Engr. Mark Jexter A.

Sibayam
 Method of Prestressing
Why use PRESTRESSED concrete instead of conventional RC?
Imagine we have
5𝑤𝐿4 𝟓𝒘
Δ𝑚𝑎𝑥 = Say that 𝟑𝟖𝟒𝑬𝑰is changed into k
384𝐸𝐼
𝑊
Δ = 𝑘𝐿4
𝐿
Let’s have two scenarios, if L= 4m and if L=8m

Δ 𝑜𝑓 4𝑚 = 𝑘(4)4 = 256𝑘 Δ 𝑜𝑓 8𝑚 = 𝑘(8)4 = 4096𝑘

As we have noticed, if we double our length the deflection will 16 times greater than
the other.
Based on NSCP, The allowable deflection is L/240.
4000
Assume that Δ𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙(4𝑚) = 10 𝑚𝑚 𝑎𝑛𝑑 Δ𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 = = 16.67 𝑚𝑚. We can say that
240
our member is safe. But at 8m, the actual deflection is 16 times so we have 160 m and our
8000
allowable is Δ𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 = 240 = 33.33 𝑚𝑚, we can see that we will be having an unsafe
member.
 Analysis at Working Loads
By Homogeneous Beam Concept
Stresses involved in Prestressed Concrete
Stresses in the outer fibers of the concrete: Design.
1. Direct compressive stress due to
tendons.
2. Moment due to the ecccentricity of
the prestress.
3. Flexural stress due to loadings.

P e P The resultant stress f at any section is the

sum or the combined stresses of the
stresses enumerated above.

𝑷 𝑷𝒆𝒄 𝑴𝒄
𝒇=− ± ±
𝑨 𝑰 𝑰
P e P P

𝑷 𝑷𝒆𝒄 𝑴𝒄
𝒇 = −𝑨± ±
𝑰 𝑰
@Midspan

𝑷 𝑷𝒆𝒄 𝑴𝒄
− ± ∓
𝑨 𝑰 𝑰
Sample Problem
A rectangular beam (200mm by 400mm) is prestressed with a final prestressing force 0f
500 KN at an eccentricity of 100mm below the neutral axis. Determine the maximum
moment that will produce no stress at the bottom fiber.
Solution :
𝑃 6Pe 6M
𝑓𝑏𝑜𝑡 = − ± ±
𝑏ℎ 𝑏ℎ2 𝑏ℎ2
400 𝑚𝑚 0 = − 500000 − 6 500000 100 + 6𝑀
e 200 400 200 400 2 200 400 2
P 500000 6 500000 100 6𝑀
200 𝑚𝑚 0 = − − +
200 400 200 400 2 200 400 2
6𝑀
0 = −15.625 +
𝑷 𝑷𝒆𝒄
𝒇 = −𝑨± 𝑰 ± 𝑰
𝑴𝒄 200 400 2
15.625 200 400 2
=𝑀
6
𝑴 = 𝟖𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑. 𝟑𝟑 𝑵 − 𝒎𝒎 𝒐𝒓 𝟖𝟑. 𝟑𝟑𝑲𝑵 − 𝒎
Sample Problem
A rectangular beam (150mm by 300mm) of length 8m is prestressed with a final
prestressing force 0f 400 KN at an eccentricity of 120mm below the neutral axis. Weight
of beam is 5kN/m. Determine the stress at the top and bottom of the mid span section

Solution :
𝑃 = 400 𝐾𝑁
𝑒 = 120𝑚𝑚
300 𝑚𝑚 𝑏 = 150 𝑚𝑚
e
ℎ = 300 𝑚𝑚
P
𝑤𝐿2 5 8 2
150 𝑚𝑚 𝑀= = = 40 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚
8 8
𝑃 6𝑃𝑒 6M
𝑃 6Pe 6M 𝑓𝑡𝑜𝑝 = − + 2 − 2
𝑓=− ± ± 𝐴 𝑏ℎ 𝑏ℎ
𝑏ℎ 𝑏ℎ2 𝑏ℎ2 400000 6 400000 120 6 40000000
𝑓𝑡𝑜𝑝 = − + −
150 300 150 300 2 150 300 2
𝑓𝑡𝑜𝑝 = −5.533 𝑀𝑃𝑎
 𝑃 6𝑃𝑒 6M
𝑓𝑏𝑜𝑡 = − − +
𝐴 𝑏ℎ2 𝑏ℎ2

400000 6 400000 120 6 40000000

𝑓𝑏𝑜𝑡 = − − +
150 300 150 300 2 150 300 2

𝑓𝑏𝑜𝑡 = −12.44 𝑀𝑃𝑎

Sample Problem
A beam 250 mm by 450 mm is prestressed by an initial force of 600 kN. Total loss of prestress
is 15%. Calculate the final compressive if the prestressing force is
a. Applied at the centroid of the beam.
b. Applied at 100m below the centroid of the beam.
Solution :
𝑃 = 600 𝐾𝑁
450 𝑚𝑚 𝑏 = 250 𝑚𝑚
e ℎ = 450 𝑚𝑚
P
250 𝑚𝑚
𝑃 600000 1−15%
a. 𝑓 = − = −
𝑃 6Pe 6M 𝐴 450 250
𝑓=− ± ±
𝑏ℎ 𝑏ℎ2 𝑏ℎ2
𝒇 = −𝟒. 𝟓𝟑𝟑 𝑴𝑷𝒂
b.
𝑃 6Pe
𝑓=− −
𝑏ℎ 𝑏ℎ2

600000(1 − 15%) 6(600000)(100)(1 − 15%)

𝑓=− −
250(450) 250 450 2

𝒇 = −𝟏𝟎. 𝟓𝟕𝟖 𝑴𝑷𝒂

Sample Problem
A 6 m long cantilever beam, 250 mm wide x 600 mm deep caries a uniformly distributed
dead load( beam weight included) of 5 kN/m throughout its length. To prevent excessive
deflection of the beam, it is pre-tensioned with 12 mm diameter strands causing a final
prestress force of 540 kN. Use f’c=27 Mpa.
1. Determine the resulting stress(Mpa) at the top fiber of the beam at the free end if
the center of gravity of the strands coincides with the centroid of the section.
2. Determine the uniform eccentricity of the strands(mm) such that the resulting stress
at the top fiber at the fix end is zero.
3. Determine the maximum concentrated live load(kN) that maybe applied at the free
end of the beam so that the stresses in the extreme fibers at the fix end will not
exceed 0.45f’c for compression and 0.5 𝑓 ′ 𝑐 for tension if the strand are placed at a
uniform eccentricity of 150 mm above the centroid of the section
 𝑃 6Pe 6M
2. 𝑓𝑡𝑜𝑝 = − 𝑏ℎ ± 𝑏ℎ2 ± 𝑏ℎ2
Solution
𝑃 6Pe 6M
𝑓𝑡𝑜𝑝 = − 𝑏ℎ − 𝑏ℎ2 + 𝑏ℎ2
5 𝑘𝑁/𝑚

540000 6 540000 𝑒 6𝑀
6𝑚 0=− − +
250 600 250 600 2 250 600 2

Solution :
𝑤𝐿2 5 6 2
𝑃 540000 𝑀= = = 90 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚
1. 𝑓 = − = − 8 8
𝐴 600 250
540000 6 540000 𝑒 6(90000000)
0=− − +
𝒇 = −𝟑. 𝟔𝑴𝑷𝒂 250 600 250 600 2 250 600 2
6 540000 𝑒
0 = 2.4 −
250 600 2

𝒆 = 𝟔𝟔. 𝟔𝟕 𝒎𝒎
 𝑃 6Pe 6M
𝑓𝑡𝑜𝑝 =− − +
𝑏ℎ 𝑏ℎ2 𝑏ℎ2

540000 6 540000 150 6𝑀

0.5 27 = − − +
250 600 250 600 2 250 600 2

6𝑀
0.5 27 = −9 + 2
250 600

6𝑀
11.6 =
250(600)^2

𝑀 = 173.96𝑥106 𝑁 − 𝑚𝑚 𝑜𝑟 173.96 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚𝑚
 𝑃 6Pe 6M
𝑓𝑏𝑜𝑡 =− + −
𝑏ℎ 𝑏ℎ2 𝑏ℎ2

540000 6 540000 150 6𝑀

−0.45 27 = − + −
250 600 250 600 2 250 600 2

6𝑀
−0.45 27 = 1.8 − 2
250 600

6𝑀
−13.95 = −
250(600)^2

𝑀 = 209.25𝑥106 𝑁 − 𝑚𝑚 𝑜𝑟 209.25 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚𝑚

⸫ 𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝑀 = 173.96 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚
 𝑃

5 𝑘𝑁/𝑚

6𝑚

𝑤𝐿2
𝑀= + 𝑃𝐿
2
5 6 2
173.96 = + 6𝑃
2
P=13.99 kN
Problem
The section of a prestressed double-tee concrete floor joist is shown. The
prestressing force of the tendons is 800kN. Unit weight of concrete is
23.5𝑘𝑁/𝑚3 . Simple span L= 8m.
The properties of the section are: b
Effective width of slab: b=2.5m
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 = 250000 𝑚𝑚2 𝑦1
𝐼 = 1890𝑥106 𝑚𝑚4
Service loads on the floor: 𝑒 𝑦2
DL=2.5KPa
𝑦3
LL=6.0KPa
𝑦1 = 90𝑚𝑚
𝑦2 = 270𝑚𝑚
𝑦3 = 75𝑚𝑚
 Problem
1. Determine the initial stress at the bottom fiber due to prestressing
force alone
2. Determine the stress at the bottom fibers due to service load and
prestress force. Assume that there is a loss of prestress of 20% at
service loads in MPa.
3. Calculate the load in kPa can the floor could carry so that the stress at
the bottom fiber at midspan zero. b

𝑦1

𝑒 𝑦2

𝑦3
 Solution
2500

90

𝑒 270
75

𝑃 𝑃𝑒𝑐
𝑓𝑏𝑜𝑡 =− −
𝐴 𝐼
800000 800000(195)(270)
𝑓𝑏𝑜𝑡 =− −
250000 1890𝑥106
𝑓𝑏𝑜𝑡 = −25.48 𝑀𝑃𝑎
 2500

90 𝑤𝐿2 27.12526.42 82
𝑀= =
8 8
𝑒 270 𝑀 = 217 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚
75

Total Load= DL + LL +W= 2.5(2.5)+6(2.5)+23.5(0.25)

𝑃 𝑃𝑒𝑐 𝑀𝑐
𝑓𝑏𝑜𝑡 =− − +
𝐴 𝐼 𝐼
217𝑥106 (270)
𝑓𝑏𝑜𝑡 = −25.48(1 − 0.2) +
1890𝑥106
𝑓𝑏𝑜𝑡 = 10. 616 𝑀𝑃𝑎
 2500

90 𝑤𝐿2
𝑀=
8
𝑒 270 𝑤(8)2
142.688 =
8
75 𝑤 = 17.836 𝑘𝑁/𝑚
17.836
𝑃 𝑃𝑒𝑐 𝑀𝑐 𝑤= = 7.13 𝑘𝑃𝑎
𝑓𝑏𝑜𝑡 =− − + 2.5
𝐴 𝐼 𝐼
𝑀(270)
0 = −25.48 1 − 0.2 +
1890𝑥106
M=142.688 kN-m