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    ITT400 Tutorial3

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    erin zulkifli
    The document discusses digital transmission techniques. It defines terms like data rate, signal rate, baseline wandering, DC component, and characteristics of self-synchronizing signals. Line coding schemes like unipolar, polar, and bipolar are listed. Block coding and scrambling are defined along with their purposes. The differences between PCM, DM, parallel and serial transmission are described. Serial transmission techniques like asynchronous, synchronous and isochronous are also explained.

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    ITT400 Tutorial3

    Uploaded by

    erin zulkifli
    21 views3 pages
    The document discusses digital transmission techniques. It defines terms like data rate, signal rate, baseline wandering, DC component, and characteristics of self-synchronizing signals. Line coding schemes like unipolar, polar, and bipolar are listed. Block coding and scrambling are defined along with their purposes. The differences between PCM, DM, parallel and serial transmission are described. Serial transmission techniques like asynchronous, synchronous and isochronous are also explained.

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    The document discusses digital transmission techniques. It defines terms like data rate, signal rate, baseline wandering, DC component, and characteristics of self-synchronizing signals. Line coding schemes like unipolar, polar, and bipolar are listed. Block coding and scrambling are defined along with their purposes. The differences between PCM, DM, parallel and serial transmission are described. Serial transmission techniques like asynchronous, synchronous and isochronous are also explained.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    21 views3 pages

    ITT400 Tutorial3

    Uploaded by

    erin zulkifli
    The document discusses digital transmission techniques. It defines terms like data rate, signal rate, baseline wandering, DC component, and characteristics of self-synchronizing signals. Line coding schemes like unipolar, polar, and bipolar are listed. Block coding and scrambling are defined along with their purposes. The differences between PCM, DM, parallel and serial transmission are described. Serial transmission techniques like asynchronous, synchronous and isochronous are also explained.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 3

    UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA SHAH ALAM

    COLLEGE OF COMPUTING, INFORMATIC AND MATHEMATICS

    Tutorial 3: Digital Transmission


    Name: Norarbai’yah binti Zulkifli
    Class: CDCS2402B
    Subject: ITT400
    Instructions
    a. Answer all questions.
    b. Please submit your tutorial in Google Classroom in PDF File.

    1. List three techniques of digital-to-digital conversion.

    • Line coding
    • Block coding
    • Scrambling

    2. Distinguish between a signal element and a data element.

    Data element : The smallest entity that can represent a piece of information (bit).
    Signal element : The shortest unit of a digital signal to carry a data element.

    3. Distinguish between data rate and signal rate.

    Data rate : The number of data elements (bits) sent in 1 s. Unit is bps.
    Signal rate : The number of signal elements sent in 1 s. Unit in baud

    4. Define baseline wandering and its effect on digital transmission.

    The baseline is a running average of the received signal power and a drift in the baseline is called baseline
    wandering. A long string of 0s or1s can cause the baseline wadering and make it difficult for the receiver
    to decoding a digital signal correctly.

    5. Define a DC component and its effect on digital transmission.

    The signal that have zero frequency and the average amplitude is nonzero.
    When the voltage level in a digital signal is constant for a while, the spectrum creates very low frequences
    which called DC components. Its present problems for a system that cannot pass low frequencies.

    6. Define the characteristics of a self-synchronizing signal.

    The method to correctly interpret the signals received from the sender.

    7. List five line coding schemes discussed in this book.

    • Unipolar
    • Polar
    • Bipolar
    • Multilevel
    • Multitransition
    UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA SHAH ALAM
    COLLEGE OF COMPUTING, INFORMATIC AND MATHEMATICS

    8. Define block coding and give its purpose.

    Block coding is a visual programming language where code is represent as blocks that user grad and drop
    to create programs. Its purpose to simplify coding, especially for beginners or those without coding
    experience, by removing the need to write complex syntax and focusing on logical structures.

    9. Define scrambling and give its purpose.

    Scrambling refers to the process of rearranging elements of a message, data, or informationin a way that
    makes it difficult to understand without the appropriate decryption key or algorithm. Its purpose is to
    enhance security and privacy by ensuring that unauthorized and individuals cannot interpret the original
    content.

    10. Compare and contrast PCM and DM.

    PCM is technique to change an analog signal to digital data and have three process which is sampling,
    quantizing, encoding.

    11. What are the differences between parallel and serial transmission?

    Parallel : Send data n bits at a time using n channels.


    Serial : Send data one bit follows another using one channel

    12. List three different techniques in serial transmission and explain the differences.

    • Asynchronous – The timing of signal is unimportant. A byte is sent with one start bit (0) at the
    beginning and one or more stop bits (1) at the end of each byte.
    • Synchronous – The bit stream is combined into longer frames , which may contain multiple bytes.
    Bytes are sent one after another without start and stop bits or gap.
    • Isochronous – All bits in the whole stream must be synchronized. It guarantee that the data arrive
    a the fixed rate.
    UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA SHAH ALAM
    COLLEGE OF COMPUTING, INFORMATIC AND MATHEMATICS

    13. Using 11100010 data streams, Draw the graph using each of the following scheme

    a-unipolar-NRZ

    b-polar-rn,nrz l,nrzi,man,dif man

    c-bipolar-ami

    Cond Cond 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0
    0

    unipolar-NRZ

    RZ

    NRZ-L

    NRZ-I

    MAN

    DIF MAN

    bipolar-ami

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