Psychology Notes T3

Psychology Notes T3
Intelligence
- No definite answer
- Ability to learn from experience
- To acquire knowledge
Alfred Binet Described intelligence as being determined by how old one is, their ability to
concentrate, their ability to memorise items and their vocabulary.
Weschsler said that there are four conditions which should be present before one can call
intelligence intelligence
1. Awareness
2. Goal Directed
3. Rational
4. Problem Solving
There are two parts to his test, the non-verbal and the verbal section of the test.
Howard Garner
Devised the theory of multiple intelligence.
His theory is that each person has a unique combination of different intelligences.
Linguistic intelligence = the ability to communicate effectively through language and words.
Musical Intelligence = The ability to comprehend the different aspects of music such as
pitch, rhythm and timbre.
Logical Intelligence = reasoning, solving problems and think abstractly using numbers and
logical operations.
Spatial Intelligence = visualising and manipulating spatial information, reading maps or

assembling puzzles
Bodily-Kinaesthetic Intelligence = this type of intelligence found in athletes, dancers,

gymnasts and other performers.
Intrapersonal Intelligence = ability to understand one’s own feelings and draw on them to
guide ones behaviour in an appropriate way.
Interpersonal Intelligence = ability to read other people’s moods, motivations and thoughts.
Naturalistic Intelligence = identifying things in the real world and biological sciences.
His theory
These change over one’s lifespan and all people possess all of these to varying degrees
Criticisms
While his theory has been influential in education, some critics have stated that implications
of Gardners theory have not been fully adapted to the classroom. It will be hard for
educators to incorporate the concept to each of the children.
Also is hard to measure.
Do Now, Week 3
A few weeks ago, I was sick with a cold, symptoms including fatigue, sore throat and
coughing. I got better through warm food and staying warm as well as taking pills.
Understanding ADHD and Its Impacts

 Attention Deficit Hyperactivity disorder is a neurodevelopmental disorder affecting
attention and impulse control.
 Approx. 5-10% of children and 2-5% of adults have it.
Causes
 Genetics
 Neurobiological differences: variety in areas governing attention and impulse control
 Neurotransmitter imbalance: disrupted dopamine and norepinephrine levels
influence attention and behaviour
 Environment: prenatal factors like toxins, substance use and premature birth may
contribute
Types
Inattentive presentation
 Difficulty focusing on tasks
 Overlooking details, making careless mistakes
 Struggling organise tasks and activities
Hyperactivity Presentation
 Restlessness and difficulty staying seated
 Talking excessively and interrupting others,
 Acting without thinking
Symptoms change throughout age

Impacts on Daily Life
 Academic challenges
 Struggling to complete assignments
 Social Interactions,
 Completion of leisurely tasks
 Organisational Issues
For Diagnosis, symptoms must be present in multiple settings
ADHD often lasts into adulthood. Only 5 symptoms will look different at older ages
Managing Symptoms of ADHD
 Structured Routine: establish a consistent daily routine with set times for activities.
 Task breakdown: break tasks into smaller, manageable steps. This approach prevents
feeling overwhelmed and makes tasks more achievable.
 Visual Reminders: Use visual cues, such as sticky notes, color-coded calendars or
digital reminders to prompt tasks and activities.
 Time Management Techniques: teach time-blocking and Pomodoro technique,
where work is broken into focused intervals followed by short breaks. Timers can
help maintain focus.
Medication
 Methylphenidate-Based:
 Ritalin (short-acting)
 Concerta(Extended release)
 Amphetamine Based
Pros of Medication
 Improved Focus” Medication boosts attention and concentration

 Reduced Impulsivity: Helps control impulsive actions.
 Enhanced Organization: Improves planning and time management.
 Better performance
 Better emotional balance
Cons of Medication
 Side effects: may cause appetite, sleep or mood issues.
 Varied response: effectiveness varies per person.
 Dependency risk: Stimulants can lead to dependence.
 Long-Term Impact: Long-Term effects still studied.
 Stigma: Some Face social stigmax
 Legal limits: Controlled substances with legal restrictions
Schizophrenia
 Positive symptoms are excess or distortions of normal function:
1. Hallucinations: false sensory perceptions
2. Delusions: false beliefs that are resistant to reason or contradictory evidence
3. Disorganised thinking
 Negative Symptoms are reductions in normal functioning
1. Affective flattening: reduced emotional expression where their face, voice or
gestures seem to be monotone.
2. Alogia: reduced speech output, characterized by poverty of speech or difficulty
conveying information.
3. Anhedonia: Reduced ability to experience pleasure or interest in previously
enjoyable activities.
 Difficulty with attention, working memory and executive functions such as self-
control, planning and staying focused.
1% of population and there is a strong genetic component.
Diagnosis of schizophrenia typically requires a combination of symptoms and functional

impairments.
Causes
 Genetic risk (predisposition)
 Dopamine imbalance (linked to positive symptoms)
 Brain structure abnormalities
 Neurodevelopmental problems
Antipsychotic Medications: they help alleviate positive symptoms like hallucinations and
delusions
Psychosocial interventions: Family therapy involves educating families about the disorder
and improving communication.
Supportive therapy: Social skills training helps individuals improve interpersonal interactions

Psychology Notes T3

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Psychology Notes T3

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Psychology Notes T3

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Psychology Notes T3

Spatial Intelligence = visualising and manipulating spatial information, reading maps or

Bodily-Kinaesthetic Intelligence = this type of intelligence found in athletes, dancers,

Also is hard to measure.

Understanding ADHD and Its Impacts

Symptoms change throughout age

For Diagnosis, symptoms must be present in multiple settings

Managing Symptoms of ADHD

 Improved Focus” Medication boosts attention and concentration

1% of population and there is a strong genetic component.

Diagnosis of schizophrenia typically requires a combination of symptoms and functional

You might also like