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Projectile Theory

A projectile is any object thrown into space upon which the only acting force is gravity. Projectile motion refers to the motion of objects thrown or projected near the Earth's surface where gravity is the only acceleration. The path of a projectile is a parabolic curve. Key equations describe the maximum height, range, velocity, and trajectory of projectiles.

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Sourjya Dutta
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9 views

Projectile Theory

A projectile is any object thrown into space upon which the only acting force is gravity. Projectile motion refers to the motion of objects thrown or projected near the Earth's surface where gravity is the only acceleration. The path of a projectile is a parabolic curve. Key equations describe the maximum height, range, velocity, and trajectory of projectiles.

Uploaded by

Sourjya Dutta
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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What is Projectile?

A projectile is any object thrown into space upon which the only acting force is gravity. The primary force acting on a projectile
is gravity. This doesn’t necessarily mean that other forces do not act on it, just that their effect is minimal compared to gravity.
The path followed by a projectile is known as a trajectory. A baseball batted or thrown is an example of the projectile.

What is Projectile Motion?


When a particle is thrown obliquely near the earth’s surface, it moves along a curved path under constant acceleration that is
directed towards the centre of the earth (we assume that the particle remains close to the surface of the earth). The path of such a
particle is called a projectile and the motion is called projectile motion.

In a Projectile Motion, there are two simultaneous independent rectilinear motions:


1. Along the x-axis: uniform velocity, responsible for the horizontal (forward) motion of the particle.
2. Along y-axis: uniform acceleration, responsible for the vertical (downwards) motion of the particle.
Acceleration in the horizontal projectile motion and vertical projectile motion of a particle: When a particle is projected in
the air with some speed, the only force acting on it during its time in the air is the acceleration due to gravity (g). This
acceleration acts vertically downward. There is no acceleration in the horizontal direction, which means that the velocity of the
particle in the horizontal direction remains constant.

Parabolic Motion of Projectiles :


Let us consider a ball projected at an angle θ with respect to the horizontal x-axis with the initial velocity u as shown below:

The point O is called the point of projection; θ is the angle of projection and OB = Horizontal Range or Simply Range. The
total time taken by the particle from reaching O to B is called the time of flight.
For finding different parameters related to projectile motion, we can make use of differential equations of motions

Therefore, the total time of flight (t):

Horizontal Range: Horizontal Range (OA) = Horizontal component of velocity (ux) × Total Flight Time (t)
R = u cos θ × 2u×sinθg
Therefore, in a projectile motion the Horizontal Range is given by (R):
Maximum Height: It is the highest point of the trajectory (point A). When the ball is at point A,
the vertical component of the velocity will be zero. i.e. 0 = (u sin θ)2 – 2g Hmax [s = Hmax , v =
0 and u = u sin θ]
Therefore, in projectile motion, the Maximum Height is given by (Hmax):

The equation of Trajectory:: Let at time t, projectile be at a height y while covering a


horizontal distance x. Then,
x = ucosθ and y = (usinθ)t – ½ g t2
or, y = x tanθ - g x2 / ( 2u2cos2θ) which represents equation of
trajectory ; this is same as equation of parabola. Thus it proves that path of
projectile is a parabola.

Q1. For range to be maximum, what should be the angle of projection? Also find maximum range.
Q2. If a a projectile covers a maximum range R, then what maximum height it will attain?
Q3. If your best long jump is a distance L th4e3n simultaneously what height you must have scaled?
Q4. you can throw a ball maximum to a distance R. If you throw the ball upward with same speed
Then what height it will attain?
Q5 If the range is R .for angle of projection 300 , then what would be the range for angle of projection 60 0?
What would be ratio of maxm height attained in two cases?
Q6. If velocity of projection be U at angle of projection 600 , then what would be the velocity of the projectile at
Topmost position?
Q7. If K.E.. of projection be E at angle of projection 60 0, then what will be the K.E. at topmost position?
Q8. Velocity of projection is (3i + 4j). find i) angle of projection ii) time of flight iii) maxm height iv) range
Q9. From top of a tower of height H, a projectile is thrown horizontally with velocity U. find i) Time of flight
ii) Range iii) velocity with which it will hit the ground.
Q10. A bomb on a field suddenly explodes . Find the area affected if maximum velocity of splinters be V.
Horizontal projectile motion : Derivation and formula

Trajectory of the projectile


This is the equation of parabola. So, the trajectory of the projectile fired parallel to the horizontal is
a parabola.

The velocity of the projectile at any time

Time of flight It is the total time for which the projectile remains in flight (from O to A)
Let T be the time of flight for vertical downward motion of the body
Horizontal Range

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