two sites using the data of the two samples
Solution
‫في تحليل لمستوى األجر اليومى للعمال في موقععين تنفيذيين إلنشاءات هندسية سحب من الموقعان‬
‫عينتين عشوائيات من العمال فكانت البيانات التالية للمواقع الموقع األول والموقع الثاني وحجم العينة‬
‫ومتوسط األجر اليومي فإذا كان معلوم من الخبرة السابقة أن االنحراف المعيارى في الموقع األول‬
‫ للفرق بين متوسطي‬%95 ‫ جنيه يوميا المطلوب إيجاد فترة الثقة‬4 ‫ جنيه يوميا وفي الموقع الثاني‬5
‫األجر في الموقعين باستخدام بيانات العينتين الحل‬
Solution
Confidence interval for population proportion (p)
Example
In the Faculty of Engineering, Tanta University, a sample was taken from 1010
students and it was found that among them 202 students whose tallest is greater than
1.95 cm .Find the confidence interval for the Faculty of Engineering population for a
longer percentage of 1.95 cm of students(proportion)
Solution
‫السالم عليكم ورحمة هللا‬

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‫بسم هللا الرحمن الرحيم‬

• It ranges from −∞ to +∞.

The confidence interval is

• The 1st with mean 𝝁𝟏 and variance 𝝈𝟐𝟏

• The 2nd with mean 𝝁𝟐 and variance 𝝈𝟐𝟐

• The 1st sample with mean𝑿𝟏 and variance 𝑺𝟐𝟏

• The 2nd sample with mean 𝑿𝟐 and variance 𝑺𝟐𝟐

𝜎12 𝜎22 𝜎12 𝜎22

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