Module 14 Fire and Life Safety US-MHR-Managed-Mar 2022

US & CANADA
Residence Inn
fire protection & life safety
globaldesignstrategies
designstandards
April 2022 | franchised
Table of Contents
14.1 Guiding Principles 230

14.2 General Requirements 232
14.3 Principle 1 - Obey the Law 234
14.4 Principle 2 - Fire Containment & Suppression 234
14.5 Principle 3 - Fire Alarm System 240
14.6 Principle 4 - Means of Egress 244
14.7 Principle 5 - Smoke Control 246
14.8 Principle 6 - Standby power 249
14.9 Principle 7 - Elevator Recall 250
14.10 Principle 8 - Building Contents 250
14.11 Principle 9 - Systems Testing 251
chapter organization
• This chapter is a part of an integrated series of Chapters.
• This chapter is a part of an integrated series of Chapters.
definitions
• Design Standard: a minimum requirement to be fulfilled
without exception
• Best Practice: a recommended design guideline, practice or
way to execute a design standard
• Expanded Information: an explanation of a design standard
or best practice
• Reference (internal): a reference to another document /
section within the design standards or to a design strategy /
guide within the brand standards
Exception: Fire Protection & Life Safety Design
Standard references are to external codes only
Marriott Confidential & Proprietary Information
The contents of the Design Standards are confidential and proprietary to

Marriott International, Inc. and may not be reproduced, disclosed, distributed
or used without the express permission of an authorized representative of
Marriott.
English is the official and binding language of these design standards. The
translated versions are provided as a courtesy only and are not controlling
and have no legal effect.
April 2022 marriott international. all rights reserved. Residence Inn - USCA Fire Protection & Life Safety 229
14.1 Guiding Principles
A. Principle 1: Obey the Law. Comply with governing laws, codes and regulations
even if not regularly enforced.
Rationale: It’s the law.
B. Principle 2: Provide Effective Fire Containment and Suppression in the Hotel or

Residences. Automatic sprinkler and standpipe systems provide effective fire
containment and suppression. Alternative fire containment and suppression
systems and approaches may also be effective and will be considered.
Specialized systems may be necessary for areas susceptible to fuel or grease
fires (such as kitchen areas). Consider fire resistance ratings of walls, doors,
shafts, stair enclosures and floor / ceiling assemblies. Adequately address fire
risks associated with linen and trash chutes.
Rationale: Quickly containing and suppressing a fire can largely eliminate loss of
life and significantly reduce property damage and resulting business interruption.
Grease fires in kitchens are some of the most common and dangerous sources
of fires in a hotel. Elements of “firewalls” must resist fire and contain smoke for a
minimum period of time to be effective.
C. Principle 3: Provide Effective Fire Detection and Carbon Monoxide (CO)

Detection and Notification. Equip the entire building with a central alarm system
to alert occupants.
Rationale: If occupants are not promptly notified of a danger, their evacuation

may be delayed and they may be harmed as a result.
D. Principle 4: Provide adequate egress for fire and emergency situations. Consider
the following critical items impacting egress; the number of exits, travel distance,
dead-end corridors, common path of travel, occupant load, egress capacity,
direction of door swing and door hardware.
Rationale: Even if occupants are alerted of a danger, they must be able to quickly
230 Fire Protection & Life Safety Residence Inn - USCA marriott international. all rights reserved. April 2022
exit from the building to avoid the danger.
E. Principle 5: Adequately address the need for effective smoke control to allow
occupants to exit the building. In a fire, exit signs in public areas need to be
visible and egress stairs need to be usable.
Rationale: More people die in fires from inhalation of smoke and toxic vapors
than from being burned by flames.
F. Principle 6: Provide immediate standby power for emergency power and lighting.
Provide emergency lighting throughout normally occupied areas and means of
egress.
Rationale: Even with adequate detection, notification and means of egress,

occupants need adequate lighting to see their way out of the building (and
firefighters need it to see their way inside the building). If power and lights are not
restored right away, panic may ensue and evacuation may be hindered.
G. Principle 7: Provide effective integration of elevator recall functions with fire alarm
systems. When smoke is detected in the elevator lobby, elevator machine room
or elevator shaft, elevators must automatically return to:
• pre-designated levels (those with areas of egress) or
• alternative levels (if the pre-designated levels are affected by the fire) This
prevents elevators from stopping at floors affected by the fire. Thereafter, control
of elevators must be turned over to firefighters for emergency operations. Lastly,
the main power to elevators must automatically shut off when there is risk of
activation of sprinklers in the elevator hoistway or machine room (which can
cause elevators to act erratically).
Rationale: In a fire, control of elevators is critical. This gives firefighters additional

means to access parts of the building if elevator operation is safe. And it prevents
occupants from using elevators if operation is not safe.
H. Principle 8: Limit fire risks of building contents. Consider fire resistance ratings of
building materials / components and the flammability ratings of furnishings,
carpeting, curtains and wall finishes.
Rationale: Building contents can serve as fuel for fires and emit toxic fumes and
must be carefully selected.
I. Principle 9: Conduct performance-based testing. Before occupancy, FLS

systems must be fully operational and tested to the satisfaction of Marriott FLS
representatives.
Rationale: Even the best designed FLS systems do not work if they are installed
incorrectly.
14.2 General Requirements
A. Application: United States
1. The FLS Design Standards include design standards, performance criteria,

reference standards and life safety process verification that define a
comprehensive fire protection program in accordance with FLS Guiding
Principles. Any MI owned, managed and franchised Brand property that
complies with the FLS Design Standards will meet the MI FLS Guiding
Principles (and thus will comply with this Standard). Coordinate requirements
with other Chapters and in particular <10>, <12> and <15A>.
2. Application of these Standards to a specific project requires a design

analysis.
3. When a MI property is integrated with or interconnected with another building,

the building shall provide protection equal to the fire protection and life safety
standards required for the MI property, as defined by FLS on a case-by-case
evaluation.
B. Definitions:
1. High-Rise Building: A building where the floor of an occupiable story is

greater than 23 m (75 ft.) above the lowest level of fire department access.
2. Back-of-House (BOH): Includes areas such as employee spaces, employee

restrooms, laundry, offices, work areas, commercial kitchens storage areas,
workshops, etc.
3. Guestroom: The term “guestroom” includes suites, residences, serviced

apartments, interval ownership, hotel villas, etc.
4. Small Hotel: To be considered a "small hotel", all of the following must be

met.
• Less than 75 feet (23 meters) in height
• No more than 135 guestrooms
• No atrium or floor to floor openings
• Total meeting space does not exceed 150 m² (1,615 sq.ft)
• Fire department response time of 15-minute or less
C. Submittals: Prior to system installation or modification, submit one set of

drawings, plus accompanying materials and documentation of the following for
review and acceptance to:
1. Marriott Fire Protection & Life Safety:
a. Drawings Scale: Provide drawings at an accurate and easily readable
scale.
b. Submittal Requirements:
• Floor Plans: Show floor areas (m² or ft²) and rooms exiting, exit
capacity, occupant load diagrams, door hardware and fire resistance
ratings.
• Fire Alarm: System diagrams, shop drawings, equipment product
sheets, voltage drop and battery calculations and sequence of operation
matrix.
• Automatic Sprinkler & Standpipe: System shop drawings, hydraulic
calculations, and equipment product sheets, fire pump test curve, and
controller and transfer switch equipment sheet.
• Type 1 Grease Hood & Duct Fire Suppression: Equipment product
sheets and drawings (plan and side views) indicating cooking equipment,
hood and suppression system. See <10>.
• Emergency Power: Plans for emergency lighting and exit signs, and
information on the emergency power provided.
• Smoke Control: System shop drawings, sequence of operations, riser
diagrams and calculations (space volumes, air changes, make-up and
exhaust, fan and equipment flow capacities, and locations).
2. Contact Information:
a. Marriott International: Contact the Marriott Global Design Project

Manager.
b. Zurich Services Corporation, Mr. Jimmy Durkin, 100 Walker Rd.,

Landenberg, PA 19350, USA. James.durkin@zurichna.com
14.3 Principle 1 - Obey the Law
A. Laws & Governing Regulations: Comply with governing laws, codes and
regulations even if not regularly enforced. If governing requirements conflict with
MI’s Design Standards, contact FLS for resolution.
B. Application: Current edition of all cited references are the basis for FLS Design
Standards and are applicable to all MI managed, owned and franchised
properties.
C. References & Resources:

• National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) & International Building Code (IBC)
Standards: The Life Safety Code - NFPA 101 and the IBC are the basis for FLS
Design Standards. Compliance with the current version of NFPA and IBC is
required in addition to the codes required by the governing authority.
• Elevator & Escalator Safety Code: Current ASME A17.1 edition and
supplements.
• Testing Program: Provide Underwriters Laboratories (UL) listed materials,
appliances and equipment.
14.4 Principle 2 - Fire Containment & Suppression
A. Standards: IBC, NFPA 13, NFPA 14, NFPA 1142, NFPA 22 and NFPA 20.
B. Automatic Sprinkler, Water Mist & Standpipe System: Comply with code as
written.
1. Provide a complete hydraulically designed combination automatic sprinkler

and standpipe system zoned by floor.
C. Sprinkler & Water Mist Systems:
1. System Options: Traditional sprinkler system or HI-FOG water mist system
2. Building Footprint: Sprinkler building areas within building “footprint”,

including canopies required by NFPA 13.
3. Parking Structures: Provide sprinkler protection, unless greater than

50% of perimeter is open to exterior air and not under any portion of the
building.
4. Ballrooms & Exhibit Halls: Design the sprinkler system in compliance

with Ordinary Hazard Group 1
5. Utility Spaces: Provide complete sprinkler protection in electrical,

mechanical, telephone and computer rooms.
6. Loading Docks and Truck Bays: Provide sprinkler protection. If subject
to freezing, provide dry pipe system.
7. Freezer & Cooler Boxes: Protect with dry type sprinklers supplied from
area wet pipe sprinkler system.
8. Guestroom Closets & Pantries: Sprinklers are not required in clothes

closets, linen closets and pantries within hotel guestrooms where the area
does not exceed 2.2 m² (24 sq. ft.) and where the least dimension does not
exceed 0.9 m (3 ft.) or within Residences where the area does not exceed
1.1 m² (12 sq. ft.).
• Closets and pantries with washer, dryer, water heater, mechanical or
electrical equipment require sprinklers.
9. Guestroom & Residence Bathrooms: Sprinklers are not required if

bathroom is less than 5.10 m² (55 sq. ft.) and have walls and ceilings of
noncombustible or limited-combustible materials with a 15-minute thermal
rating, including behind shower enclosures or tubs.
10. Coastal Areas: If within 16 km (10 miles) of the coastline, provide

exterior galvanized pipe and fittings with corrosion resistant sprinklers for wet
pipe and dry pipe sprinkler systems in exterior unconditioned spaces.
11. In buildings 4 stories or less in height, apply NFPA 13 instead of NFPA

13R.
D. Design Requirements:
1. Water Source: Provide dependable source of water quantity and

pressure from municipal water main or from on site cistern or tanks if
municipal water is not available.
2. Safety Factor: Provide a 10% hydraulic safety factor up to a maximum

of 0.7 bar (10 psi) for automatic sprinkler system and water mist system.
3. Pressure Reducing Valves:

• Design system within maximum pressure of 12 bar (175 psi) without use of
pressure reducing valves. If pressure reducing valves are necessary, obtain
acceptance and specific design requirements from FLS.
• Provide system flow, pressure and location information / signage at each
PRV.
• Size drain to accommodate sprinkler and standpipe flow.
4. Control Valves: Provide the following:
a. Supervisory Signal Initiating Device (tamper switch): Provide for each

control valve.
b. Access: Visible and readily accessible in the back-of-house area or

stairwell.
5. Check Valves: Provide check valves at floor control valves as required
to eliminate false activation of sprinkler waterflow alarms on other floors.
6. Water Flow Switches: Provide retardant type. Initiate alarm signal between
30 and 60 seconds.
7. CPVC Pipe & Fittings: If provided, install in compliance with

manufacturer’s specifications. Use chemically compatible materials that
contact pipes and fittings.
8. Zoning: Best Practice for Small Hotels (see definition)
a. Zone each floor / story separately at a minimum.
b. High-Rise Buildings: Connect guestroom and residential zone

sprinkler piping to 2 risers at each floor interconnected with a control
valve, check valve, flow switch and tamper switch at each riser.
c. Attic Spaces: Provide dedicated zone for attic spaces, separate from floor
below.
9. Fire Pumps: Locate fire pump drivers, fire pumps, fire pump controllers and
fire pump power supplies (normal and standby) above the 100 year flood
elevation and above the maximum anticipated hurricane / typhoon / cyclone
storm surge elevations.
E. Wet Pipe Sprinkler Systems: Provide for habitable spaces such as guestrooms,
guestroom corridors, public and back-of-house areas.
1. Antifreeze (liquid) systems are not recommended.
2. Insulation is not considered “freeze protected”.
F. Dry Pipe Sprinkler Systems: Best Practice for Small Hotels (see definition)
1. Design to provide water to the remote inspector test and drain assembly
within 60 seconds.
2. Provide system tank mounted compressor with a secured switch.
3. Use steel schedule 40 pipe. Include grooved fittings with cut grooves
with sealing type gaskets. Install piping with a pitch, including heated areas.
4. Dry type sprinklers supplied from the wet pipe sprinkler system may be
provided in small unheated areas.
G. Remote Inspector’s Test & Drain Assembly: See example diagrams.
1. Locate at farthest (remote) end of each zone in readily accessible areas.
2. Drain Pipe: Provide continuous hard pipe (steel or CPVC) to exterior at
ground level.
3. Sprinkler zones with dead end mains or more than one remote end,
provide inspector’s tests and drains at each dead end main and remote end.
4. Typical Zoned Sprinkler System
5. Test / Drain Assembly (Figure 2)
6. High-rise Sprinkler Riser Diagram
H. Sprinklers:
1. Provide 4.07 lpm / m² (0.10 gpm / sq. ft.) minimum discharge density for light
hazard areas. Best Practice for Small Hotels (see definition)
2. Provide fast response / quick response type in the following:
a. Sprinkler Table
3. Sprinkler type for a particular application are as follows:
a. Sprinkler Table
4. Concealed (cover plate) sprinklers are not preferred.
5. Sprinkler Coordination:
a. Install sprinklers with the manufacturer’s minimum allowable

projection from the wall or ceiling.
b. Coordinate locations of sprinklers at guestrooms and public areas to

avoid location conflicts (such as crown moldings, HVAC grilles, ceiling
fans).
c. In corridor ceilings, generally, position sprinklers along centerline of

corridor width.
d. In ceilings with acoustical tiles, position sprinklers in center of tiles.
I. Type 1 Grease Hood & Duct Fire Suppression System:
1. A UL 300 system or equivalent.
2. Ansul “Piranha” or “CaptiveAire Core” dual agent suppression system.
3. Sequence of Operation: The hood and duct fire suppression system control
units initiate the following:
a. Alarm Signal: Send fire alarm signal to FACP.
b. Gas: Automatically activate solenoid to turn off gas to affected cooking

lines.
c. Power: Automatically turn off power to cooking appliances. Exhaust fan
continues operation (unless required by manufacturer to shut down for
proper operation of the system).
J. Linen & Trash Chutes:
1. Sprinklers: Install a sprinkler above the top service opening of the

chute, above the lowest service opening, and above service openings at
alternate levels in buildings over two stories in height.
14.5 Principle 3 - Fire Alarm System
A. Standards: IBC, NFPA 72
B. Fire Alarm System:Comply with code as written.
1. Provide entire building with a point addressable intelligent central fire alarm
system from MI’s accepted equipment vendors. See the Fire Alarm System
Sequence Matrix. Coordinate with <15A>.
2. Supervising Station Service:Provide an off-site supervising station service for

Marriott properties that receives and records operation signals of the circuits
and devices, and notifies the local fire department when a general alarm is
activated.
3. Campus Style Sites: Provide point addressable intelligent networking that

reports to the continuously attended property location or provide other means
of notification acceptable to MI. Best Practice for Small Hotels (see definition)
4. Testing: Provide the following at the Fire Alarm Control Panel (FACP) for MI
Managed Properties only:
a. Individual disconnect buttons for testing purposes:

• Audible notification appliances and visual strobes (sounder base and
guestroom hearing impaired strobe shall function upon guestroom smoke
sensor activation)
• Door hold open mechanisms
• Elevator recall
• Air handlers and smoke control systems
• Audio/Visual (hotel music / sound and lighting dimming system)
• Carbon Monoxide (CO) accelerated test mode
5. Exterior & Unconditioned Areas: Provide National Electrical

Manufacturer Association (NEMA) weatherproof box, rated devices and
appliances (weatherproof, corrosion resistant) listed for exterior exposure.
C. System Smoke Sensors (Detectors):
1. Guestrooms, Suite Rooms and other Sleeping Units: Provide low voltage
photoelectric system smoke sensors.
a. In units with separate sleeping spaces, such as suites and apartments,

provide system smoke sensors in each separate sleeping room and living
room.
b. Guestroom smoke detectors shall send a supervisory signal to the FACP.
c. Guestroom smoke detectors shall be self-restoring signals.
d. Activation of room system smoke sensor to immediately and

automatically sound an alarm within the room of incident and annunciate
as a supervisory signal.
e. System smoke sensor normal and emergency power is provided by

the FACP.
f. To minimize unwanted alarms, avoid locating smoke sensors near

the kitchen or bathrooms.
g. Locate smoke sensors at the highest ceiling area in the room.
2. High-rise Buildings: Provide full area smoke detection in public common

areas to include Guestroom Corridors.
3. HVAC / Duct System Smoke Sensors:
a. Provide remote test switch and indicator light accessible from floor
level.
b. Location: Provide downstream of air handling units (AHU) over

945 l/s (2,000 cfm).
c. Operation: Smoke sensor shuts down AHU upon sensing smoke

and annunciates at fire alarm panel, but does not activate smoke exhaust
system (if provided).
D. Carbon Monoxide (CO) Detectors: Install system type CO detectors that are
listed for life safety use and provide automatic alert tone (four pulse temporal
pattern) in affected area. Connect to the FACP and annunciate as a supervisory
signal.
1. General: Provide in rooms and areas containing fuel burning appliances and
equipment. Including but not limited fireplaces (including wood), kitchens,
main laundry room, boiler/water heater room, pool equipment room,
generator room and fire pump room.
2. Combination Devices: Implementing exclusively CO or smoke detector

devices is preferred. Avoid combination devices.
E. Alarm Notification Appliances: Provide audible notification appliances
(speakers, mini-horns, horns, or sounder bases of system smoke sensors listed
for general and local evacuation) and visual notification strobe lights in locations
according to the following:
1. Guestroom, Suite Rooms & other Sleeping Units:
a. Provide audible appliances in each sleeping room. In properties with

separate multiple sleeping spaces, such as suites and apartments,
provide in each sleeping room and living room.
b. If audible appliance is not listed for both local and general alarm, provide
audible devices listed for each purpose in each sleeping room and living
room.
c. Simultaneously activate the audible notification devices located

within the same suite or unit.
d. Audible Appliance: Provide minimum audible alarm of 85 dBA at 3

m (10 ft.); minimum of 75 dBA “at the pillow”.
2. Hearing-impaired Designated Guestrooms, Suites, or Residential Units:

Provide audible alarm appliances and visual alarm strobes.
a. Arrange strobes to flash in each room or area, within 4.9 m (16 ft)
direct line of sight from bed pillows, and bathroom when the following
occurs:
• System smoke sensors or (CO) detectors in rooms or units activate.
• Building fire alarm notification alarms activate.
b. Strobe Light Rating: 177 candela - within 61 cm (24 inch) from the
ceiling; 110 candela - more than 61 cm (24 inch) from the ceiling.
c. Hearing-impaired Guestroom Bathroom: 15 candela visual alarm strobe

required. Best Practice for Small Hotels (see definition)
3. Public Areas, Corridors & BOH: Provide audible and visual notification
appliances (including in public toilet rooms and guest laundry rooms).
F. Emergency Occupant Notification:
1. Automatic alert tone (three pulse temporal pattern).
2. Assembly Spaces Over 300 Occupants: Continuous cycle alert tone

and automatic prerecorded voice message with manual voice communication
override.
3. High-Rise Buildings: Continuous cycle alert tone and automatic

prerecorded voice message with manual voice communication override.
G. Manual Pull Stations: In lowrise buildings, provide at Reception Desk only,
unless required in other locations by applicable codes.
H. Firefighter Communication Systems: Comply with governing code

requirements.
I. Sound and Lighting: Building sound system shall shunt and light dimming
systems in public areas and assembly spaces shall turn on to full brightness on
affected floors upon activation of the fire alarm system. Best Practice for Small
Hotels (see definition).
J. Annunciator: Provide point address to indicate floor, specific location, device and
type of alarm. Provide annunciators in areas monitored 24 hours by property
employees (Security, AYS, PABX room, Reception Desk). Best Practice for
Small Hotels (see definition) if FACP is in a continuously attended location.
K. Fire Alarm Matrix
14.6 Principle 4 - Means of Egress
A. Standards: IBC, NFPA 101, The Life Safety Code
B. Application: Comply with code as written except "horizontal exits" are not
permitted.
C. Guestroom Areas Corridors: Comply with the following:
1. Exits: 2 or more remote exits
2. Dead-End Corridor Limit: 15.24 m (50 ft.)
3. Common Path Limit: 15.24 m (50 ft.)
D. Assembly Spaces:
1. Occupant Load Factors:
a. Ballrooms, Meeting Rooms & Assembly Gathering Areas:

• Greater than 70 m² (750 sq.ft.): 0.65 m² (7 sq.ft.) per occupant
• 70 m² (750 sq.ft.) or less: 1.4 m² (15 sq.ft.) per occupant
b. Exhibit Halls, Restaurant, Lounges & Boardrooms: 1.4 m² (15 sq. ft.) per
occupant
2. Design Requirements:
a. Dead-End Corridor Limit: 6.10 m (20 ft.)
b. Common Path Limit: 6.10 m (20 ft.)
c. Panic & Fire Exit Hardware: Provide hardware on assembly

occupancy doors where occupant loads are 100 persons or more and on
doors in the paths of travel to the exterior exit discharge.
d. Remote Exits: Two or more remote exits are required from a space
with an occupant load of 50 or more. The distance between the nearest
edges of remote exits is a minimum of one third the greatest diagonal
dimension of the space in sprinklered buildings.
• Two remote exits required for 50 or more occupants
• Three remote exits required for 500 or more occupants
• Four remote exits required for 1,000 or more occupants
e. Operable Partitions: Doors in operable partitions do not qualify as exits,

unless a door opens directly into an exit access corridor.
f. Commercial Kitchen Areas: Exiting through Kitchens or other

hazardous areas is not permitted.
g. Banquet Chairs: Provide a fastening device on banquet chairs to
connect chairs to each other in rows to prevent individual chair
displacement from blocking rows and aisles during emergency egress
from assembly occupancies with more than 200 persons.
E. Egress Capacity:
1. Stairways: 7.6 mm (0.3 inch) width per person; a minimum width of 1.12 m.
2. Doors, Level Components & Ramps: 5 mm (0.2 inch) width per person.
3. For stairways wider than 1120 mm (44 inch), the capacity may be
increased using the following equation (imperial units only):
a. Egress Equation: C = 146.7 + (Wn - 44 / 0.218)
C = capacity, in persons
Wn = nominal width of the stair (inches)
F. Multi-Use Exits: Avoid sharing stairs and exit corridors with other properties
(office, retail, residence, etc.). If unavoidable, submit and obtain acceptance from
FLS of alternate facilities that safeguard the property operational and security
integrity. See <1>.
G. Exterior Exit Path: Provide the required width for the exit capacity but not
less than 90 cm (3 ft.), hard surfaced walkway leading to a public way.
H. Exit Discharge: Discharge one half of all exits directly to the building
exterior.
I. Doors:
1. Exit stairwell doors are not permitted to be lockable from either side. Access
control is not permitted.
2. Marked or designated exit doors or exit access doors are not permitted to be
lockable in the direction of egress travel and hardware shall be capable of
being operated with a single motion. Access control is not permitted.
3. In multi-use buildings (office, retail, residences, etc) that share exit stairwells
and exit access corridors where safety is a concern, contact MI FLS.
J. Stair Handrails: At a minimum, provide handrails on both sides of stairways.

See <16>.
K. Signage:
1. Stair Signage: In stairs at each landing, include stair designation, floor

level, if roof access is available and direction to exit discharge.
2. Means of Egress Signage: Provide egress and exit sign quantities and
locations as follows:
a. Provide a minimum of two remote exit signs or directional exit signs,
visible from locations in a corridor and in spaces with more than 49
occupants.
b. Position exit signs to indicate available exits and exit directions,

regardless of the exit distance from the sign to the exit.
c. Place exit signs perpendicular to the occupant’s line of sight.
14.7 Principle 5 - Smoke Control
A. Standards: IBC, NFPA 92, NFPA 101.
B. Application - Automatic Mechanical Smoke Control: Provide automatic

mechanical smoke control in the following locations in accordance with the IBC.
1. Atriums or communicating spaces that connect three or more stories
2. Underground assembly buildings having an occupiable floor more than 9.14

m (30 ft.) below the finished floor of the lowest level of exit discharge.
C. Smoke Exhaust System Configurations - Underground Assembly Buildings:
1. Zones: Each space is treated as an individual fire / smoke zone.
2. Capacity: In spaces requiring smoke exhaust, provide a minimum of 10

to 12 air changes per hour.
a. In larger spaces such as atriums and exhibit halls, increase the air
change rates.
b. Consult with FLS on project specific criteria.
c. Calculate zone volumes using slab to slab heights.
3. Makeup Air: Provide makeup air for each smoke exhaust zone. Provide
mechanical supply air no less than 70% of exhaust rate.
4. Ducted System: Provide hard ducted smoke exhaust from each smoke
zone. Return air plenums and slot diffusers are not permitted for smoke
exhaust systems.
5. Dampers: Provide motor operated, low leakage, automatic reset,

dampers for smoke exhaust systems. Manual reset dampers are not allowed.
6. Configuration: Separate supply grill from exhaust grill to promote

sweeping of the smoke. Locate supply adjacent to exits so smoke is moving
against the direction of egress. Provide adequate make-up air and exhaust
points to eliminate dead spots and prevent excessive air velocities.
7. Sequence of Operation:
a. Signal: The smoke exhaust system is initiated automatically by a

signal from the fire alarm panel when an area smoke sensor is activated.
b. Smoke Exhaust Fan: Discharge damper fully opens. The fan starts
and provides 100% exhaust to exterior.
c. HVAC System - Confined Areas: In zones where makeup air is not

readily available (ballroom, meeting room, etc.), the return damper of the
HVAC system serving the smoke zone closes and the supply fan reduces
to 50% outside air.
d. Other Zones: Supply, return and exhaust fans for HVAC systems in
other zones remain in normal operating mode.
D. Smoke-Free Egress Stairwells: In high-rise buildings maintain smoke-free egress

stairwells through one of the following, in compliance with NFPA 101. Coordinate
with <15A> and refer to the Fire Alarm Matrix.
1. Natural Ventilation:
a. Open stairwells
b. Open balcony or vestibule
2. Mechanical Vestibule Ventilation: Ventilate vestibule with not less than one
air change per minute and provide exhaust at 150% of the supply.
3. Mechanical Pressurization: Provide fans with variable frequency drive.

Determine a single set point during commissioning with stair doors closed.
a. System Configurations: The following are approximate stair

enclosure heights and typical design arrangements for fans and ducts:
• 10 Stories: Single induction point
• 10 to 20 Stories: One fan at top and one at bottom
• 20 or More Stories: One or more supply fans ducted through stair with
supply registers located every third floor.
b. Fan:
• Type: Provide fan with variable frequency drive. Determine a single set
point during commissioning with all doors closed.
• Supply Damper: Motor operated, low leakage
c. Design Pressure: Provide pressure differential sensors to measure the

difference across doors of not less than 12.5 N m² (0.05 inch w.c.).
4. Other Criteria:
a. Doors: 13.50 kg (30 lbs.) maximum opening force across doors into
egress stairs.
b. Sequence of Operation - Stair Pressurization:

• Initiation: System is initiated by a signal from the fire alarm panel due to
activation of either a public space (excluding guestrooms) smoke sensor
or sprinkler flow switch.
• Supply Damper: Upon activation, supply damper fully opens and
stairwell pressurization fans start.
E. Smoke Control Panel: Provide a smoke control panel for manual control of
equipment that is part of the smoke control system with Hand-Off-Automatic
(HOA) and pilot lights to indicate status and fault monitoring (one switch and
lights for each zone).
1. Location: Position the smoke control panel at the location of the main
fire alarm panel.
2. Power: Provide internal power source for manual operation of all

equipment. Provide voltage same as fire alarm system.
3. ‘Hand’ Position: Manually activates all equipment into smoke control

mode.
4. ‘Off’ Position: Shuts down the equipment and returns all dampers to
their normal mode.
5. ‘Automatic’ Position: Allows system to operate in normal building mode,

or in smoke control mode upon receipt of a signal from the fire alarm panel.
14.8 Principle 6 - Standby power
A. Standards: IBC, NFPA 110, NFPA 70 (NEC), NFPA 101
B. Application: Comply with code as written.
C. System Requirements: Provide standby power for emergency power and

lighting in the event of loss of normal incoming electrical service.
• Transfer from one power source to another must take no longer than 10
seconds.
• See <15C> for backup operational power loads to maintain property operations.
D. Emergency Lighting: See <15C>. Provide emergency lighting for code required
egress, property operations and safety as follows:
• Administrative common area
• Egress paths and stairs
• Employee Cafeteria / Breakroom
• Employees lockers and toilets
• Engineering / Maintenance Office
• Exit signs
• Exterior exit door discharge
• Fire Command Room (high-rise buildings)
• Fire Pump / Sprinkler Riser Room
• Fitness Center
• Indoor Pool Room
• Kitchens (commercial F&B preparation areas)
• Laundry
• Mechanical, electrical and elevator rooms
• Meeting Rooms, Ballrooms, Exhibit Halls
• PABX & AYS Room
• Parking Structure
• Public stairs and steps
• Reception Desk
• Restaurants, Lounges
• Spa Treatment Rooms
• Security Office
• Telephone Equipment Room
14.9 Principle 7 - Elevator Recall
A. Standards: IBC, ASME A17.1
B. Application: Comply with code as written.
C. System: Provide Elevator Phase 1 Designated Level and Alternate Level

Recall, Shunt Trip and Phase 2 Firefighters’ In-Car Operations in compliance
with ASME A17.1; see <12>.
14.10 Principle 8 - Building Contents
A. Standards: IBC, NFPA 101, NFPA 82, NFPA 13
B. Application: Comply with code as written. See FF&E criteria.
C. Fire Resistance Ratings: Fire resistance ratings of walls, doors, shafts, stair
enclosures, floor / ceiling assemblies and flammability ratings of furnishing,
carpeting, curtains and wall finishes shall comply with IBC. See FF&E criteria.
D. Linen & Trash Chutes: Provide a fire rated shaft.
1. Chute Vent: Extend (full size) a minimum of 90 cm (3 ft.) above the roof
line.
2. Loading Door: Protect chute openings with a fire rated loading door,
located within a service opening room (vestibule).
3. Room Enclosure:
• Construct the service opening room (vestibule) with a 1-hour fire rated
enclosure and 45-minute fire rated door.
• Construct the discharge room with a 1-hour fire rated enclosure and 1-hour
fire rated door.
14.11 Principle 9 - Systems Testing
A. Application: Before a property is occupied, the fire protection and life safety
systems shall be fully operational, contractor tested and certified to the
satisfaction of a Marriott FLS Representative.
B. Automatic Sprinkler, Water Mist & Standpipe System:
1. Flush and pressure test system.
2. Fire pump shall be tested and certified by the manufacturer.
3. Underground mains flushed and tested.
4. Perform PRV test.
C. Type 1 Grease Hood & Duct Fire Suppression: Pretest all coordinated
components by activation of hood and duct suppression system control unit.
D. Fire Alarm: Pretest and operate system without trouble lights exhibited.
E. Mechanical Smoke Control:
1. Balance Report: Prior to testing smoke control systems, HVAC systems

shall be contractor tested and balanced. Test and balance report shall be
available.
2. Smoke Exhaust: Mechanical smoke exhaust systems in atriums and

underground assembly buildings shall be tested in accordance with the
requirements of International Building Code (IBC) section 909 and the
approved rational analysis.
3. Stair Pressurization: Test and operate the system, concurrently with the
smoke exhaust system (if provided), to confirm design pressures and door
opening force.
F. Emergency Electrical Systems:
1. Generator shall be operational and tested to automatically activate upon

loss of normal incoming power and to provide standby and emergency
service to operate emergency lighting and specified systems.
2. Battery standby power and UPS systems providing emergency power

and lighting shall be fully operational.
G. Elevator Recall & Firefighters’ Operation: Elevator Phase 1 Designated

Level and Alternate Level Recall and Phase 2 Firefighters’ In-Car Operation
Features shall be fully tested in compliance with ASME A17.1.
H. Central Control Station (Fire Command Room): Panels, indicators, controls

and systems shall be operational, tested and accepted.
I. Means of Egress: Facilities for means of egress shall be operational and
unobstructed.

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US & CANADA

14.1 Guiding Principles 230

Marriott Confidential & Proprietary Information

The contents of the Design Standards are confidential and proprietary to

Rationale: It’s the law.

B. Principle 2: Provide Effective Fire Containment and Suppression in the Hotel or

C. Principle 3: Provide Effective Fire Detection and Carbon Monoxide (CO)

Rationale: If occupants are not promptly notified of a danger, their evacuation

Rationale: Even with adequate detection, notification and means of egress,

Rationale: In a fire, control of elevators is critical. This gives firefighters additional

I. Principle 9: Conduct performance-based testing. Before occupancy, FLS

14.2 General Requirements

A. Application: United States

1. The FLS Design Standards include design standards, performance criteria,

2. Application of these Standards to a specific project requires a design

3. When a MI property is integrated with or interconnected with another building,

1. High-Rise Building: A building where the floor of an occupiable story is

2. Back-of-House (BOH): Includes areas such as employee spaces, employee

3. Guestroom: The term “guestroom” includes suites, residences, serviced

4. Small Hotel: To be considered a "small hotel", all of the following must be

C. Submittals: Prior to system installation or modification, submit one set of

1. Marriott Fire Protection & Life Safety:

a. Marriott International: Contact the Marriott Global Design Project

b. Zurich Services Corporation, Mr. Jimmy Durkin, 100 Walker Rd.,

C. References & Resources:

14.4 Principle 2 - Fire Containment & Suppression

1. Provide a complete hydraulically designed combination automatic sprinkler

C. Sprinkler & Water Mist Systems:

1. System Options: Traditional sprinkler system or HI-FOG water mist system

2. Building Footprint: Sprinkler building areas within building “footprint”,

3. Parking Structures: Provide sprinkler protection, unless greater than

4. Ballrooms & Exhibit Halls: Design the sprinkler system in compliance

5. Utility Spaces: Provide complete sprinkler protection in electrical,

8. Guestroom Closets & Pantries: Sprinklers are not required in clothes

9. Guestroom & Residence Bathrooms: Sprinklers are not required if

10. Coastal Areas: If within 16 km (10 miles) of the coastline, provide

11. In buildings 4 stories or less in height, apply NFPA 13 instead of NFPA

1. Water Source: Provide dependable source of water quantity and

2. Safety Factor: Provide a 10% hydraulic safety factor up to a maximum

3. Pressure Reducing Valves:

4. Control Valves: Provide the following:

a. Supervisory Signal Initiating Device (tamper switch): Provide for each

b. Access: Visible and readily accessible in the back-of-house area or

7. CPVC Pipe & Fittings: If provided, install in compliance with

8. Zoning: Best Practice for Small Hotels (see definition)

a. Zone each floor / story separately at a minimum.

b. High-Rise Buildings: Connect guestroom and residential zone

1. Antifreeze (liquid) systems are not recommended.

2. Insulation is not considered “freeze protected”.

2. Provide system tank mounted compressor with a secured switch.

G. Remote Inspector’s Test & Drain Assembly: See example diagrams.

1. Locate at farthest (remote) end of each zone in readily accessible areas.

2. Drain Pipe: Provide continuous hard pipe (steel or CPVC) to exterior at

4. Typical Zoned Sprinkler System

5. Test / Drain Assembly (Figure 2)

6. High-rise Sprinkler Riser Diagram

2. Provide fast response / quick response type in the following:

3. Sprinkler type for a particular application are as follows: