Chapter II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Foreign Literature

As noted by Othman et al. (2020) about 2 million plastic tons are thrown into

bodies of water each year, where they eventually washed away toward the ocean.

Some marine animals die right away after consuming plastic, but not all living marine

creatures are targets or carriers of dangerous diseases. There are several known

negative impacts of plastic pollution on the environment and society. The methodology,

a classification of waste cleaning methods, and the initiatives taken to solve this issue

will all be covered in this paper.

According to (Nurlansa et al., 2014) the goal if this research is to build ana

Automated Garbage Collector, a robot with rotors designed as automatic trash collector

to prevent waste from stacking up in the river, which is not properly or efficiently. Design

and building the implementation strategy. Thes approach consists of needs analysis,

component analysis, engineering, developing, and testing for both software and

hardware. Using ultrasonic sensors in floating water waste collection system can help to

improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the collection process by allowing the

system to detect and track debris in real-time, and to respond quickly to changing

conditions ine the water. However, it is important note the ultrasonic sensors may not be

able to detect all types of floating debris, and they may be affected by factors such as

water temperature and turbidity. As such it may be necessary to use multiple sensors or

other types of sensors in order to ensure comprehensive coverage and accurate

direction. (Patil et al., 2023)

This article describes the constructions of a robot to collect floating debris on the

water surface. The design of water robots must consider three key factors, including

cost effectiveness and durability. The robot’s structure was created with a car-like
mechanism that is both sturdy and user-friendly, making it ideal for cleaning tasks and

containing all waste over the water (Gaikwad et al., 2020). The disposal of household

garbage into lakes or rivers results in a decline in water quality, which eventually has a

more significant effect on water pollution. A number of nations constructed partially and

completely automated vessels that integrated the latest technology and the new system

to make the process of collecting trash easier. The development of automated vehicles

is important for cutting down on waste and the amount of labor needed to handle

cleaning tasks.The goal of this project is to create a Water Trash Collector(WTC)model

with high stability and build a vehicle made primarily of stainles steel (Abidin et al.,

2020).

Local Literature

According to Aguinaldo et al. (2021) Based on the experimental results of the

study, it can be concluded that an automated plastic collector is effective in segregating

school plastic waste, while an improvised pyrolysis system shows a promising result in

the conversion of school plastic waste into useful oil. Also, it is recommended that the

modification of the low-cost pyrolysis chamber used in this research will be done. Gas

Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GCMS) testing is also recommended to identify

the chemical properties of the yielded oil in the pyrolysis.

The main objective of this project is to create an accurate scale prototype of a

trash collector and compactor for solid wastes that effectively keep things clean and

prevent floods (Cruz et al., 2023). It is going to be an extra way to cut down on cleaning

by hand and the traditional method of capturing floating solid garbage with nets, which

involves people collecting trash on canals. In order to determine the ideal features,

those who support them have taken into account a variety of variables and possibilities.

and the most practical and sane design choice.

Entrino (2023), stated that the researcher come up with the idea of developing

and conducting this study addressing floating marine debris, is because of the
observation in the seawater of Magapo-3 which there are too many plastics that floating

in the seawater. The researchers called their study as SEAGOP: Sea Garbage

Obtaining Pump-bin and according to the researchers is a version of the Seabin V5.

The model was made using might materials in a reason for it to balance in the surface

of water. It has a pump that sucks the garbage and it is powered using batteries. This

device is essential to help control the enlarging issue of floating marine waste.

Students from De La Salle University won the local version of the National

Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA) International Space Apps Challenge

from October 18 to 20. The students of De La Salle University created a movable and

automated ocean waste collection system using space data to locate garbage that is

nearby. According to the Industry Development Committee, the Analytics Association of

the Philippines chairman, and former Department of Information and Communications

Technology former undersecretary Monchito B. Ibrahim, "This is a very futuristic solution

to help get rid of plastics currently floating or submerged in global waters. It is a timely

and relevant solution.” (Newsbytes. Ph, 2019).

Water pollution is a persistent issue in the Philippines that is eventually poisoning the waterways that
round the nation, endangering both marine life and Filipino lives. In order to collect floating water
garbage, the developers created the Aquatic Garbage Gatherer Operated System, which is controlled via
a mobile application. In addition to being able to gather trash and float, the robot should also be
operated via a mobile application and be able to draw power from a solar panel and rechargeable
battery. The robot's point of view (POV), battery and container status, and mobility should all be
displayed by the mobile application (Valderama et al., 2018).

Foreign Studies

This study shows the results of a prototype water garbage collector that can

collect garbage on the water's surface, floating, and get partially submerged in the

water. It has been proven through multiple trial configurations that using the MIT

smartphone application, remote navigation control of the water waste collector's

Water pollution is a persistent issue in the Philippines that is eventually poisoning

the waterways that round the nation, endangering both marine life and Filipino lives. In

order to collect floating water garbage, the developers created the Aquatic Garbage

Gatherer Operated System, which is controlled via a mobile application. In addition to

being able to gather trash and float, the robot should also be operated via a mobile

application and be able to draw power from a solar panel and rechargeable battery. The

robot's point of view (POV), battery and container status, and mobility should all be

displayed by the mobile application. Additionally, it ought to have a user guide and

frequently asked questions (FAQ) to help and assist the user. As soon as the project's

goals were mentioned, the developers applied the prototyping technique. Results from

the development and testing of the mobile application and robot indicate that its

functionalities align with the developers' objectives. With a battery that lasts at least 4

hours, AGGOS can effectively gather trash such bottles and cans on surface water that

range in size from 17 to 29 pieces. When there are no obstacles in the way, the mobile

application and the robot can communicate up to 60 metres apart. Moreover, the

camera feed is displayed, the robot's battery life is detected, and its bin status is tracked

via the mobile application. Following testing, certain features were found to be lacking;

these included the need to improve the robot's Bluetooth module, camera module,

sensors, conveyor belt, and light source material. Other potential improvements

included the ability to modify the robot's speed within the mobile application and the

inclusion of an alert system that would work with both the robot and the mobile

application.

This study (automated trash collector design) will cover the approach, the

categorization of waste disposal systems, and the initiatives taken to address the issue.

To differentiate between their levels of efficacy, static and dynamic systems have been

classified. Regarding this study, a dynamic, totally autonomous system will be the main

focus of the suggested design. It has several sensor types integrated into its
multifunctional architecture. The innovation and distinction of the suggested design in

relation to previous ones both in terms of architecture and functionality are also

highlighted in this study (Caesarendra et al., 2020).

Local Studies

The study of Bagalay et al. (2022) aimed to design an eco-friendly portable water

waste collector. It has a system that acts like a whirlpool that consumes the garbage

that floating in the different bodies of water, in addition the system has a filter that would

store and hold all the consumed garbage and has pump that would push out the water

that is now waste free into the bodies of water. And the power source of the portable

water waste collector would be batteries or solar panels. The data that they use in

designing the proposed water waste collector was gathered through online journals.

The study is aiming to design and develop a prototype of solid waste collector

and determine if it is effective and the level of its acceptability in terms of accuracy,

weight load, workability, usefulness, safety measures, maintenance, and the volume of

the waste collected. The goal of developing the solid waste collector is to minimize the

water pollution which is the effect of throwing solid waste directly or indirectly into the

water stream. The machine can run in 3cycles within 9 hours and each cycle run for 5

minutes with 3 hours interval (Masikip, 2017).

The researchers were able to make findings for this study based on the data that they had

collected and assessed. According to the findings of the research's testing, the Mini-Garbage

Collector Ship—which was developed by the staff of Arellano University in Malabon—is a

viable alternative cleaning tool for gathering floating debris in lakes and rivers. This is

something that the general public finds acceptable. The Mini-Garbage Collector is sturdy,

safe, and efficient all at once because of the researchers' excellent construction and

modifications.
Othman, H., Petra, M. I., De Silva, L. C., & Caesarendra, W. (2020). Automated trash collector design.

Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1444(1), 012040. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-

6596/1444/1/012040

Kamarudin, N. a. S., Nordin, I. N. a. M., Misman, D., Khamis, N., Razif, M. R. M., & Noh, F. H. M.

(2021). Development of water surface mobile garbage collector robot. Alınteri Zirai Bilimler

Dergisi, 36(1), 534–540. https://doi.org/10.47059/alinteri/v36i1/ajas21076

Angelyck, J., Cruz, M., Espinueva, T., Matthew, V., Labrador, F., Maria, T., & Mendoza. (2023). Filtrar: A

Canal Solid Waste Collector and Compactor Machine.

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