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Python 101

The document provides an overview of the Python programming language including its history, installation, basic syntax, data types, operators, conditional statements, loops, lists and functions. Key points covered include Python being created in 1989, being free and open source, how to install it on different operating systems, basic math, string and boolean operations, if/else conditional blocks, while and for loops, and using lists.

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darrenkhosma
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8 views

Python 101

The document provides an overview of the Python programming language including its history, installation, basic syntax, data types, operators, conditional statements, loops, lists and functions. Key points covered include Python being created in 1989, being free and open source, how to install it on different operating systems, basic math, string and boolean operations, if/else conditional blocks, while and for loops, and using lists.

Uploaded by

darrenkhosma
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Python 101

@sam
History 101
● Created by Dutch programmer Guido Van Rossum, as a hobby project in
89.
● Named after the british comedy group, Monty Python
● First official release was in 1990
● Most recent release was in June 18.
● Free and Open Source - Free as in Freedom
Installing Python
● Pre-installed on OS-X and linux.
● Windows binaries from http://python.org/
● Open the terminal on your computer and type python to test if the install
is working
● Exit the python interpreter with Ctrl-D
Example
x = 34 - 23 # A comment.

y = ”Hello” # Another one.

z = 3.45

if z == 3.45 or y == “Hello”:

x = x + 1

y = y + “ World” # String concat.

print x

print y
Numbers in python
Integers - No fractional part, example 3

Float - Fractional part, example 2.1

What about 3.0?


Mathematics
● Five operators, +(addition), - (subtraction) * (multiplication), / (division)
and % (modulo)
● The first four have their usual meaning and applicable for integers and
float
● a%b is gives the remainder when a is divided by b. Only for integers
● Open python on your terminal and try
○ 5+6
○ 31-11
○ 5%2
○ 7/3
Strings
● Strings are simply text data.
● Denoted using ‘ ’or “ ”.
● Example, “hello world”
● On your terminal try print “Hello world”
● Also try print “Hello” + “ “ + ‘world’
Boolean
● Data types that store a boolean value (True or False)
● They are often the result of a comparison
● Used with comparison operators, > , < , >=, <= and == (sic)
● The comparison operators return a True or a False value
● Examples , try on your terminal
○ 5 > 6 ----> False
○ 6.3 <= 100.0 ----> True
○ 6.3 == 100.0 ----> False
○ “A” == ‘A” ----> True
Logical Operators
● Three logical operators and, or, not
● They work on Boolean
● and takes two parameters and returns True if both of them are True
● or takes two parameters and returns False if both of them are False
● not takes one arguments and inverts that.
● Examples
○ True and True
○ 4 > 5 or 7 < 2
○ not False
Brackets
● Denote order of computation in case you are in doubt
● Example -
○ 3*5 - 1 will give 14
○ 3 * (5 - 1) will give 12
● What will be the output of (11 > 2 and 5 > 1.1) or (3 > 1) ?
Variables
● Named entities that store a particular value.
● The values can be altered.
● Assignment is done using = sign.
● Variables can be assigned any value in python, not bound to a data-type
● Variables can be re-assigned the values any time
● question?
X = 42

X = “The answer to life, universe and everything”

print X
Spaces and Indentation
● Unlike other languages spaces and indentation matter in python
● No semicolon at the end.
● Newline denotes the end of line
● No braces
● The first line with less indentation is outside of the block.
● The first line with more indentation starts a nested block
Conditional Statements
● Very often there is a need to make decisions in code and branch out
● For example, trying to write a program to achieve this
○ If marks are more than 40 student passes
○ Else the student fails
● Python provides three conditional statements for this
○ if
○ elif
○ Else
● They are often combined with logical operators and, or , not
Translating the previous scenario to code,
if marks >= 42:

print “Pass”

else:

print “fail”
if marks > 90:

print “A”

elif markes > 75:

print “B”

elif marks > 60:

print “C”

elif marks > 40:

print “D”

else:

print “F"
Lists in python
● Used to store a list of values
● Example a = [1, ‘1’, 2, ‘2’]
● A list can be indexed to fetch individual elements, example,
○ a[0] will give first element
○ a[1] will give the second element
○ A[length - 1] will give the last element
● A list can also be indexed from the end, example,
○ a[-1] will give the last element.
○ a[-2] will give the second element from last.
○ How will you get the first element using negative index?
● Strings are lists of characters
● Try on your terminal,
○ ‘Hello’[-1]
● Lists can be dynamically appended at runtime
● The syntax is using a .append
● Example - :
○ a = [1,2,3]
○ a.append(4)
○ print a
Loops
● Loops are programming constructs that enable you to repeat a set of
instructions
● Assume you need to print your name, 100 times. You can write the print
statement and copy it hundred times, or use a loop
● To achieve the above you can try
i = 0

while i < 100:

print “Sam”

i += 1
● The previous example creates a variable i with a value 0.
● It then starts a “loop”, while i is less than 100,(i.e. i < 100 is True) the two
statements in the block will be executed.
● The first statement is what we need to execute, print the name.
● The second statement increases the value of i by 1.
● This ensures that the loop is stopped sometime in the future. If you don’t
increase the value of i, i < 100 will never be False
● Try executing the above code, without the last statement.
Another example
i = 0

while i < 100

print i

i = i*2

i = 1

while i < 100

print i

i = i * 2
For Loops
● Another Kind of loop is a for loop.
● Syntax is something like for <a> in <list b>:
● Example
A = [1,2,3,4]

for i in A:

print i

● It is used to iterate over a list


Questions?
Future Reading
Beginners

● https://wiki.python.org/moin/BeginnersGuide/Programmers
● Coursera - https://www.coursera.org/learn/python
● Books - Learn Python the Hard Way
● https://www.codecademy.com/learn/learn-python
● Different language programmers - http://tdc-www.harvard.edu/Python.pdf

Intermediate

● Python Wiki - https://wiki.python.org/moin/BeginnersGuide/Programmers

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