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    Hydroelectric Power Plant

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    bacalsojvahron
    The document discusses types of hydroelectric turbines and how to select the appropriate turbine based on head. It provides formulas and explanations for calculating hydroelectric power plant components and output. Sample problems are also included.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Hydroelectric Power Plant

    Uploaded by

    bacalsojvahron
    21 views16 pages
    The document discusses types of hydroelectric turbines and how to select the appropriate turbine based on head. It provides formulas and explanations for calculating hydroelectric power plant components and output. Sample problems are also included.

    Original Title

    HYDROELECTRIC-POWER-PLANT

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    The document discusses types of hydroelectric turbines and how to select the appropriate turbine based on head. It provides formulas and explanations for calculating hydroelectric power plant components and output. Sample problems are also included.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    21 views16 pages

    Hydroelectric Power Plant

    Uploaded by

    bacalsojvahron
    The document discusses types of hydroelectric turbines and how to select the appropriate turbine based on head. It provides formulas and explanations for calculating hydroelectric power plant components and output. Sample problems are also included.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    You are on page 1of 16

    HYDROELECTRIC POWER

    PLANT

    Instructor: Engr. John Roland M. Arcallana


    HYDROELECTRIC POWER PLANT
    Turbine type selection base on head, ft.

    Net Head Type of Turbine


    Up to 70 feet Propeller type
    70 ft. to 110 ft. Propeller type or Francis
    110 ft. to 800 ft. Francis Turbine
    800 ft. to 1300 ft. Francis or Impulse
    1300 ft. and above Impulse Turbine
    Types of Hydraulic Turbine
    1. Impulse turbine (use for high head)
    A. Pelton wheel B. Jonval Turbine C. Turbo Turbine
    D. Girard Turbine E. Banki Turbine

    2. Reaction turbine
    A. Francis Turbine (use for medium head)
    B. Propeller Turbine (short head)
    1. Fixed Blade 2. Adjustable Blade(Kaplan)
    C. Deriaz Turbine
    Basic Parts of Storage Type Hydroelectric Plant
    Formulas:
    1. Gross head, hg
    hg = Head Water Elevation - Tail Water Elevation
    hg = H.W. Elev. - T. W. Elev.
    2. Friction head loss, hf

    a. Using Darcy’s Equation:


    𝒇𝑳𝒗𝟐
    hf =
    𝟐𝒈𝑫
    b. Using Morse Equation:
    𝟐
    hf = 𝟐𝒇𝑳𝒗
    𝒈𝑫
    where:
    f = coefficient of friction
    L = length of penstock, m
    v = velocity, m/sec
    g = 9.81 m/sec
    D = inside diameter, m

    3. Net head, h

    h = hg - hf
    𝒉
    4. Penstock efficiency =
    𝒉𝒈
    5. Volume flow of water, Q
    Q=Axv
    where:
    A = area
    v = velocity
    6. Water Power, Pw
    Pw = w Q h
    where:
    w = density of water
    = 9.81 KN/m3
    = 1000 kg/m3
    = 62.4 lb/ft3
    7. Turbine efficiency:
    𝑩𝒓𝒂𝒌𝒆 𝑷𝒐𝒘𝒆𝒓
    ηT = 𝑾𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒓 𝑷𝒐𝒘𝒆𝒓
    8. Generator efficiency:
    Generator Output
    nG =
    𝑩𝒓𝒂𝒌𝒆 𝑷𝒐𝒘𝒆𝒓

    9. Turbine Output:
    WT = Q w h T
    where:
    T = turbine efficiency
    10. Generator output =
    where: Q w h t G
    G = Generator Efficiency
    13. Head of Pelton (Impulse) turbine:

    𝑷 𝒗𝟐
    h= +
    𝒘 𝟐𝒈
    14. Head of Reaction (Francis and Kaplan) turbine:

    𝑷 (𝑽𝒂𝟐 −𝑽𝒃𝟐 )
    h= + +𝒛
    𝑾 𝟐𝒈
    15. Peripheral coefficient, 
    𝑷𝒆𝒓𝒊𝒑𝒉𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒍 𝑽𝒆𝒍𝒐𝒄𝒊𝒕𝒚
     =
    𝑽𝒆𝒍𝒐𝒄𝒊𝒕𝒚 𝑱𝒆𝒕
    𝝅𝑫𝑵
    =
    𝟐𝒈𝒉
    where:
    D = diameter of runner, m
    N = speed of runner, rps
    g = 9.81 m/sec2 = 32.2 ft/s2

    17. Total efficiency, t


    t = h  m v
    where: m = mechanical efficiency
    v = volumetric efficiency
    h = hydraulic efficiency
    16. Specific speed of hydraulic turbine:
    English Unit:
    𝑵 𝑯𝑷
    a. Ns = , rpm
    𝒉𝟓/𝟒
    where:
    N = speed, rpm
    h = head, ft.
    SI Unit:
    𝟎. 𝟐𝟔𝟐𝟑𝑵 𝑲𝑾 , rpm
    b. Ns =
    𝒉𝟓/𝟒
    where:
    N = speed, rpm
    h = head, m
    Sample Problems:
    1. In a hydro-electric power the tail water level fixes at 480 m. The net head is 27 m and head loss
    is 4% of the gross head. What is the head water elevation?
    2. For a proposed hydro-electric plant, the tail water and head water elevation is 160 m and 195
    m, respectively. If available flow is 10 m3/sec and head loss of 5% of water available head. What
    is the water power?
    3. A pelton type turbine was installed 30 m below the head gate of the penstock. The head loss
    due to friction is 15 percent of the given elevation. The length of penstock is 80 m and coefficient
    of friction is 0.00093. Determine the power output in KW.
    3. In a hydro-electric plant the brake power is 1800 KW running at 450 rpm and net head of 30 m.
    Determine the specific speed of the turbine.

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